scholarly journals The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?

2021 ◽  
pp. 095679762110242
Author(s):  
Ayse Yemiscigil ◽  
Nattavudh Powdthavee ◽  
Ashley V. Whillans
Keyword(s):  
Purpose In Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Instrumental Variable Analysis ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
Existential Crisis ◽  
Retirement Incentives ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Nationally Representative

Does retirement lead to an existential crisis or present an opportunity to experience a renewed sense of purpose in life? Prior research has documented a negative association between retirement and sense of purpose in life, suggesting that retirement could lead people to feel aimless and lost. We revisited these findings using a quasiexperimental approach and identified the causal impact of retirement on purpose in life. In a nationally representative panel of American adults ( N = 8,113), we applied an instrumental-variable analysis to assess how Social Security retirement incentives in the United States drove differences in the likelihood of retirement. Results showed a sizable increase in purpose in life as an outcome of retirement. These improvements were driven by individuals with lower socioeconomic status who retired from dissatisfying jobs. The findings suggest that retirement may provide an opportunity to experience a renewed sense of purpose, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Cultural Interpretation ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The introduction lays out what we know about the social context of schizophrenia from the epidemiological literature: that risk of schizophrenia is particularly high for immigrants from predominantly dark-skinned countries to Europe; that risk increases with lower socioeconomic status at birth and even at parent’s birth; that risk increases with urban dwelling and seems to increase the longer time is spent in cities; that risk increases as ethnic density in the neighborhood declines. The chapter presents a history of the way schizophrenia has been understood in the United States, and the diagnostic complexities of serious psychotic disorder. It then discusses what ethnographers have observed so far about the social conditions which may shape the experience of psychosis: the local cultural interpretation of mental illness; the role and presence of the family; the structure of work; and the basic social environment. This becomes the ground for our case studies.

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis management during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1163-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon P Moss ◽  
Kedar R Mahajan ◽  
Robert A Bermel ◽  
Kelsey Hellisz ◽  
Le H Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Cleveland Clinic ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Lower Education Level ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Rehabilitative Services

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be at higher risk for complications from the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic due to use of immunomodulatory disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and greater need for medical services. Objectives: To evaluate risk factors for COVID-19 susceptibility and describe the pandemic’s impact on healthcare delivery. Methods: Surveys sent to MS patients at Cleveland Clinic, Johns Hopkins, and Vall d’Hebron-Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya in April and May 2020 collected information about comorbidities, DMTs, exposures, COVID-19 testing/outcomes, health behaviors, and disruptions to MS care. Results: There were 3028/10,816 responders. Suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases were more likely to have a known COVID-19 contact (odds ratio (OR): 4.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 18.54). In multivariable-adjusted models, people who were younger, had to work on site, had a lower education level, and resided in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas were less likely to follow social distancing guidelines. 4.4% reported changes to therapy plans, primarily delays in infusions, and 15.5% a disruption to rehabilitative services. Conclusion: Younger people with lower socioeconomic status required to work on site may be at higher exposure risk and are potential targets for educational intervention and work restrictions to limit exposure. Providers should be mindful of potential infusion delays and MS care disruption.

scholarly journals Double Whammy for Older Smokers: Marginalized by Tobacco Control and Valued by the Tobacco Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine K. Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Disparity ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Tobacco Addiction

In the last 20 years, the United States has made stunning progress reducing the rate of adult smoking. However, the smallest reduction is among older adults. Compared to younger smokers, older smokers are more likely to be lower socioeconomic status (SES), have several tobacco related comorbidities, and are less likely to be treated for tobacco addiction yet, in tobacco policy, they are not considered a marginalized group. The tobacco industry’s interest in older smokers contrasts with the lack of interest shown by tobacco control. A double whammy is a set of two bad events or situations that have an effect at the same time. The purposes of this article are to use the health disparity paradigm to (a) discuss the “double whammy” of marginalization by tobacco control and valuation by the tobacco industry on the health of older smokers and (b) provide strategies to promote health equity for older smokers.

Prayer for Health Among U.S. Adults: The 2002 National Health Interview Survey

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny A. Bell ◽  
Cynthia Suerken ◽  
Sara A. Quandt ◽  
Joseph G. Grzywacz ◽  
Wei Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Health ◽  
National Health Interview Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Alternative Health ◽  
Health Interview Survey ◽  
Health Interview ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Interview Survey

Data for the United States is limited on prayer for health, including associations with other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities. The 2002 National Health Interview Survey and Alternative Health Supplement data were examined for associations between prayer for health and demographic, health, and CAM use characteristics. Forty-five percent of adults reported some form of prayer for health. Use of prayer for health was associated with increasing age, ethnic minority status, lower socioeconomic status, southern/midwestern U.S. region, poorer health, and use of most forms of CAM. These data provide information about prayer for health in the United States. Further research could examine associations between prayer for health and healthrelated decisions, behaviors, and outcomes.

scholarly journals Why Is Infant Mortality Higher in the United States than in Europe?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Chen ◽  
Emily Oster ◽  
Heidi Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
Differential Reporting

The United States has higher infant mortality than peer countries. In this paper, we combine microdata from the United States with similar data from four European countries to investigate this US infant mortality disadvantage. The US disadvantage persists after adjusting for potential differential reporting of births near the threshold of viability. While the importance of birth weight varies across comparison countries, relative to all comparison countries the United States has similar neonatal (<1 month) mortality but higher postneonatal (1–12 months) mortality. We document similar patterns across census divisions within the United States. The postneonatal mortality disadvantage is driven by poor birth outcomes among lower socioeconomic status individuals. (JEL I12, I14, I32, J14)

“I Am So Bored!”: Prevalence Rates and Sociodemographic and Contextual Correlates of High Boredom Among American Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan E. Martz ◽  
John E. Schulenberg ◽  
Megan E. Patrick ◽  
Deborah D. Kloska
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Eighth Graders ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Contextual Associations ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Monitoring The Future ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Representative Samples

Adolescent boredom is associated with maladaptation and negative developmental outcomes, yet little is known about the prevalence and correlates of high boredom. Drawing from a broad psychosocial framework, the present study examined rates of high boredom and sociodemographic and contextual correlates among nationally representative samples of 8th and 10th graders ( N = 21,173; 51.8% female) from the Monitoring the Future survey. Results indicate that approximately 20% of adolescents reported high levels of boredom. Those who were more likely to report high boredom were eighth graders; females; youth who identified as Black, Biracial, or Native American/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander; rural youth; and youth of lower socioeconomic status. Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses show significant associations between high boredom and many elements of school, parent, peer, and extracurricular contexts, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Findings highlight the pervasiveness of high boredom among American youth and may benefit prevention and intervention efforts by identifying multiple contextual associations with adolescent boredom.

scholarly journals The thick skin bias in judgments about people in poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
NATHAN N. CHEEK ◽  
ELDAR SHAFIR
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Thick Skin ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Abstract We present a series of studies documenting what we call a ‘thick skin bias’ in people's perceptions of those living in poverty. Across a wide range of life events, from major to minor, people of lower socioeconomic status (SES) are systematically perceived as being less harmed by negative experiences than higher-SES people, even when this is patently false. In 18 studies, including a pre-registered survey of a nationally representative sample, we find that laypeople and professionals show the thick skin bias. We distinguish the bias from a tendency to dehumanize those in poverty and argue it cannot be attributed to the belief that the mere expectation that bad things will happen buffers people in poverty from suffering. The thick skin bias has potentially profound implications for the institutional and interpersonal neglect of those most in need of greater care and resources.

scholarly journals Lower socioeconomic status and co-morbid conditions are associated with reduced continuous positive airway pressure adherence among older adult medicare beneficiaries with obstructive sleep apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson M Wickwire ◽  
Sophia L Jobe ◽  
Liesl M Oldstone ◽  
Steven M Scharf ◽  
Abree M Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cpap Adherence ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Study Objectives To examine rates of adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy among a representative sample of older adult Medicare beneficiaries with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to identify demographic and health-related factors associated with CPAP adherence. Methods Using a 5% sample of Medicare claims data, we utilized Medicare policy and CPAP machine charges as a proxy for CPAP adherence. A cumulative logit model was used to identify demographic, medical, and psychiatric predictors of CPAP adherence status. Results Of beneficiaries who initiated CPAP (n = 3,229), 74.9% (n = 2,417) met the so-called “90-day Medicare adherence criteria,” but only 58.8% of these individuals (n = 1,420) continued to use CPAP throughout the entire 13-month rent-to-own period. Anxiety, anemia, fibromyalgia, traumatic brain injury, and lower socioeconomic status (SES) were all associated with reduced CPAP adherence. Conclusions These results provide the first national estimates of CPAP adherence among older adult Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. In addition, findings highlight the salience of medical and psychiatric comorbidity, as well as SES, as important markers of CPAP adherence among older adults in the United States. Future studies should seek to evaluate interventions to improve CPAP adherence among older adults of lower SES.

First Comes Cohabitation and then Comes Marriage?

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
WENDY D. MANNING ◽  
PAMELA J. SMOCK
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Family Growth ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Recent evidence indicates an overall retreat from marriage. Cohabitation has contributed to this trend as cohabiting unions are increasingly not resulting in marriage. As an initial step in understanding why some cohabiting couples do not marry, the authors examine factors associated with cohabitors' marriage expectations. The authors focus particularly on the effects of socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity because prior research has suggested that the retreat from marriage in the United States has been more marked among Blacks than among non-Hispanic Whites or Hispanics and also for those of lower socioeconomic status. Using the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, we find Black cohabiting women have lower odds of expecting marriage. However, for all race and ethnic groups the probability of expecting to marry depends on men's socioeconomic position.

scholarly journals The Biopolitics of Immigration: A Genealogy of the “Hispanic Paradox”

Genealogy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Jordan Liz
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Hispanic Paradox ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Us ◽  
White Majority ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The “Hispanic Paradox” refers to the epidemiological finding that, despite a lower socioeconomic status, Hispanics tend to have health outcomes (especially regarding mortality rates and life expectancy) that are similar to, if not better than, US non-Hispanic Whites. Within the public health literature, a number of explanations have been proposed focusing on reproductive and fertility rates, biological differences, cultural and lifestyle advantages, the impact of selective migration to the US, among others. Despite the abundant literature on this topic since the late 1980s, little work has been done on the paradox from a philosophical perspective. In this paper, I seek to address this gap by offering a genealogy of the “Hispanic Paradox.” The bulk of this paper, then, focuses on exposing how the development of the Hispanic Paradox is epistemically tied to the prevailing anti-immigration discourse of the 1980s and 1990s. By highlighting the relationship between these two phenomena, this paper proposes a new direction for research into the biopolitics of immigration. More specifically, this paper suggests that the discourses of the “browning of America” and the Hispanic Paradox reveal a specifically biopolitical concern over the longevity of the United States as a White-majority country.

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