The Role of Psychopathic Traits in Female Sexual Coercion

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly A. Miller ◽  
Jeffrey A. Bouffard ◽  
Cassidy A. DeHaan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Primary Psychopathy ◽  
Coercive Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Females ◽  
The Relationship

Researchers have consistently found a relationship between psychopathy and the use of sexual coercion in samples of males with and without previous sexual arrests (Abbey, Jacques-Tiura, & LeBreton, 2011; Hare, 1991; Hersh & Gray-Little, 1998; Seto & Lalumiere, 2000). Although there is growing recognition that females also engage in sexually coercive behavior, current understanding of female coercion is limited (Bouffard, Bouffard, & Miller, 2015; Cortoni, Hanson, & Coache, 2010; Muñoz, Khan, & Cordwell, 2011). This study examined the relationship between psychopathic traits and sexual coercion tactics among a sample of 558 undergraduate females. Results indicate that the use of any previous sexual coercion tactic (coax, lie, get drunk, and assault) and higher endorsement of primary psychopathy traits significantly predict whether the females state that they will engage in future sexually coercive behaviors.

Drinking to Cope Motivations as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Sexual Coercion Victimization and Alcohol Use Among College Women: The Role of Depressive Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Ehlke ◽  
Michelle L. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking To Cope ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Relationship

This cross-sectional study examined whether depressive symptoms strengthened the relationship between different forms of sexual coercion victimization and drinking to cope motivations, which was hypothesized to influence alcohol use. Participants were 214 female undergraduates who completed an online survey. Participants who experienced any lifetime sexual coercion and reported higher depressive symptoms were the most likely to report drinking to cope motivations, which in turn were associated with alcohol use. Depressive symptoms did not strengthen the relationship between specific forms of sexual coercion, drinking to cope, and alcohol use. Increasing emotion regulation strategies among sexual coercion victims may reduce drinking.

scholarly journals Do Psychopathic Traits Distinguish Trajectories of Gang Membership?

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1355
Author(s):  
Dena C. Carson ◽  
James V. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
Gang Life ◽  
The Relationship

Prior work that examines different stages of gang membership (joining, time in gang, and leaving) indicates that the gang experience is unique to each individual member. However, we know little about what accounts for variations in the gang experience; particularly, with regard to the role of individual-level characteristics. This article helps to fill this gap by examining how trajectories of gang membership vary based on one multifaceted individual-level characteristic: psychopathy. Some prior work suggests that gang members high in psychopathic traits are attracted to gang life and more likely to hold leadership roles in the gang. Other work indicates that those high in psychopathy are not well suited for gang membership. We make use of the Pathways to Desistance data and group-based trajectory modeling to examine these relationships. Results indicate that the relationship between psychopathy and gang membership is dependent upon the distinct factors of psychopathy.

The Normative Nature of Aggressive Intrusive Thinking Among an Underserved Incarcerated Population Compared With a Student Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (13) ◽  
pp. 4142-4157
Author(s):  
Ryan C. T. DeLapp ◽  
Gregory S. Chasson ◽  
Jessica Swerbilow ◽  
Brittany Gibby ◽  
Ghazel Tellawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Primary Psychopathy ◽  
Cognitive Experience ◽  
Incarcerated Population ◽  
The Relationship

Aggressive intrusive thoughts (AITs) are unwanted and repetitive thoughts, impulses, or desires that enter into consciousness involuntarily. The current study compared the frequency of and distress from AITs in a sample of inmates jailed for violent crimes ( n = 78) versus college students ( n = 103; that is, participant status). The relationship between psychopathic traits and AITs was also explored. Results indicated that, although there were no differences between students and inmates, AIT frequency was positively associated with Primary Psychopathy. However, there was no significant interaction between participant status (i.e., inmate vs. student) and psychopathy. Finally, there were no significant main or interactions effects in the model predicting AIT distress. These findings demonstrate that AIT frequency is a normative cognitive experience that occurs in both nonviolent and violent individuals, and provides further evidence for an association between psychopathic traits and unwanted aggressive cognition.

scholarly journals Parental Overprotection and Emotional Abuse Predict the Presence of Psychopathic Traits in Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Durand ◽  
Polett Bali
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Childhood Traumas ◽  
The Relationship

Recent findings support an association between childhood maltreatment and the presence of elevated psychopathic traits in adulthood. Using a community sample recruited online (N = 210), we sought to (1) confirm the relationship between childhood traumas and psychopathic traits, and (2) investigate the role of parenting styles in psychopathic traits. Consistent with our predictions, we found an association between all types of childhood traumas and disinhibition. Age and gender moderated the relations between psychopathic traits and childhood maltreatments. Parental rejection and overprotection were positively correlated with the presence of psychopathic traits, while parental emotional warmth was negative correlated. Although our results converge with previous findings, the strength of the correlations observed was not as compelling as in research on undergraduate students. We discuss the numerous interpretations for our findings, and highlight the limitations of research in the field of psychopathy and childhood trauma in the general population.

scholarly journals Do the dark triad and self-perceived mate value predict intention to mate poach?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Erik ◽  
Manpal Singh Bhogal
Keyword(s):  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Mate Poaching ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Although much research has been conducted on the psychology of mate poaching, little research has been conducted on the factors that predict intention to mate poach, from the perspective of the poacher. Recent research has paid some attention to the role of the dark triads in mate poaching. However, very little research has been conducted investigating the relationship between self-perceived mate value and intention to mate poach. We explored the role of the dark triads (Machiavellianism, narcissism and psychopathy), self-perceived mate value, and gender on one’s intention to mate poach in 81 participants from Coventry University. We find that the only dark triad to significantly predict intention to mate poach was psychopathy, suggesting those who scored higher on psychopathic traits were more likely to mate poach. Furthermore, we find that self-perceived mate value significantly predicted intention to mate poach, suggesting those who perceive themselves as having a high mate value, are likely to engage in mate poaching, which is a novel finding.  

Understanding How We Produce Written Words

2019 ◽  
pp. 424-448
Author(s):  
Brenda Rapp ◽  
Jeremy Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Written Word ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Neuropsychological

Most of the current understanding of how we produce written language comes from psycholinguistic and cognitive neuropsychological investigations. More recently, both neuroimaging and lesion-based investigations have provided valuable information not only regarding the neural bases of the cognitive processes of written language production, but also regarding key cognitive processes and representations. This chapter focuses on contributions to current understanding of written word production that come from the study of the brain. Four fundamental issues of cognitive representation and processing in spelling are reviewed: the distinction between orthographic long-term and working-memory; the distinction between lexical and sublexical spelling processes; the relationship between reading and spelling; and the role of abstract letter representations in spelling. It specifically highlights the neural findings that have contributed significantly to current understanding of these issues. In some cases, the neural data provide convergence with behavioral findings; in others, they constitute unique contributions. The work reviewed here exemplifies the role of neurolinguistics evidence in furthering understanding of language processing and representation.

Intersections of Childhood Victimization Experiences, Gender, and Dominance: The Makings for Sexual Coercion Transnationally?

2020 ◽  
pp. 105756772098265
Author(s):  
Aimée X. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Coercive Behavior ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although the use of sexual violence has been widely researched, data on sexual offending tend to be limited. Since adverse childhood experiences have been found to be correlated with being a victim of sexually coercive behavior, more research is needed to understand the impact of adverse childhood experiences on the perpetration of sexually coercive behaviors. Yet, there is little published research explaining such risk factors for sexually coercive behaviors and even less transnationally. This study seeks to expand the current literature by exploring the impact of violence and dominance-based beliefs on sexually coercive behaviors. Using data from the International Dating Violence Survey, the results from multilevel modeling regression analysis indicate that beliefs in relational dominance moderate the relationship between violent childhood experiences and sexually coercive behaviors. More importantly, despite theoretical premises that men engage in more sexually coercive behaviors, the results found that sexually coercive behaviors are more prevalent among those who hold dominance-based belief systems over intimate partners regardless of gender. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Choosing a Markov blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr
Keyword(s):  
Markov Blanket ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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