Multiscale Entrainment: A Primer in Prospective Cognition for Educational Researchers

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Jordan ◽  
Erica Ranade
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Action Perception ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Behavioral Synchrony

The purpose of this article is to compare traditional, cognitive approaches to studying human interaction to an alternative approach (i.e., multiscale entrainment) that is inspired by recent discoveries in cognitive neuroscience. Specifically, these findings indicate that mimicry, imitation, and behavioral synchrony share a common neurocircuitry that is (a) directly activated during interaction, (b) inherently social, (c) inherently prospective (i.e., anticipatory), and (d) inherently multiscale; it functions at the levels of action, perception, and cognition, simultaneously. In addition to providing a means of conceptually integrating research on mimicry, imitation, and synchrony, the notion of multiscale entrainment is consistent with research practices in the field of conversation analysis as well as recently developed techniques for measuring the multiscale contingencies that emerge between body movements, gestures, and speech acts during real-time interaction. In conclusion, the article examines attempts to measure multiscale entrainment within educational episodes.

scholarly journals Lies, defeasibility and morality-in-action: The interactional architecture of false claims in sales, telemarketing and debt collection work

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-858
Author(s):  
Nick Llewellyn ◽  
Andrea Whittle
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
The Mind

Lying is known to be endemic in a range of business settings. However, to date, studies have not analysed how lies surface, and are spontaneously managed, in ‘real time’ interaction. Drawing on video and audio recordings, in this article we analyse how actors account for false claims produced in different settings, namely sales, telemarketing and debt collection. Drawing on resources from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, lies are conceptualized as products of interactional organization, rather than, say, products of the mind or motives of social actors. Our analysis reveals the centrality of ‘epistemics’ for understanding how people handle, and seek to neutralize, the moral risks associated with false claims. Potential accusations of ‘lying’ are shown to be defeasible in light of claims that the speaker has ‘discovered’, ‘noticed’ or ‘remembered’ some pertinent detail. We recover practices through which false claims are transformed, with varying degrees of success, from nefarious to innocent accountings. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for wider questions about the reproduction of work cultures that rely upon deceit.

scholarly journals Interactive programming paradigm for real-time experimentation with remote living matter

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 5411-5419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Washington ◽  
Karina G. Samuel-Gama ◽  
Shirish Goyal ◽  
Ashwin Ramaswami ◽  
Ingmar H. Riedel-Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Programming Environments ◽  
Programming Paradigm ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Programming Knowledge

Recent advancements in life-science instrumentation and automation enable entirely new modes of human interaction with microbiological processes and corresponding applications for science and education through biology cloud laboratories. A critical barrier for remote and on-site life-science experimentation (for both experts and nonexperts alike) is the absence of suitable abstractions and interfaces for programming living matter. To this end we conceptualize a programming paradigm that provides stimulus and sensor control functions for real-time manipulation of physical biological matter. Additionally, a simulation mode facilitates higher user throughput, program debugging, and biophysical modeling. To evaluate this paradigm, we implemented a JavaScript-based web toolkit, “Bioty,” that supports real-time interaction with swarms of phototacticEuglenacells hosted on a cloud laboratory. Studies with remote and on-site users demonstrate that individuals with little to no biology knowledge and intermediate programming knowledge were able to successfully create and use scientific applications and games. This work informs the design of programming environments for controlling living matter in general, for living material microfabrication and swarm robotics applications, and for lowering the access barriers to the life sciences for professional and citizen scientists, learners, and the lay public.

scholarly journals Using Applied Conversation Analysis in Patient Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 233339362110129
Author(s):  
Sean N. Halpin ◽  
Michael Konomos ◽  
Kathryn Roulson
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Patient Education ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
History Of

The conversation strategies patients and clinicians use are important in determining patient satisfaction and adherence, and health outcomes following patient education—yet most studies are rife with surveys and interviews which often fail to account for real-time interaction. Conversation analysis (CA) is a powerful but underused sociological and linguistic technique aimed at understanding how interaction is accomplished in real-time. In the current manuscript, we provide a primer to CA in an effort to make the technique accessible to patient education researchers including; The history of CA, identifying and collecting data, transcription conventions, data analysis, and presenting the findings. Ultimately, this article provides an easily digestible demonstration of this analytic technique.

scholarly journals The endogenous construction of entrepreneurial contexts: A practice-based perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic M. Chalmers ◽  
Eleanor Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Interaction Data ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Practice Turn ◽  
Over Time

This article investigates ways through which entrepreneurship scholars can overcome some of the methodological weaknesses preventing a more refined understanding of context. It is suggested that a framework based upon insights from ethnomethodology, conversation analysis and broader ‘practice turn’ in organisation studies can offer new perspectives on the situated nature of entrepreneurial practices. This article contributes to entrepreneurship scholarship in two ways. First, through studying real-time interaction data, it is possible to empirically demonstrate how entrepreneurial actors negotiate contextual constraints as they emerge and dissipate over time. Second, this article provides a framework that we hope will encourage a greater focus on actual instances of practice in entrepreneurship scholarship – something that is currently underrepresented.

scholarly journals Adaptive Model for Biofeedback Data Flows Management in the Design of Interactive Immersive Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5067
Author(s):  
Paulo Veloso Gomes ◽  
António Marques ◽  
João Donga ◽  
Catarina Sá ◽  
António Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Adaptive Model ◽  
Multimodal Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Data Flows ◽  
Immersive Systems ◽  
Immersive Environment ◽  
The Relationship

The interactivity of an immersive environment comes up from the relationship that is established between the user and the system. This relationship results in a set of data exchanges between human and technological actors. The real-time biofeedback devices allow to collect in real time the biodata generated by the user during the exhibition. The analysis, processing and conversion of these biodata into multimodal data allows to relate the stimuli with the emotions they trigger. This work describes an adaptive model for biofeedback data flows management used in the design of interactive immersive systems. The use of an affective algorithm allows to identify the types of emotions felt by the user and the respective intensities. The mapping between stimuli and emotions creates a set of biodata that can be used as elements of interaction that will readjust the stimuli generated by the system. The real-time interaction generated by the evolution of the user’s emotional state and the stimuli generated by the system allows him to adapt attitudes and behaviors to the situations he faces.

scholarly journals Ecological mechanisms in cognitive science

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Golonka ◽  
Andrew D. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms

In 2010, Bechtel and Abrahamsen defined and described what it means to be a dynamic causal mechanistic explanatory model. They discussed the development of a mechanistic explanation of circadian rhythms as an exemplar of the process and challenged cognitive science to follow this example. This article takes on that challenge. A mechanistic model is one that accurately represents the real parts and operations of the mechanism being studied. These real components must be identified by an empirical programme that decomposes the system at the correct scale and localises the components in space and time. Psychological behaviour emerges from the nature of our real-time interaction with our environments—here we show that the correct scale to guide decomposition is picked out by the ecological perceptual information that enables that interaction. As proof of concept, we show that a simple model of coordinated rhythmic movement, grounded in information, is a genuine dynamical mechanistic explanation of many key coordination phenomena.

scholarly journals Direct biologically based biosensing of dynamic physiological function

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. H2006-H2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Christini ◽  
Jeff Walden ◽  
Jay M. Edelberg
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Excitable Tissue ◽  
Alternative Approach

Dynamic regulation of biological systems requires real-time assessment of relevant physiological needs. Biosensors, which transduce biological actions or reactions into signals amenable to processing, are well suited for such monitoring. Typically, in vivo biosensors approximate physiological function via the measurement of surrogate signals. The alternative approach presented here would be to use biologically based biosensors for the direct measurement of physiological activity via functional integration of relevant governing inputs. We show that an implanted excitable-tissue biosensor (excitable cardiac tissue) can be used as a real-time, integrated bioprocessor to analyze the complex inputs regulating a dynamic physiological variable (heart rate). This approach offers the potential for long-term biologically tuned quantification of endogenous physiological function.

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