scholarly journals Associations of Women’s Substance Dependency Symptoms With Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Feingold ◽  
Deborah M. Capaldi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hard Drugs

Associations of substance dependencies and experiences with intimate partner violence (IPV) were examined in a community sample of 146 female participants in a longitudinal study of couples. The women with a history of dependence on hard drugs (but not alcohol, cannabis, or sedatives) were more likely to also have perpetrated IPV. However, only women dependent on cocaine were more likely to have been a victimized by their male partners. Psychological IPV was found to be more stable across time than physical IPV, but associations of substance abuse with IPV did not vary by IPV type. Findings were compared with results from a prior study of men’s substance abuse and IPV that also found associations between dependence on hard drugs (but not alcohol dependence alone) and perpetration of IPV.

scholarly journals Violence and depression among pregnant women in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M. Ghoneim ◽  
Mohamed Elprince ◽  
Tamer Yehia M. Ali ◽  
Waleed F. Gharieb ◽  
Amal A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Depression is a serious mental health disorder that might affect women in the childbearing period. Incidences increase during pregnancy as well as after delivery. Its association with intimate partner violence (defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner) has been reported in many countries. Data about this sensitive issue are lacking in Egypt. The aim of the study was to determine the relation between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy. Methods This was a case control study conducted at the outpatient clinics in Suez Canal University hospital, from January 2019 to March 2020. The study included two groups, the study group included women exposed to violence during the current pregnancy and a control one included women with no history of violence. Both groups were recruited according to the predetermined inclusion criteria (women aged 18-45 years, continuous marital relationship, no history of depression in current or previous pregnancies, and singleton pregnancy). Women were asked to complete the Arabic validated NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (measuring four types of abuse: emotional, physical, sexual, and violence in the health care system, the last one being excluded). Depression was evaluated using the Arabic validated form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (comprises 10 questions that represent patients’ feelings in the last 7 days). The main outcome measure was to assess the association between intimate partner violence and depression. Results We recruited 158 women in each group. Both groups were matched in their demographic characters. Although emotional violence was reported prominently among women exposed to IPV 87.9% (139/158), it was not significantly reported in depressed women (P value 0.084). Physical and sexual violence were significantly reported among depressed women (P value 0.022 and 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between women exposed to violence and those who were not exposed to violence in the total depression scores (13.63 ± 5.47 and 10.65 ± 5.44, respectively with a p value < 0.001). Emotional (p value < 0.001) and sexual violence (mild and severe with p value of 0.026 and 0.002 respectively) had significant roles as risk factors for depression during pregnancy in single regression and after control of other confounders. Conclusion There was a strong association between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy.

Head Trauma in a Community-Based Sample of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence, Mechanisms of Injury and Symptom Presentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110163
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Meyer ◽  
Varna Jammula ◽  
Peter A. Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subconcussive Head Trauma

Objective. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of subconcussive head trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), potential hypoxic events, and hypoxic brain injury (HBI) in victims of physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The study also aimed to characterize the injury presentation and mechanisms of injury in this population. Method. A group of 47 female participants with a history of at least one relationship that included physical violence completed a structured interview assessing for subconcussive hits, TBI, and HBI. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 55, and had an average of 15.3 years of education. Forty-four participants completed the structured interview in person and three participants completed the interview over the phone. Results. The majority of participants reported sustaining at least one impact to the head and approximately half of the participants sustained at least one impact that resulted in a mild TBI. Approximately half of the participants experienced at least one incident of having difficulty breathing due to a violent act from their partner, and approximately one-third of participants reported symptoms consistent with mild HBI. The most common mechanisms of injury were being hit with a closed fist and being strangled. Conclusions. The high levels of head trauma observed in this study highlight the need for clinical and community providers to screen victims of physical IPV for head trauma. The unique characteristics of this population (female sex, high frequency of injuries, and presence of HBIs) indicate that research evaluating the cognitive effects of injuries in this population is needed.

scholarly journals Brain Injury and Mental Health Among the Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: A Case-Series Exploratory Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnur Karakurt ◽  
Kathleen Whiting ◽  
Stephen E. Jones ◽  
Mark J. Lowe ◽  
Stephen M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
History Of

Intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors frequently report face, head, and neck as their injury site. Many mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are undiagnosed or underreported among IPV survivors while these injuries may be linked to changes in brain function or pathology. TBI sustained due to IPV often occurs over time and ranges in severity. The aim of this case-series study was to explore risk factors, symptoms, and brain changes unique to survivors of intimate partner violence with suspicion of TBI. This case-series exploratory study examines the potential relationships among IPV, mental health issues, and TBI. Participants of this study included six women: 3 women with a history of IPV without any experience of concussive blunt force to the head, and 3 women with a history of IPV with concussive head trauma. Participants completed 7T MRI of the brain, self-report psychological questionnaires regarding their mental health, relationships, and IPV, and the Structured Clinical Interview. MRI scans were analyzed for cerebral hemorrhage, white matter disturbance, and cortical thinning. Results indicated significant differences in resting-state connectivity among survivors of partner violence as well as differences in relationship dynamics and mental health symptoms. White matter hyperintensities are also observed among the survivors. Developing guidelines and recommendations for TBI-risk screening, referrals, and appropriate service provision is crucial for the effective treatment of TBI-associated IPV. Early and accurate characterization of TBI in survivors of IPV may relieve certain neuropsychological consequences.

Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by College Women within the Context of a History of Victimization

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly N. Graves ◽  
Stacy M. Sechrist ◽  
Jacquelyn W. White ◽  
Matthew J. Paradise
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
College Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Violence Perpetration ◽  
History Of

Using a longitudinal design, the current study explored intimate partner violence perpetration among 1,300 college women within the context of one's history of physical and sexual victimization across 4 years of college. Structural equation modeling indicated that sexual victimization does not predict concurrent use of women's intimate partner violence but does predict subsequent use of women's intimate partner violence during the later years of college. In contrast, physical victimization is associated positively with concurrent use of women's intimate partner violence but is negatively associated with subsequent use of women's intimate partner violence for women. Furthermore, the negative relationship of victimization to subsequent perpetration primarily is due to those with high levels of victimization histories. The present study provides the first model of intimate partner violence within the context of victimization history using longitudinal data. The findings indicate that women's intimate partner violence perpetration is not context-free, but rather is influenced by their own physical and sexual victimization histories.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Intimate Partner Violence; Findings From a Community Sample of Hispanic Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110358
Author(s):  
Myriam Forster ◽  
Christopher J. Rogers ◽  
Bethany Rainisch ◽  
Timothy Grigsby ◽  
Carmen De La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
History Of

In the United States, a substantial proportion of the adult population (36% of women and 34% of men) from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds report experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) over the life course. Family risk factors have been linked to adolescent and young adult IPV involvement, yet few studies have examined the effect of multiple, co-occurring adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the stability and change of IPV behaviors over young adulthood—the period of highest risk for IPV. We investigated the relationship between the degree of ACE exposure and IPV victimization and perpetration at age 22 and two years later at age 24 among a sample of Hispanic young adults ( N= 1,273) in Southern California. Negative binomial regression models compared the incident rate ratio (IRR) of past-year verbal and physical IPV victimization and perpetration of respondents with 1–3 ACE and with ≥4 ACE to their peers who reported no history of ACE cross-sectionally (age 22) and longitudinally (age 24). At age 22, participants with 1–3 and ≥4 ACE were overrepresented in all IPV behaviors and had higher IRRs of verbal and physical victimization and perpetration compared to their peers with no ACE. By age 24, respondents with a history of ≥4 ACE were at significantly greater risk for escalating IPV behaviors over this time period than their peers with 1–3 ACE and no ACE. These findings highlight the importance of investing in coordinated efforts to develop strategies that help young people cope with the downstream effects of early life adversity. Research should continue to identify what individual, community, and cultural assets that promote resilience and are promising foci of IPV prevention approaches among vulnerable populations.

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