Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: Moving Toward a Comprehensive Conceptual Framework

Partner Abuse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
Brittney R. Chesworth
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Ipv Perpetration

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an urgent public health concern. Despite extensive research that has highlighted the heterogeneity of IPV perpetrators, the majority of treatment programs for perpetrators have taken a “one-size-fits-all” approach, which has rendered high rates of attrition and violence recidivism. More comprehensive intervention approaches are needed to address the individual treatment needs of IPV perpetrators. Intervention should be founded on a problem theory that delineates how the relevant sequelae are connected to the social problem in order to provide guidance on how it may be addressed. Accordingly, the primary aim of this article is to take an initial step toward improving IPV perpetrator intervention by examining current theory and offering a refined theoretical lens with which to view IPV perpetration. After a thorough examination of IPV perpetration, including the epidemiology, etiology, and implications for social welfare and social intervention, an in-depth review is provided on three key theories commonly applied to IPV perpetration: feminist theory, neurobiological theories of trauma, and attachment theory. This article concludes with a critique of each theory and the proposal of a new, more comprehensive conceptual model for understanding the risk factors of IPV perpetration.

Intimate Partner Violence

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey T. Taft ◽  
Adam D. LaMotte ◽  
Karina S. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Social Information Processing Theory ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Ipv Perpetration

Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a significant public health concern. Research has demonstrated that IPV can hold numerous and severe consequences for those victimized, and thus IPV necessitates effective evidence-based assessment, prevention, and treatment approaches. This chapter provides an overview of several different aspects of this phenomenon, starting with the definitions of distinct forms of IPV. Next, rates and consequences of IPV victimization are investigated. Additionally, four prominent theories of IPV perpetration are examined in conjunction with relevant research: feminist theory, social learning theory, I3 theory, and social information processing theory. Following, the chapter reviews different instruments developed to assess risk of IPV perpetration and victimization as well as the efficacy of existing interventions designed to treat and prevent IPV. Finally, important areas for future directions are discussed.

What Puts Individuals at Risk for Physical Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration? A Meta-Analysis Examining Risk Markers for Men and Women

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802092577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea M. Spencer ◽  
Sandra M. Stith ◽  
Bryan Cafferky
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Potential Factors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration is a serious public health concern around the world. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize all available data examining risk markers for physical IPV perpetration among men and women between 1980 and 2018. Studies were included in the analysis if they examined physical IPV in adult opposite-sex relationships, included statistical information needed to calculate at least one bivariate effect size, and were written in English. A total of 503 studies, yielding 2,972 unique effect sizes, were included in the analysis. Data from these studies allowed for the examination of 63 unique risk markers related to physical IPV perpetration for both men and women, 60 unique risk markers for male perpetration, and 45 unique risk markers for female perpetration. Lastly, we were able to compare the strength of 44 risk markers for physical IPV perpetration between men and women. We found that the strongest risk markers were related to other acts of violence (both perpetration and victimization) as well as relationship dynamics. Results from this study highlight the potential factors that could be focused on in prevention programming and intervention work. Additionally, it was found that 9 out of 44 risk markers significantly differed in strength for men and women, allowing for additional specificity in intervention work for helping professionals working with either male or female perpetrators of physical IPV.

Predictors of Discontinuation From Individual Treatment in Men Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence

Partner Abuse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. PA-2020-0042
Author(s):  
Audrey Brassard ◽  
Martin Belzile ◽  
Caroline Dugal ◽  
Kristin Gehl ◽  
Claudia Savard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Treatment Dropout ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Group Format

Practitioners working with male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) observe high rates of treatment dropout in their clientele, which can undermine their ability to reduce the occurrence of IPV. Studies have also mostly documented predictors of dropout from group-format IPV treatment programs, but not from individual-format treatment modalities. This study aimed to identify the predictors and key moments of dropout in 206 French-Canadian men seeking individual treatment for IPV. Results of Cox regression survival analyses indicate that age, education, employment, court-ordered treatment, adult attachment, and the number of perpetrated acts of psychological violence were significant predictors of dropout. Findings highlight the need to assess and target those predictors early in treatment to help men remain in therapy and prevent further use of IPV.

Examining the Relationships Between Childhood Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence, the Dark Tetrad of Personality, and Violence Perpetration in Adulthood

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052094851
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Plouffe ◽  
Claire A. Wilson ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Childhood Exposure ◽  
Ipv Perpetration

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major international public health concern that poses significant mental and physical health risks for affected individuals. To improve prevention efforts, it is imperative that researchers and government bodies understand risk factors for IPV. One such risk factor concerns the extent to which violence is intergenerational, such that exposure to violence predisposes individuals to engage in violence toward intimate partners. The purpose of this research is to assess childhood exposure to violence as a risk factor for perpetration of IPV in adulthood, and to evaluate the Dark Tetrad personality traits as mediators in this relationship. We recruited 153 men and 246 women (age range = 18–73, Mage = 33.50, SDage = 10.26) through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to complete a series of questionnaires and an open-ended IPV perpetration assessment. Results showed no relationship between IPV perpetration and childhood IPV exposure, indicating that mediation analyses were not possible. Possible explanations are discussed. Follow-up exploratory analyses demonstrated that gender moderated the relationships between childhood IPV exposure and levels of Factor 1 psychopathy and Machiavellianism. Specifically, men who were exposed to IPV in childhood were more likely to develop higher levels of Factor 1 psychopathy and Machiavellianism, whereas women were not. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of providing researchers and clinicians with a greater understanding of environmental events preceding maladaptive trait development. It is also important for researchers and clinicians to consider gender differences in pathways between exposure to IPV and subsequent development of dark personality traits. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

A Modified Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence With Intellectual Disabilities: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 153465012098176
Author(s):  
Rory T. Newlands ◽  
Lorraine T. Benuto
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Clinical Complexity ◽  
Informed Treatment

Women with intellectual disabilities are at a greater risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. While there is a dearth of research dedicated to the treatment of this population experts recommend behavioral based treatments. We present the case of a 37-year-old woman with low cognitive functioning who presented for treatment for depression and PTSD in relation to IPV victimization. An adapted version of the Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) informed treatment for victims of IPV was used to successfully treat the client. Several factors were considered in the development and delivery of the treatment, relevant to the client’s cognitive deficits and clinical complexity. This study suggests that (1) a modified DBT informed treatment can be successfully implemented with this population; (2) providing individual treatment with additional time to review skills is beneficial; (3) handouts and homework should be modified to increase understanding and retention; and (4) issues of self-esteem and validation should be addressed every session.

A Meta-Analysis of Latinx Acculturation and Intimate Partner Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam J. Alvarez ◽  
Sandra Oviedo Ramirez ◽  
Gabriel Frietze ◽  
Craig Field ◽  
Michael A. Zárate
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health concern that affects many Latinx couples. The present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively assess acculturation as a predictor of IPV among Latinxs and subgroup analyses to evaluate the effect size by gender and type of acculturation measure. Method: The meta-analysis implemented the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to retrieve studies assessing the relationship between acculturation and intimate partner victimization among foreign-born and U.S.-born Latinx adults. A fixed effects model (FEM) and a random effects model (REM) were employed. Additional subgroup analyses examined the strength of the relationship by gender and type of acculturation measure. Results: The meta-analysis included 27 independent effect sizes across 21 studies. An REM yielded a weighted average correlation of .11 (95% confidence interval [.02, .20]). The strength of the correlation differed by scale and ranged from −.003 to .47. For both men and women, higher acculturation was associated with increased IPV. Conclusions: Our results yielded three important findings: (1) the overall effect of acculturation on IPV is relatively small, (2) acculturation differentially influences male-to-female and female-to-male partner violence, and (3) the strength of the correlation between acculturation and IPV differs by scale. This body of work provides evidence for the effect of acculturation on IPV, with potential implications for interventions targeting Latinxs.

Assessing States’ Intimate Partner Violence Offender Treatment Standards using a Principles of Effective Intervention Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110500
Author(s):  
Tara N. Richards ◽  
Angela R. Gover ◽  
Caralin Branscum ◽  
Alyssa Nystrom ◽  
Taylor Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Offender Treatment ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Training Requirements

Court-ordered treatment programs are a widely used response to intimate partner violence (IPV) and many states have developed standards to guide programs. The current study provides an update to Maiuro and Eberle’s. (2008) review of states’ standards and extends the literature by using the principles of effective intervention (PEIs; i.e., risk, need, responsivity, treatment, and fidelity) as an organizational framework to examine standards. Findings showed that 84% of states had standards in 2020, compared to 88% in 2007, and extensive changes both within and across states’ standards had occurred. Regarding the PEIs, in line with the risk principle most states mandated the use of risk assessments; inconsistent with the needs principle, few states used these assessments to classify clients into risk levels or inform individualized treatment. The majority of standards addressed the treatment principle by outlining a required structure and duration, but few attended to responsivity factors (e.g., identifying treatment modalities, attending to specific client factors). Regarding the fidelity principle, most standards outlined education or training requirements for staff and required periodic program reviews or audits, but few standards were evidenced-based and only about half required that programs collect data to measure effectiveness. Taken together, findings suggest that standards have continued to evolve and that the integration of PEIs into IPV treatment is only just beginning. Standards provide a rich opportunity for future researcher–practitioner partnerships in the field of IPV intervention.

Chivalry vs. Patriarchy: Exploring the Psychological Mechanisms of Physical Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ara A'Court
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Ambivalent Sexism ◽  
Benevolent Sexism ◽  
Hostile Sexism ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ipv Perpetration ◽  
Gendered Theory ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Two leading theories propose different reasons for men’s and women’s intimate partner violence (IPV). The gendered theory proposes that society’s patriarchal norms of male dominance and female subordination cause men’s IPV towards women. From this perspective, violence against ‘wives’ is condoned by society, and women only perpetrate IPV in self-defence against men’s primary violence. Conversely, the chivalrous theory of IPV explains women’s IPV perpetration in terms of society’s chivalrous norms, which protect women from male violence and emboldens women to physically assault male partners. From this perspective, women’s violence is not considered harmful to men. As gendered theory and chivalrous theory both reference stereotyped gender attitudes (sexism) towards women, I used the ambivalent sexism inventory (ASI) to test the competing theories efficacy in explaining IPV perpetration by heterosexual men and women. The ASI conceptualises sexist attitudes towards women as comprised of two parts: hostile sexism (reflecting the hostility towards women outlined by gendered theory), and benevolent sexism (reflecting the benevolence towards women outlined by chivalrous theory). Gendered theory states that society condones violence towards women. Thus, men’s attitudes approving of male-perpetrated IPV should mediate the relationship between men’s hostile sexism and IPV, if gendered theory predictions are correct. Alternatively, chivalrous theory poses that society does not approve of violence towards women. Thus, attitudes disapproving of men’s IPV against women and approving of women’s IPV towards men should mediate the relationship between benevolent sexism and IPV if chivalrous theory is correct. I hypothesized men’s increased hostile sexism would predict men’s increased IPV perpetration through increased approval of IPV against women, and men’s increased benevolent sexism would predict men’s decreased IPV perpetration through decreased approval of IPV against women. Further, I hypothesised that women’s increased hostile sexism would predict women’s increased IPV perpetration through increased approval of IPV against men, and women’s benevolent sexism would predict increased IPV perpetration through increased approval of IPV against men. North American men and women (N = 688) filled out an online questionnaire measuring experiences of IPV as victims and/or perpetrators, approval of male and female IPV perpetration, and hostile and benevolent sexism. Multi-group structural equation modelling tested the extent to which positive attitudes toward intimate partner violence mediated the association between sexism and IPV perpetration for men and for women. Results found that, for both men and women, increased hostile sexism predicted greater IPV perpetration through greater approval of men’s IPV against women. Furthermore, increased benevolent sexism predicted women’s increased IPV perpetration through increased approval of men’s IPV against women. Men’s increased benevolent sexism did not predict men’s lower IPV perpetration or disapproval of IPV against women. However, men’s and women’s ambivalent sexism also predicted greater approval of women’s IPV towards men. Results did not fully support patriarchal or chivalrous predictions, instead aligning well with ambivalent sexism theory which posits a more inclusive and holistic understanding of the relationship between sexism and IPV perpetration. Reducing all forms of sexism and men’s and women’s positive attitudes toward the use of IPV are identified as important targets for IPV treatment and prevention.</p>

How Trauma, Depression, and Gender Roles Lead to Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among a Sample of Predominately Low-Income Black, Indigenous, Men of Color: A Mixed Methods Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052096713
Author(s):  
Laura A. Voith ◽  
Hyunjune Lee ◽  
Katie Russell
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Men Of Color ◽  
Ipv Perpetration

Despite decades of research and significant efforts by practitioners and advocates, intimate partner violence (IPV) in the United States remains a public health issue that disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities. The lack of mixed methods and qualitative studies, particularly with Black, Indigenous, Men of Color (BIMOC), limits the field’s ability to tease apart the complex, multifaceted aspects of IPV perpetration and minimizes diverse perspectives of how childhood trauma and key proximal factors culminate in IPV perpetration. An explanatory design, follow-up explanations model, was used with a sample of predominately low-income BIMOC in a batterer intervention program (BIP). Associations between IPV and theoretically supported factors (e.g., trauma symptoms, depression, gender roles) were examined using a cross-sectional survey ( N = 67) with ordinary least squares regression. Following up, processes explaining how these factors might lead to IPV perpetration were explored using semistructured interviews ( N = 11) with narrative analysis. Results indicate that depressive and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms together predict men’s IPV perpetration. Participants’ collective narrative explains how key factors—such as adverse childhood experiences, PTSD, depression, social isolation, anger, and restricted emotionality—work together to culminate in IPV perpetration. Findings shed light on potential trajectories and antecedents that manifest in IPV perpetration, providing implications for practice techniques and program development with low-income BIMOC in BIPs.

Physical and Emotional Intimate Partner Violence and Women’s Health in the First Year After Childbirth: An Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093442
Author(s):  
Kelly M. FitzPatrick ◽  
Stephanie Brown ◽  
Kelsey Hegarty ◽  
Fiona Mensah ◽  
Deirdre Gartland
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Pregnancy Cohort ◽  
Different Types

Intimate partner violence (IPV) can comprise physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and is a widespread public health concern. Despite increasing recognition that women experience different types of IPV, the majority of research has focused on physical IPV. The present study aims to examine associations between different types of IPV (physical, emotional, physical, and emotional) and women’s mental, physical, and sexual health by analyzing longitudinal data from a prospective pregnancy cohort of 1,507 first-time mothers in Melbourne, Australia. Questionnaires included validated measures of physical and mental health (Short Form Health Survey, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and IPV (Composite Abuse Scale). Emotional IPV alone was the most commonly reported type of IPV ( n = 128, 9.5%), followed by both physical and emotional IPV ( n = 76, 5.7%), and then physical IPV alone ( n = 30, 2.2%). Women reporting emotional IPV or physical and emotional IPV had increased odds of poor health compared with women reporting no IPV. Experience of physical and emotional IPV was most strongly associated with mental health issues, including depressive symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.9, 7.1]) and self-reported anxiety (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI = [1.9, 4.4]). Experience of emotional IPV alone was associated with poor mental health as well as physical factors, including poor general physical health (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI = [1.2, 3.1]), and pain during sex (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI = [1.2, 2.7]). Increased odds of poor body image were also observed for women reporting emotional IPV alone and physical and emotional IPV. These findings highlight the need for greater awareness of the diversity in women’s experiences of IPV among health care providers. This includes understanding the prevalence of emotional IPV among new mothers, and the range of health problems that are more common for women experiencing IPV.

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