Measurement Adequacy of Parenting and Children’s Functional Status in African American and Latino Families

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina T. Wong ◽  
Anita L. Stewart ◽  
Steven E. Gregorich
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Parent Behavior ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Functional Status Questionnaire ◽  
Acceptable Reliability

To examine the psychometric adequacy of two existing instruments, the Functional Status Questionnaire (FS IIR) and the Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC), in two ethnic minority groups. Age-specific items that were not relevant for children ages 1 to 5 were removed from the FS IIR and PBC. Measures were administered to 196 Latino and African American parents of children aged 1 to 5. Reliability, variability, item-convergence, and factor structure were examined. The results highlight common pitfalls in using existing measures in populations other than those on which they were originally developed. Both measures were modified resulting in all scales having low or acceptable reliability. Construct validity was supported for both the FS IIR and the PBC through confirmation of hypothesized relationships. In both ethnic groups, factor analyses supported the hypothesized factor solutions for the FS IIR and the PBC. Use of measures in minority groups requires researchers to be cognizant of the issues of psychometric adequacy in all groups. The psychometric properties of the FS IIR and the PBC were generally acceptable for Hispanics and African Americans, but each had some problems in at least one psychometric characteristic in one or both groups. Different factor loadings for some items for Hispanics and African Americans suggest different interpretation of items between the two cultural groups.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Social Predictors of Weight-related Measures in Underserved African-Americans in the PATH Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler McDaniel ◽  
Dawn K. Wilson ◽  
Sandra M. Coulon ◽  
Gregory A. Hand ◽  
E. Rebekah Siceloff
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Social Predictors ◽  
African American Adults

<p class="Default"> </p><p>African Americans have the highest rate of obesity in the United States relative to other ethnic minority groups. Bioecologi­cal factors including neighborhood social and physical environmental variables may be important predictors of weight-related measures specifically body mass index (BMI) in African American adults. Baseline data from the Positive Action for Today’s Health (PATH) trial were collected from 417 African American adults. Overall a multiple regression model for BMI was significant, showing positive associations with average daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (B =-.21, <em>P</em>&lt;.01) and neighbor­hood social interaction (B =-.13, <em>P</em>&lt;.01). Consistent with previous literature, results show that neighborhood social interac­tion was associated with healthier BMI, highlighting it as a potential critical factor for future interventions in underserved, African American communities. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2015; 25(4):405-412; doi:10.18865/ed.25.4.405</p>

scholarly journals Patterns and Predictors of ADRD Among Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 612-612
Author(s):  
Laura Zahodne ◽  
Cerise Elliott
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethnic Minority Group ◽  
Arab Americans ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
National Data ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract This symposium addresses issues surrounding Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) across multiple racial/ethnic minority groups, including African Americans, Latinos, and Arab Americans. Using US national data, Kindratt and colleagues challenge the universality of the healthy migrant effect by comparing patterns of cognitive disability across US- and foreign-born Arab Americans. Arab Americans represent an increasingly visible ethnic minority group whose unique history has the potential to clarify knowledge about sociocultural influences on ADRD. Also using US national data, Garcia and colleagues examine within-group heterogeneity among Latinos. They conclude that the number of years and proportion of life spent with and without subjective cognitive impairment differ as a function of ancestry and nativity. Using data from two local communities, Diminich and colleagues investigate mechanisms underlying ADRD risk among Latinos by considering both stress responding and plasma-based AD biomarkers as predictors of Latino cognitive health. Lee and colleagues focus on social relationships and cognitive aging in a diverse, national cohort. They suggest that the quality of social support from social network members may uniquely affect the cognitive functioning of African Americans older adults. Finally, Cerise Elliott from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) will offer perspectives on how racial/ethnic minority group focused research can advance NIA’s goals related to understanding and eliminating ADRD inequalities. In total, this symposium highlights the need to disaggregate racial/ethnic groups, as well as the importance of incorporating both individual and contextual factors in order to fully understand patterns of ADRD risk and resilience.

Ethnic minority membership and depression in the UK and America

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Holttum
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Older People ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss two recent studies on depression in members of ethnic minorities, one based in the UK with older people, and one in the USA. The aim was to examine what might lead to depression in these groups, and what might protect people from it. Design/methodology/approach The UK-based study examined depression and physical health in older members of the two largest ethnic minority groups in the UK: African Caribbean and South Asian. The US-based study examined whether a sense of belonging to the population group African Americans protected people from depression, as one social theory might predict, or whether racism prevented this protection, as predicted by another theory. Findings In London-based older South Asians, depression was explained by their poorer physical health compared to white Europeans. In older people of black Caribbean origin, depression was linked to their social disadvantage. The researchers did not measure people’s experience of discrimination, and other research suggests this can explain both physical illness and depression. The US-based study reported better well-being for people who identified with other African Americans, but not if they also felt negative about African Americans. However, these were weak links, so other things may affect well-being more, such as day-to-day relationships and a range of group memberships. Originality/value The London-based study was new in studying depression in older people belonging to the two largest ethnic minority groups in the UK and in white Europeans. The US study tested two competing social theories with different predictions about depression in relation to belonging to an ethnic minority. Both studies highlight the need for more research on discrimination and how to reduce it and its negative effects on both mental and physical health.

The Effects of Teacher Style on Year One Aboriginal Children’s Reading Achievement

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Teacher Behaviour ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Educational Achievements ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Student Achievements ◽  
Ethnic Group Membership

Since the mid-1950’s, educational literature has reflected a deep concern for the relatively poor academic performance of children from particular ethnic minority groups. In the United States, for example, attention has focused on the low achievements of many Negro, Spanish and Indian children, and in Australia there is an increasing concern with the educational achievements of numbers of Aborigines. The data collected to date suggest that a child’s ethnic group membership makes an important contribution to his success in school. More specifically, the data raise the very broad issue of educability of children from some socio-economic and sub-cultural groups.In most instances educability has been closely linked with teacher performance, suggesting that teachers play an important role in determining their pupil’s behaviours and achievements. It is this possible link between teacher behaviour and student achievement which has provided the impetus for much of the educational research focusing on the influence of the teacher. This area of research, however, is not characterized by a large number of conclusive studies. Nevertheless, some encouraging trends can be noted to indicate a possible relationship between the teacher variable and student achievements and behaviours.

scholarly journals Professional societies and African American engineering leaders: Paving pathways and empowering legacies

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine S. Grant ◽  
Tonya Peeples ◽  
Lynnette D. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Howard University ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Mathematics

Diversity and inclusion in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is a global issue. The challenging issues facing the world relating to STEM diversity cross national borders and require leveraging the talents of diverse constituents.1Active international efforts at inclusive talent development are being undertaken to empower persons from groups historically underrepresented in STEM communities.2,3The US National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME) reports that in the United States, African Americans are one of the most underrepresented minority groups in engineering relative to their population. This is in spite of a great deal of progress in “growing African American scientists, engineers, and technologists since the Howard University School of Engineering opened in 1910.”4The number of African Americans in engineering at all degree levels is not representative of their percentage in the US population. Table I shows a sampling of 2016 data from a National Science Foundation (NSF) survey of doctoral recipients in engineering.5Figure 1 illustrates a snapshot of African American representation in US colleges of engineering. These statistics show that African Americans remain underrepresented relative to US demographics.6–8

scholarly journals The relation of minority group�s sport attainment to counter racism: African-American at the movie 42

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Triastama Wiraatmaja
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Auteur Theory ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Relationship Of

This study was conducted to determine the efforts made by minority groups who are being oppressed by racism based on context-relationship of African Americans at the movie 42 (2013). Findings of this article based on qualitative studies with auteur theory, and mise-en scene, undertaken in movie 42 (2013) regarding racism towards minority groups, African-American, and by implementing thick description the researcher highlighted minority group�s achievement�s at the movie 42 in the field of Sports and the relation to life-betterment. The result revealed that racism towards minority group had emerged because of the so-called white�s supremacy concept. This study found that African American as minority group were able to alter their life despite of racism through equal sport�s opportunity. Besides, this study has highlighted one pivotal area in which any minority group should concern to enhance their life; sports. Moreover, even though this study focusing more on the relation of the effort�s made by minority group at America, this study illustrates the importance of having initiatives in providing better opportunity related to sports to ensure a better life opportunity among minority groups all over the globe.

scholarly journals Web-Based Tobacco Cessation Interventions and Digital Inequality across US Racial/Ethnic Groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Webb Hooper ◽  
Kelly M. Carpenter ◽  
Erica E. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The Web

Introduction: Internet-based tobacco ces­sation programs have increased in use and popularity in recent years. To examine evi­dence for racial/ethnic digital inequality in web-only tobacco cessation services offered by US tobacco quitlines, we conducted an analysis of quitline enrollees in five states. We hypothesized that racial/ethnic minori­ties would demonstrate lower enrollment and utilization of a web-only tobacco cessa­tion program.Methods: The sample includes enrollees into five state quitlines whose service op­tions included a web-only program in 2015 (N=32,989). Outcomes included web-entry into the quitline, web-only enrollment, establishment of a web account, and the number of times users logged into the pro­gram. Regression models tested associations with race/ethnicity.Results: Compared with Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians/ Alaska Natives, and “others” were less likely to enter the quitline via the web (Ps<.01) and enroll in a web-only (vs counsel­ing) program (Ps<.01). Among web-only program enrollees, all racial/ethnic minority groups were significantly less likely than Whites to establish an online account (Ps<.03), and African Americans were less likely than Whites to log in to the web-only service (P<.01).Conclusions: This study suggests that digital inequalities exist in web-based tobacco ces­sation services. Findings have implications for the development and implementation of digital tobacco interventions for racial/ethnic minority communities. The proliferation of digital tobacco interventions could increase disparities, as members of racial/ethnic minority groups may not engage in these interventions.Implications: The proliferation of digital interventions has the potential to increase tobacco-related disparities, as members of racial/ethnic minority groups may not enroll in, or engage in, such interventions. As the field moves to digitize tobacco interven­tions, we must remain cognizant of persis­tent digital inequalities and the potential for widening racial/ethnic tobacco cessation disparities. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):495-504; doi:10.18865/ed.29.3.495

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Differences in Perceptions of, and Barriers to, Cost-of-Care Conversations Among Older Adults in Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
Kyaien Conner ◽  
Jacqueline Wiltshire ◽  
Erica Anderson ◽  
Edlin Garcia Colato ◽  
Iraida Carrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Differences ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Cost of care conversations (CoC) between patients and doctors have been shown to lower overall healthcare and patients’ costs. How, it is unclear why CoC are not occurring more frequently among high cost patients such as older adults. To address this important question, we conducted three race-stratified focus groups (n=10 Whites, n=9 African Americans, and n=8 Latino/Hispanics) to assess perceptions about, and barriers to, CoC in a convenient sample of adults ages ≥65 from Adult Centers in Tampa Bay, Florida. An inductive content analysis approach was utilized by research team members to analyze qualitative data. Findings indicated that CoC are not occurring. White participants perceived that CoC were not occurring because they did not have issues paying for care. African Americans perceived that CoC were not occurring because doctors are not trained to understand finances, insurance, and medical billing. Latinos/Hispanics perceived that doctors are meant to take care of patients, and receptionists, administrators and billing departments should handle CoC. Wait time and perceived stress/rush of doctors were identified as CoC barriers for whites, while doctors’ attitude was a barrier for Blacks/African Americans, and perceptions about CoC being “taboo” was a major barrier for Latinos/Hispanics. Overall, participants indicate that it is easier to have CoC if they had developed a good rapport with the doctor, had confidence in the doctor, and felt the doctor was interested in and cared about them. The findings suggest that promoting CoC among older adults will require addressing social and cultural concerns of racial/ethnic minority groups.

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