scholarly journals Community Effects of Police-Related Deaths: Associations With Low Birthweight Births and Poverty Among US Counties

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Aruna Chandran ◽  
Stephanie Irwin ◽  
Cassandra Crifasi ◽  
Lorraine T. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Effects ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Us Counties

Police-related deaths are a public health problem; however, their effects on community-level reproductive health outcomes remain largely unexplored. Among US counties with populations >100,000 (N = 580), we examined the longitudinal association between police-related deaths and rates of low birthweight (LBW) (<2,500 grams) deliveries, with counties stratified by quartiles of poverty. In the two lowest poverty quartiles, two or more police-related deaths were associated with a 5% (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.09) and 10% (IRR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.15) higher rate of LBW births, respectively. The effect was not significant in the two highest poverty quartiles. No counties are “immune” from the important effects of police-related deaths and therefore the public health importance of police violence is a ubiquitous one regardless of social class or position.

Scoping public health problems

2020 ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bammer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Public

This chapter aims to help you figure out what you can most effectively do, within the constraints of the resources you have, to address the public health problem you are concerned with.

Scoping public health problems

2013 ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bammer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
The Public

This chapter aims to help you figure out what you can most effectively do, within the constraints of the resources you have, to address the public health problem you are concerned with.

scholarly journals A survey of the causes of cattle organs and/or carcass condemnation, financial losses and magnitude of foetal wastage at an abattoir in Dodoma, Tanzania

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred Tembo ◽  
Hezron E. Nonga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Financial Losses

Slaughterhouses provide a safeguard that prevents the public from consuming meat of poor quality or meat which may be infected with zoonotic diseases. This work reviews a 3-year database of cattle that were slaughtered and inspected between 2010 and 2012 at Dodoma abattoir, Tanzania. In addition, meat inspection was undertaken for 1 month (December 2013). The aim of this study was to establish causes of organ and carcass condemnations and their financial implications as well as the magnitude of slaughter of pregnant cows at Dodoma abattoir. During retrospective study, it was found that a total of 9015 (10.5%) lungs, 6276 (7.3%) intestines, 5402 (6.3%) livers, 3291 (3.8%) kidneys and 41 (0.05%) carcasses were condemned. Pulmonary emphysema (3.4%), fasciolosis (4.5%), pimply gut (5.7%), kidney congenital cysts (1.9%) and hydatidosis (3.1%) were major causes of organ condemnations. This large number of condemned edible organs and/or carcasses implies that public health considerations result in deprivation of valuable protein. Occurrence of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, fasciolosis and tuberculosis illustrates the possible public health problem and presence of environmental infections. Of the 794 cows slaughtered in December 2013, 46% were pregnant. Financial loss as a result of organ and/or carcass condemnations was estimated at $9892. Condemnation of organs and/or carcasses and indiscriminate slaughter of pregnant cows represent a significant loss of meat and revenue and a reduction in growth of future herds, which has a negative effect on the livestock industry. This justifies appropriate surveillance and disease control programmes coupled with strict enforcement of legislation governing animal welfare to curb the slaughter of pregnant animals.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, public health and the problem of personality disorder

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (S44) ◽  
pp. s3-s10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Coid
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Comprehensive Method

BackgroundThe public health problem-solving paradigm is a comprehensive method not previously applied to preventive interventions for personality disorder.AimsTo present an overview for clinical psychiatrists.MethodReview of epidemiological research into DSM–IV Axis II disorders and application to the paradigm.ResultsPersonality disorder affects a substantial proportion of the population. Burdens on health care, social and criminal justice agencies have yet to be accurately quantified. Debates continue over case definition, but there is increasing information on prevalence using ‘broad’ definitions and aetiology. A conceptual framework, based on development, suggests preventive interventions should be targeted in childhood. The public health approach also requires monitoring of risk factors operating at the population level.ConclusionsServices in England and Wales for persons with personality disorder are currently inadequate. The problem-solving paradigm suggests new preventive interventions. Psychiatrists should renegotiate their relationship with policy-makers and reconsider their preventive role.

Does Anaemia Have Major Public Health Importance in Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Duggina Fanigo District of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia?

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Samuel Tiku ◽  
Tefera Chane Mekonnen ◽  
Shimelash Bitew Workie ◽  
Endale Amare
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Importance

Background: Globally, a large number of children aged 6–59 months are affected by anaemia. In Ethiopia, like other developing countries, more than 40% of children under 5 years are affected by anaemia. Anaemia during infancy and childhood period is associated with poor health and impaired cognitive development, leading to reduced academic achievement and earning potential in their adult life. The aim of this research was to assess whether anaemia remained a major public health problem among children aged 6–59 months or not in Duggina Fanigo District of Wolaita Zone, South Ethiopia in 2016. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2016, on 404 mothers with children aged 6–59 months who were selected through the systematic sampling method. Socio-demographic and other data on associated factors was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Capillary blood was taken from the fingertip of each child and hemoglobin was measured using Haemo-Cue digital photometer. All the necessary safety measures were taken during blood collection. Data analysis was made using SPSS version 21. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of independent variables with outcome variables and to control the possible confounding factors. Result: The overall prevalence of anaemia was 51.4%. Anaemia was common among young children as compared to older children. After controlling the effect of confounding and adjusting for age, gender and altitude, explanatory variables like low dietary diversity (AOR = 3.24; 95% CI [1.68–6.23]), food insecurity (AOR = 3.63; 95% CI [2.18–6.04]), stunting (AOR = 2.60; 95% CI [1.56–4.35]), underweight (AOR = 2.46; 95% CI [1.29–4.67]) and fever within 2 weeks (AOR = 2.49; 95% CI [1.29–4.81]) prior to the survey were significantly associated with anaemia. In conclusion, the overall prevalence of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months has remained a major public health importance in the study area. Integrated efforts need to be prioritized to improve the health as well as the nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months through appropriate feeding practices in infants and children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document