Vaccination Barriers for Adults

The growth of childhood vaccination in India has been increased over the past two decades as >25% of deaths due to infections are prevented with the help of vaccines. Vaccination is also recommended for adults where adult vaccination is mostly ignored in India. In India, childhood vaccination is considered the main priority, WHO has also issued guidelines for childhood vaccination. Generally, adults have less susceptible to traditional infectious agents but the probability of exposure to the infectious agents has increased. SO the problem of adult immunization should be considered. Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in adults are more neglected. There are many reasons for the causes of the VPDs in adults. These can be prevented by immunization among adults. Each country should provide a proper guideline for adult vaccination. When it comes to India, our country doesn’t have proper guidelines for Adult immunization. As to decrease the morbidity and mortality in the life of a person the vaccine uptake for the immunization must be ensured. This article mainly focuses on the vaccine-preventable disease in India with the role of adult immunizations and the steps to ensure the betterment of the vaccine uptake among the adults.

The Influence of Father and Mother's Joint Decision Making on Children's Basic Immunization:Empirical Research on Indonesia's Demographic and Health Survey 2017

The 2017 diphtheria outbreaks in Indonesia shows the downside of inadequate immunization for certain group that could endanger public health. Despite years of government intervention on this vaccine-preventable disease, insofar mandating basic vaccination for children from an early age, ultimately, it is parents that will decide on having their children being immunized. Utilizing the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, this study aims to uncover the association between parents' decision-making processes and their demographic variables to their children's immunization completion status. Logistic regression suggests discussion between parents in household's major purchases, more likely to result in complete basic immunization for their children. Additionally, mothers' traits, which are education, frequency of access to mass media, and exposure to medical professionals, are positively associated with compliance with basic vaccines administration. Differences in compliance can also be observed in children's gender and order of birth.

Case for mandatory COVID-19 vaccinations for workers in health and aged care settings: a guide for leaders

BackgroundThis brief paper provides an overview of the analysis in support of mandating COVID-19 vaccinations for all workers in health and aged care settings in Australia. Leaders of health and aged care organisations have a duty of care under work health and safety legislation to eliminate and/or control the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable disease in their facilities, including COVID-19.MethodsKey issues that should be considered by healthcare leaders when mandating that all health and aged care workers be vaccinated against COVID-19 were analysed by executives from a large Australian national health and aged care provider and discussed in this paper.ResultsThis paper summarises the medical/scientific, ethical, legal, work health and safety, workers’ compensation and industrial relations considerations when mandating COVID-19 vaccination for healthcare workers.ConclusionLeaders of health and aged care organisations must provide a safe environment and workplace for all those who work for them, as well as for those who receive care or treatment at one of their facilities. It is hoped that this paper will assist leaders of healthcare organisations in making their own decisions during this time.

Full childhood immunization coverage and incidence of vaccine preventable disease in Nigeria: a regression analysis

Background: Childhood immunization contributes significantly in the reduction of cases of vaccine preventable diseases in children. DHIS2 data showed that only 60.59% of children under one were fully immunized in 2020. This implies that 39.41% did not receive all recommended vaccinations therefore at risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases. This study therefore examined the effect of full immunization coverage on incidence of vaccine preventable diseases.Methods: Full childhood immunization coverage and incidence of vaccine preventable disease was examined using simple linear regression model at 5% level of significance and 95% confidence interval. Measles new case for children under five was the dependent variable while children under one fully immunized was the independent variable. Data was retrieved from DHIS2 for the period 2017-2020.Results: The study showed a negative relationship between full immunization coverage and incidence of under-five measles new cases. The study found that any unit increase in full immunization coverage would lead to decrease in measles cases by 6%.Conclusions: Full immunization coverage is still low (below WHO target of 80%) despite effort by government and partners. This implies that a lot of children are at risk of contracting vaccine preventable diseases. In order to avert this risk, health authorities and partners should devise appropriate means of educating the populace on the importance of childhood immunization.

Progress on Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Vaccines

Influenza is a vaccine-preventable disease and vaccination is the most effective way of controlling seasonal influenza infections and preventing possible pandemic events [...]

Online misinformation and vaccine hesitancy

Lay Summary Vaccine hesitancy, the rejection or delay to get vaccinated even if there is an effective vaccine available, may be instrumental in the resurgence of vaccine-preventable disease. Studies have shown that the rise in nonmedical exemptions for vaccination increases rates of childhood vaccine-preventable disease. One factor that influences vaccine hesitancy is online misinformation. False or misleading information online regarding vaccines can be found in independent news outlets, websites, and social media. The spread of vaccine misinformation is especially important during the COVID-19 pandemic as false information can decrease pro-vaccine opinions. The recent announcement of an effective COVID-19 vaccine became a hot topic online, with many adults hesitant to take the vaccine. Public health experts, medical professionals, and pro-vaccine individuals can help curb the spread of misinformation by correcting false statements online. Social media companies can also aid in stopping misinformation by implementing and enforcing policy that limits misinformation on their platforms.

Evaluasi Cold Chain Management Vaksin di Puskesmas Kabupaten Jember

Immunization is the most cost-effective health prevention method to suppress the incidence of vaccine-preventable disease. Immunization Program in Jember district is still not optimal with many vaccine-preventable disease cases found. Another problem found in Jember is the management of logistics vaccine that is still not optimal. Based on the activity plan report of ORI Difteri 2018, it is known that the logistics needs of some vaccines do not comply with the allocation received by Jember regency of the province. This condition This was a descriptive study using questionaire and observations data as well as the documentation study of the annual Report of Health Pharmacy Installation (IFK) year 2019. Respondent to this study were immunization officers at primary health care of Jember District. The result of cold chain management evaluation is known that the most are good enaugh. In some primary health care are still hampered insufficient means so that the maintenance of vaccine is still not optimalBased on the result that cold chain management evaluation, the knowledge officer on cold chain management is still lacking good. In the some primary health care, it is known that the equipment canstraints are unavailable. While in the conformity of temperature only one primary helath care is not recommended. And stirage activities are mostly in accordance with SOP.

No Such Thing as a Free-Rider? Understanding Drivers of Childhood and Adult Vaccination through a Multicountry Discrete Choice Experiment

Increased vaccine hesitancy and refusal negatively affects vaccine uptake, leading to the reemergence of vaccine preventable diseases. We aim to quantify the relative importance of factors people consider when making vaccine decisions for themselves, or for their child, with specific attention for underlying motives arising from context, such as required effort (accessibility) and opportunism (free riding on herd immunity). We documented attitudes towards vaccination and performed a discrete choice experiment in 4802 respondents in The United Kingdom, France and Belgium, eliciting preferences for six attributes: (1) vaccine effectiveness, (2) vaccine preventable disease burden, (3) vaccine accessibility in terms of copayment, vaccinator and administrative requirements, (4) frequency of mild vaccine-related side-effects, (5) vaccination coverage in the country’s population and (6) local vaccination coverage in personal networks. We distinguished adults deciding on vaccination for themselves from parents deciding for their youngest child. While all attributes were found to be significant, vaccine effectiveness and accessibility stood out in all (sub)samples, followed by vaccine preventable disease burden. We confirmed that people attach more value to severity of disease compared to its frequency, and discovered that peer influence dominates free-rider motives, especially for the vaccination of children. These behavioral data are insightful for policy and are essential to parameterize dynamic vaccination behavior in simulation models. In contrast to what most game theoretical models assume, social norms dominate free-rider incentives. Policy-makers and healthcare workers should actively communicate on high vaccination coverage, and draw attention to the effectiveness of vaccines while optimizing their practical accessibility.

Impact of Vaccine Failure on the Transmission Dynamics of Measles in Nigeria

Measles is a vaccine preventable disease. However, it is still a major public health challenge in Nigeria.We therefore formulate a mathematical model for the transmission of measles with a two dose vaccination strategy and weaning of vaccine derived immunity. Using weekly measles cases for Nigeria in 2020 from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC), the model was validated. This modelling study via numerical simulations showed that there is a possibility of disease control with a ten fold increase in the vaccination rates. Also, it was shown that primary vaccine failure has more impact on disease dynamics than secondary vaccine failure. Thus control strategies should not just focus on increase the vaccination rates but also look at measures that will help in reducing primary vaccine failure.