SOIL-SOLUTION SPECIATION OF Cd AS AFFECTED BY SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN UNPOLLUTED AND POLLUTED SOILS

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Meers ◽  
Virginia Unamuno ◽  
Michiel Vandegehuchte ◽  
Karolien Vanbroekhoven ◽  
Wouter Geebelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Solution Speciation

Zn in the soil solution of unpolluted and polluted soils as affected by soil characteristics

Geoderma ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Meers ◽  
V.R. Unamuno ◽  
G. Du Laing ◽  
J. Vangronsveld ◽  
K. Vanbroekhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Polluted Soils

Soil Solution Speciation of Lead(II): Effects of Organic Matter and pH

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Sauvé ◽  
Murray McBride ◽  
William Hendershot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Solution Speciation

Soil characteristics and water potential effects on plant-available clomazone in rice

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-Jin Lee ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
John H. O'Barr ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
L. Jason Krutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Soil Environment

Clomazone has been successfully used for weed control in rice, but crop injury is a potential problem on light-textured soils. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of soil characteristics and water potential on plant-available clomazone and rice injury. A centrifugal double-tube technique was used to determine plant-available concentration in soil solution (ACSS), total amount available in soil solution (TASS), and Kdvalues for clomazone on four soils at four water potentials. A rice bioassay was conducted parallel to the plant-available study to correlate biological availability to ACSS, TASS, and Kd. TASS was significantly different in all soils. The order of increasing TASS for the soils studied was Morey < Edna < Nada < Crowley, which correlated well with soil characteristics. The order of increasing TASS after equilibrium was − 90 < − 75 < − 33 < 0 kPa. TASS values at 0 kPa were greater than two times the TASS values at − 90 kPa. It appears that severe rice injury from clomazone on these soils could occur if TASS > 110 ng g−1and Kd< 1.1 ml g−1. We propose that the double-tube technique provides a more accurate estimate of available herbicide because the solution–soil ratios are < 0.33:1 and would be more representative of a plant root–herbicide relationship. This technique or some variation possibly could be further developed such that clomazone rates could be more clearly defined particularly on lighter-textured soils. TASS may be a better predictor of plant-available herbicide than ACSS when evaluating moderately to highly water-soluble herbicides in a nonsaturated soil environment.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS RELEASED FROM ASHES AFTER A WILDFIRE

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Xavier Úbeda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Soil And Water

Heavy Metals (HM) in great amounts in soil and water resources can cause coercive effects in the environment and human health. Ash contains high quantities of HM that depend on combusted species, type and part burned and soil characteristics. After a fire, the HM released from ash can lead to a soil solution and water resources contamination. This liberation of HM in solution can be highly variable across the affected area. This work pretends to study the spatial variation of the HM ‐ Aluminium (Al3+), Manganese (Mn2+), Iron (Fe2+) and Zinc (Zn2+) ‐ in a Quercus suber and Pinus pinaster stand affected by a wildfire in Portugal, applying some interpolation methods. The results showed that on average across the plot, Al3+ was the HM released in higher quantities and Zn2+ in lower. The higher variability was observed in Zn2+ and in Fe2+. The interpolation methods assessed showed that polynomial regression (PR) method was the more accurate to predict the distribution of the HM across the plot. Al3+ and Mn2+ showed a rise in their concentration from south towards north section of the plot, and Fe2+ and Zn2+ a decrease from northwest to southeast section of the plot. The liberation of Al3+and Mn2+ is related with species burning severity, and Fe2+ and Zn2+ with plot topography. The fire evolution across the plot and the consequent rising temperatures can have higher impacts than burned species in HM spatial variability. Over time, with the decreasing ash pH, HM will become more mobile and will be released in soil solution, with potential coercive effects in the environment. Santrauka Dideles sunkiuju metalu (SM) koncentracijos dirvožemyje ir vandenyje gali sukelti pavoju aplinkai ir žmogaus sveikatai. Pelenuose aptinkamos dideles SM koncentracijos, kurios priklauso nuo sudegusio medžio rūšies, tipo, sudegusios medžio dalies ir dirvožemio savybiu. Po gaisro iš pelenu pasišalinantys SM patenka i dirvožemio tirpala ir gali sukelti vandens ištekliu tarša. SM išsiskyrimas iš pelenu teritorijos plote gali kisti. Darbe taikant interpoliacinius metodus tiriama SM — aliuminio (Al3+), mangano (Mn2+), geležies (Fe2+) ir cinko (Zn2+) ‐ pasiskirstymas teritorijoje po Quercus suber ir Pinus pinaster miško gaisro Portugalijoje. Iš rezultatu matyti, kad nagrinejamoje teritorijoje vidutiniškai didžiausios koncentracijos pasiskirste Al3+, o mažiausios ‐ Zn2+. Didžiausi koncentraciju pokyčiai buvo būdingi Zn2+ ir Fe2+. Iš taikytu interpo‐liaciniu metodu, prognozuojant SM pasiskirstyma teritorijoje, tikslesnis buvo polinomines regresijos metodas. Al3+ ir Mn2+ koncentraciju padidejimas nustatytas iš pietines teritorijos dalies šiaurinCs link, o Fe2+ ir Zn2+ ‐ sumažejimas iš šiaures vakaru dalies pietrytines teritorijos dalies link. Al3+ ir Mn2+ išsiskyrimas iš pelenu priklause nuo gaisro intensyvumo, o Fe2+ ir Zn2+ ‐ nuo teritorijos topografijos. Gaisro intensyvumo pokyčiai teritorijoje ir su tuo susijes temperatūros kilimas gali tureti didesnes itakos SM pasiskirstymui teritorijoje negu sudegusiu medžiu rūšys. Laikui begant ir kintant pelenu pH, SM tampa judresni, tad gali patekti i dirvožemio tirpala, sukelti pavoju aplinkai. Резюме Большие концентрации тяжелых металлов (ТМ) в почве и воде могут быть oпасны для окружающей среды и здоровья людей. Большие концентрации ТМ, выделяемые после пожара из золы, зависят от вида, типа, части сгоревшего дерева и свойств почвы. ТМ попадают в почву и могут вызвать загрязнение подземных вод. Выделение ТМ из золы на площади территории может меняться. В статье рассматривалось распределение после пожара на территории в Португалии таких тяжелых металлов, как алюминий (Al3+), марганец (Mn2+), железо (Fe2+) ir цинк (Zn2+). С этой целью применялись методы интерполяции. Из результатов анализа видно, что на исследуемой территории в среднем наибольшими были концентрации Al3+, а наименьшими Zn2+. Наибольшим изменениям подвергались концентрации Zn2+ и Fe2+. Из применявшихся методов интерполяции метод полиноминальной регрессии был наиболее точным для прогноза распределения ТМ на территории. Для Al3+ и Mn2+ было характерно увеличение концентраций с южной территории в сторону северной части, а для Fe2+ ir Zn2+ – уменьшение концентраций с северо-западной части в сторону юго-восточной территории. Выделение Al3+ и Mn2+ из золы после пожара зависело от интенсивности пожара, а в случае с Fe2+ и Zn2+ – от топографии территории. Изменение интенсивности пожара на территории и в связи с этим изменение температуры может оказывать бόльшее влияние на распределение ТМ на территории, чем вид сгоревших деревьев. С течением времени и изменением pH золы ТМ становятся более подвижными, могут попадать в подземные воды и тем самым создавать угрозу для окружающей среды.

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and selected plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vácha ◽  
J. Čechmánková ◽  
J. Skála
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Soil Load ◽  
Laboratory Column

The influence of soil load with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on their contents in selected plants was investigated. A set of experiments was realized in three years. The influence of extreme soil load with PAHs (soil contaminated by floods and sludge application) on their content in plants was observed in a pot trial. A laboratory column extract trial investigated PAHs transfer from the soil into soil solution in different conditions. The results showed that the transfer of PAHs into plants is influenced mainly by chemical characteristics of the substances (the number and position of aromatic nuclei); by soil characteristics (content and quality of soil organic matter) and by plant characteristics (plant species and plant bodies). The roots of tested plants were loaded with PAHs thanks to the transfer of less-nuclei compounds (2&ndash;3 nuclei) in soil solution into the roots and thanks to the binding of more nuclei compounds (4&ndash;6 nuclei) on organic substances in epidermis and primary bark of roots. These results were confirmed by a laboratory column trial.

The speciation of lead in soil solution from very polluted soils

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison R. Tills ◽  
Brian J. Alloway
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Polluted Soils
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