The Host Response in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Potential Applications in Periodontitis Clinical Trials

This review summarizes the data which relate the validation and application of host response markers as diagnostic tests forperiodontal diseases. Practical considerations regarding the general application and evaluation of a diagnostic test for periodontal disease are presented. Experiments which have documented the performance of host response markers as diagnostic measures of disease activity in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on the diagnostic potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) components. The considerable body of evidence supporting the potential application of GCF-PGE2 levels for predicting episodes of disease progression and reflecting disease activity is summarized and placed into perspective for the development of future diagnostic tools.

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Relationship of the substance P to indicators of host response in human gingival crevicular fluid

Journal Of Clinical Periodontology ◽

10.1034/j.1600-051x.2000.027004262.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 262-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Takashi Hanioka ◽

Keiko Takaya ◽

Yukiko Matsumori ◽

Ryoichi Matsuse ◽

Satoshi Shizukuishi

Keyword(s):

Substance P ◽

Host Response ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Relationship Of

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Endodontic-periodontal locally delivered antibiotics

Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences ◽

10.17305/bjbms.2004.3468 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 73-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amela Lačević ◽

Edina Vranić ◽

Irfan Zulić

Keyword(s):

Host Response ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Therapeutic Index ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Metabolic Products ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Endodontic pathology is a bacterial disease. It is well established that periapical disease is the result of bacteria, their product, and the host response to them. Periradicular disease will occur after microorganisms and their metabolic products affect the periradicular tissue. Aim of using antibiotics as part of a treatment regimen is to achieve, within the periodontal environment, a concentration of the drug that is sufficient either to kill (bactericidal) or arrest the growth (bacteriostatic) of pathogenic microorganisms. There are two possible approaches to improve the drug action: sustained and controlled drug release to reduce or eliminate side effects by improving the therapeutic index and site-specific drug delivery to minimize systemic effects. These two strategies have been explored by the association of drugs with different vehicles, either naturals or synthetics. A wide variety of specialized local delivery systems (i.e.intrapocket devices) have been designed to maintain the antibiotic in the GCF (gingival crevicular fluid) at a concentration higher than the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration). Fibres, films, strips and microparticles made of biodegradable or non-biodegradable polymers have been reported as effective methods to administer antibacterial agents for periodontal therapy. Together with these solid devices, semisolid adhesive or non-adhesive formulations have also been proposed.

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Within-mouth correlations for indicators of the host response in gingival crevicular fluid

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/0003-9969(90)90001-q ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 779-783 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

I.B. Lamster ◽

S. Wallenstein ◽

S. Sengupta ◽

T. Duffy

Keyword(s):

Host Response ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Crevicular Fluid

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Gingival crevicular fluid in the diagnosis of periodontal and systemic diseases

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh0906298c ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 137 (5-6) ◽

pp. 298-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sasa Cakic

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Host Response ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Systemic Diseases ◽

Noninvasive Methods ◽

First Case ◽

Crevicular Fluid

Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be found in the physiologic space (gingival sulcus), as well as in the pathological space (gingival pocket or periodontal pocket) between the gums and teeth. In the first case it is a transudate, in the second an exudate. The constituents of GCF originate from serum, gingival tissues, and from both bacterial and host response cells present in the aforementioned spaces and the surrounding tissues. The collection and analysis of GCF are the noninvasive methods for the evaluation of host response in periodontal disease. These analyses mainly focus on inflammatory markers, such as prostaglandin E2, neutrophil elastase and ?-glucuronidase, and on the marker of cellular necrosis - aspartat aminotransferase. Further, the analysis of inflammatory markers in the GCF may assist in defining how certain systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus) can modify periodontal disease, and how peridontal disease can influence certain systemic disorders (atherosclerosis, preterm delivery, diabetes mellitus and some chronic respiratory diseases). Major factors which influence the results obtained from the analyses of GCF are not only the methods of these analyses, but the method of GCF collection as well. As saliva collection is less technique-sensitive than GCF collection, some constituents of saliva which originate from the GCF can be analyzed as more amenable to chairside utilization.

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Neutrophil pseudoplatelets in subgingival plaque and crevicular fluid samples from periodontal diseased sites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100156298 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 862-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Hanker ◽

E.J. Burkes ◽

G. Greco ◽

R. Scruggs ◽

B. Giammara

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Subgingival Plaque ◽

Staining Reaction ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Crevicular Fluid

The mature neutrophil with a segmented nucleus (usually having 3 or 4 lobes) is generally considered to be the end-stage cell of the neutrophil series. It is usually found as such in the bone marrow and peripheral blood where it normally is the most abundant leukocyte. Neutrophils, however, must frequently leave the peripheral blood and migrate into areas of infection to combat microorganisms. It is in such areas that neutrophils were first observed to fragment to form platelet-size particles some of which have a nuclear lobe. These neutrophil pseudoplatelets (NPP) can readily be distinguished from true platelets because they stain for neutrophil myeloperoxidase. True platelets are not positive in this staining reaction because their peroxidase Is inhibited by glutaraldehyde. Neutrophil pseudoplatelets, as well as neutrophils budding to form NPP, could frequently be observed in peripheral blood or bone marrow samples of leukemia patients. They are much more prominent, however, in smears of inflammatory exudates that contain gram-negative bacteria and in gingival crevicular fluid samples from periodontal disease sites. In some of these samples macrophages ingesting, or which contained, pseudoplatelets could be observed. The myeloperoxidase in the ingested pseudoplatelets was frequently active. Despite these earlier observations we did not expect to find many NPP in subgingival plaque smears from diseased sites. They were first seen by light microscopy (Figs. 1, 3-5) in smears on coverslips stained with the PATS reaction, a variation of the PAS reaction which deposits silver for light and electron microscopy. After drying replicate PATS-stained coverslips with hexamethyldisilazane, they were sputter coated with gold and then examined by the SEI and BEI modes of scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 2). Unstained replicate coverslips were fixed, and stained for the demonstration of myeloperoxidase in budding neutrophils and NPP. Neutrophils, activated macrophages and spirochetes as well as other gram-negative bacteria were also prominent in the PATS stained samples. In replicate subgingival plaque smears stained with our procedure for granulocyte peroxidases only neutrophils, budding neutrophils or NPP were readily observed (Fig. 6).

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