Assessment of Input-Output Transformation in Purple Passion Fruit  Production in Central-Eastern and North-Rift, Kenya

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.) is an ever-increasing interest crop in Italy because it is mainly cultivated for its edible fruit and, secondly, as an ornamental evergreen climber. During the summer of 2020, two-year-old plants of purple passion fruit in one of the most important expanding production areas of Sicily (southern Italy) showed symptoms of yellowing, wilting, and vascular discoloration. Fusarium-like fungal colonies were consistently yielded from symptomatic crown and stem tissues. Five representative isolates were characterized by a morphological and molecular analysis based on a multilocus phylogeny using RNA polymerase’s second largest subunit (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) genes, as Fusarium nirenbergiae (Fusarium oxysporum species complex). Pathogenicity tests conducted on healthy 1-year-old passion fruit cuttings revealed symptoms similar to those observed in the field. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium wilt on passion fruit caused by Fusarium nirenbergiae. This report focuses on the phytopathological implications of this fungal pathogen, which may represent a future significant threat for the expanding passion fruit production in Italy and Europe.

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TEORES E ACÚMULOS DE NUTRIENTES EM MUDAS DE MARACUJAZEIROS SOB SALINIDADE HÍDRICA E USO DE URINA DE VACA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v8i4.10103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 464-475

Author(s):

José Lucínio de Oliveira Freire ◽

Gislaine dos Santos Nascimento ◽

Ana Karoliny De Assis Medeiros

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Saline Water ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Cow Urine ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Leaf Tissues ◽

Purple Passion Fruit

A produção de mudas é uma das etapas mais importantes em sistemas produtivos de frutos, sendo a sua boa nutrição mineral um dos atributos que podem resultar em bom índice de qualidade. Objetivou-se avaliar a concentração e os acúmulos de macronutrientes e sódio em mudas de maracujazeiros produzidas com aplicação de urina de vaca e águas salinas. O experimento foi conduzido, em estufa de cobertura plástica, no Instituto Federal da Paraíba – campus Picuí, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, no arranjo fatorial 2×2×2, correspondente a duas espécies de maracujazeiro (amarelo e roxo), dois níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0,5 dS m-1 e 3,5 dS m-1) e aplicação de urina oxidada de vaca a 0,0% e 5,0% e três repetições. Foram analisados os teores e os acúmulos de macronutrientes foliares (N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e S) e sódio. A irrigação com águas salinas de até 3,5 dS m-1 produz efeitos negativos nos teores de P e Na+ e positivos na concentração de N, Ma2+ nos tecidos foliares de mudas de maracujazeiros amarelo e roxo. Os teores foliares de N, Mg2+ e Na+ em mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo são superiores aos de maracujazeiro-roxo A aplicação de urina oxidada de vaca diluída em água a 5,0% na produção de mudas de maracujazeiros amarelo e roxo irrigadas com águas de elevada salinidade, por apresentar efeitos negativos nos teores de K+ nos tecidos foliares, indica que o insumo pode não eliminar os efeitos dos sais às plantas na fase de mudas. O uso de urina oxidada de vaca afeta, positivamente, os teores foliares de N em mudas de maracujazeiros. O acúmulo de macronutrientes (P, K+ e Ca2+) em folhas de mudas de maracujazeiros é maior quando irrigadas com águas de baixa salinidade.Palavras-chave: Passiflora spp; estresse salino; nutrição de plantas. NUTRIENTS CONTENTS AND ACCUMULATIONS IN PASSION FRUIT SEEDLINGS UNDER WATER SALINITY AND USE OF COW URINE ABSTRACT:Seedling production is one of the most important stages in fruit production systems, and its good mineral nutrition is one of the attributes that can result in a good quality index. The objective was to evaluate the concentration and accumulations of macronutrients and sodium in passion fruit seedlings produced with the application of cow urine and saline water. The experiment was carried out in a plastic-covered greenhouse at the Federal Institute of Paraíba - Picuí campus, Brazil, in a completely randomized experimental design, in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to two species of passion fruit (yellow and purple), two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.5 dS m-1 and 3.5 dS m-1) and application of oxidized cow urine at 0.0% and 5.0% and three repetitions. The levels and accumulations of leaf macronutrients (N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and S) and sodium were analyzed. Irrigation with saline water up to 3.5 dS m-1 produces negative effects on the levels of P and Na+ and positive on the concentration of N, Ma2+ in the leaf tissues of yellow and purple passion fruit seedlings. The leaf contents of N, Mg2+ and Na+ in yellow passion fruit seedlings are higher than those of purple passion fruit. The application of oxidized cow urine diluted in 5.0% water in the production of yellow and purple passion fruit seedlings irrigated with water high salinity, due to its negative effects on K+ content in leaf tissues, indicates that the input may not eliminate the effects of salts on plants in the seedling phase. The use of oxidized cow urine positively affects leaf N levels in passion fruit seedlings. The accumulation of macronutrients (P, K+ and Ca2+) in leaves of passion fruit seedlings is greater when irrigated with low salinity water.Keywords: Passiflora spp; salt stress; plant nutrition.

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Genetic Diversity of Purple Passion Fruit, Passiflora edulis f. edulis, Based on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers Discovered through Genotyping by Sequencing

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13040144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Nohra Castillo Rodríguez ◽

Xingbo Wu ◽

María Isabel Chacón ◽

Luz Marina Melgarejo ◽

Matthew Wohlgemuth Blair

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Passiflora Edulis ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Purple Passion Fruit

Orphan crops, which include many of the tropical fruit species used in the juice industry, lack genomic resources and breeding efforts. Typical of this dilemma is the lack of commercial cultivars of purple passion fruit, Passiflora edulis f. edulis, and of information on the genetic resources of its substantial semiwild gene pool. In this study, we develop single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for the species and show that the genetic diversity of this fruit crop has been reduced because of selection for cultivated genotypes compared to the semiwild landraces in its center of diversity. A specific objective of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity of cultivars, genebank accession, and landraces through genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and to conduct molecular evaluation of a broad collection for the species P. edulis from a source country, Colombia. We included control genotypes of yellow passion fruit, P. edulis f. flavicarpa. The goal was to evaluate differences between fruit types and compare landraces and genebank accessions from in situ accessions collected from farmers. In total, 3820 SNPs were identified as informative for this diversity study. However, the majority distinguished yellow and purple passion fruit, with 966 SNPs useful in purple passion fruits alone. In the population structure analysis, purple passion fruits were very distinct from the yellow ones. The results for purple passion fruits alone showed reduced diversity for the commercial cultivars while highlighting the higher diversity found among landraces from wild or semi-wild conditions. These landraces had higher heterozygosity, polymorphism, and overall genetic diversity. The implications for genetics and breeding as well as evolution and ecology of purple passion fruits based on the extant landrace diversity are discussed with consideration of manual or pollinator-assisted hybridization of this species.

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