scholarly journals Accounting Rates Of Return As Proxies For The Economic Rate Of Return: An Empirical Investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Richard G. Elmendorf
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Organization ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Economic Rate Of Return ◽  
Biased Estimates ◽  
Organization Research

Accounting rates of return have been criticized by theoretical researchers as biased estimates of the economic rate of return. If true, results of past industrial organization research utilizing accounting measures of profitability are called into question. Using Tobins q to proxy for the economic rate of return, this study empirically investigates whether accounting rates of return are biased proxies for the economic rate of return. The empirical results support the findings of theoretical research.

scholarly journals A Structural Approach to Estimating Rate of Return Expectations of Farmers

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Ahrendsen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Cost Function ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Sample Mean ◽  
Using Data

AbstractA dual cost function approach is developed as an alternative to time series and simplistic approaches for estimating farmers' expected operating rates of return on assets. A translog restricted cost function is estimated using data provided by 152 North Carolina dairy farmers over the period 1976 through 1986. The predicted costs from the fitted restricted cost function are used to construct estimates of farmers' expected operating rates of return on assets. The estimates from this structural approach explain more of the variation in observed rates than do time series estimates or sample mean observed rates.

scholarly journals Die metodiek en aanwendingsmoontlikhede van 'n markprysbepalingsmetode by onduursame verbruikersgoedere

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Chris P. Lerm
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
New Method ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Target Price

The methodology and applicability of a method to determine the market price of non-durable consumer products Proper pricing should be done in three phases. Firstly, the determination of the market price, namely that price which the consumers are prepared to pay for the amount of need-satisfaction they perceive from using the product. Secondly, the determination of the target price, namely that price which will give a satisfactory rate of return on investment for the firm. Thirdly, the determination of the final price, by achieving a match between the market price and the target price. The present methods to determine the market price were analysed and with this information a new method to determine the market price of non-durable consumer products was developed. The objectives of this article are to report on an empirical investigation undertaken to test the feasibility of this method and the seven steps to follow in using the method; and to outline the results obtained and conclusions which may be reached; the implications and use of the empirical data; and the method to determine the market price.

Return-to-Play and Rehabilitation Protocols following Cartilage Restoration Procedures of the Knee: A Systematic Review

Cartilage ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 194760351989473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoghan T. Hurley ◽  
Martin S. Davey ◽  
M. Shazil Jamal ◽  
Amit K. Manjunath ◽  
Michael J. Alaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Play ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Osteochondral Allograft ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cartilage Restoration ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Osteochondral Autograft Transfer

Objective The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature and to evaluate the reported rehabilitation protocols, return-to-play guidelines, and subsequent rates of return to play following cartilage restoration procedures in the knee. Design MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched according to the PRISMA guidelines to find studies on cartilage restoration procedures in the knee, including (1) microfracture (Mfx), (2) osteochondral autograft transfer (AOT), (3) osteochondral allograft implantation (OCA), and (4) autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI). Studies were included if they reported return-to-play data or rehabilitation protocols. Results Overall, 179 studies fit our inclusion criteria, with 48 on Mfx, 34 on AOT, 54 on OCA, and 51 on ACI. The rate of return to play was reported as high as 88.2% with AOT, and as low as 77.2% following OCA, with rates of return to play at the same/higher level as high as 79.3% with AOT, and as low as 57.3% following ACI. The average reported time of return to play was as low as 4.9 months with AOT, and as high as 11.6 months following ACI. Conclusions The majority of patients are able to return to play following cartilage restoration procedures in the knee, regardless of surgical procedure utilized. However, while the rate of return to play at the same level was similar to the overall rate of return following AOT, there was a large number of patients unable to return to the same level following Mfx, OCA, and ACI. Additionally, there is wide variety in the rehabilitation protocols, and scant literature on return-to-play protocols.

The Demand for Information and the Distribution of Income

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Arrow
Keyword(s):  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Initial Wealth ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Investors can increase their payoff by acquiring information on rates of return. The value of the information is greater, the greater the amount to be invested. Therefore, information purchased and consequently the expected rate of return increases with initial wealth, and the distribution of final wealth is more unequal than that of initial wealth.

High Satisfaction and Return to Sports After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients Aged 55 Years and Younger

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1664-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant H. Garcia ◽  
Joseph N. Liu ◽  
Alec Sinatro ◽  
Hao-Hua Wu ◽  
Joshua S. Dines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Satisfaction Rate ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
High Satisfaction

Background: Young, active candidates for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) are a unique group of patients. Not only do they demand longevity and improved function, but they also desire a return to physical activities. Purpose: To determine the rate of return to sports in patients aged ≤55 years undergoing TSA. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent anatomic TSA at a single institution. Exclusion criteria included age at the time of surgery >55 years and <2 years of follow-up. All patients had end-stage osteoarthritis with significant glenohumeral joint space narrowing. The final follow-up consisted of a patient-reported sports questionnaire, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and visual analog scale (VAS) score. Results: From 70 eligible patients, 59 patients (61 shoulders) were included with an average follow-up of 61.0 months (range, 25-103 months) and average age at the time of surgery of 48.9 years (range, 25-55 years). The average VAS score improved from 5.6 to 0.9 ( P < .001), and the average ASES score improved from 39.3 to 88.4 ( P < .001). Forty-nine procedures (80.3%) were performed for a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis. Four shoulders returned to the operating room; none were for glenoid loosening. There was a 93.2% satisfaction rate, and 67.7% of patients (n = 40) stated that they underwent their surgery to return to sports. Moreover, patients in 96.4% of shoulders (55/57) restarted at least 1 sport at an average of 6.7 months. Direct rates of return were as follows: fitness sports (97.2%), golf (93.3%), singles tennis (87.5%), swimming (77.7%), basketball (75.0%), and flag football (66.7%). Patients in 47 shoulders (82.4%) returned to a similar or higher level of sports; 90.3% returned to high-demand sports, and 83.8% returned to high upper extremity sports. There was no significant difference in rates of return to sports by body mass index, sex, age, preoperative diagnosis, revision status, and dominant extremity. Conclusion: In patients aged ≤55 years undergoing TSA, there was a 96.4% rate of return to ≥1 previous sports at an average of 6.7 months. Furthermore, at an average follow-up of 61.0 months, no patients needed revision of their glenoid component, despite an 83.8% rate of return to high upper extremity sports. While caution should still be advised in young, active patients undergoing TSA, these results demonstrate a high satisfaction rate and improved ability to return to most sports after surgery.

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