Citizens’ Preparedness to Deal with Emergencies as an Important Component of Civil Protection

The main purpose of this paper is to point out a new approach in evaluating the preparedness of the population of a selected city for civil protection and its response to emergencies. Using new approaches, it evaluates a subjective questionnaire survey in combination with the objective state thanks to a mathematical approach and its subsequent verification on a specific example. The proposed approaches are then verified by experimental surveys in the selected city. The result is a highly adaptable tool that can be set up and adapted to different situations and different types of questionnaires to address the preparedness and safety of the population for emergencies. Thanks to this tool, it is possible to evaluate the subjective opinions of the population and thus gain insight into the assessment of the city’s preparedness for emergencies. Subsequently, we can set the prevention and preparedness of the population in the city on the basis of the obtained outputs, which potentially has a fundamental influence on the response after the occurrence of an emergency. Improving preparedness in the area of civil protection shall not only be reflected in the response and minimization of the consequences of the emergency, but also in the emotional security of the population.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SINGLE TWIN LAYER IN METAL CRYSTALS

By analyzing the experimental data available in the scientific literature, a mathematical model of the development of a single twin layer in metal crystals has been obtained. The model has the form of a differential equation, the order of which is determined by the required accuracy of obtaining the results associated with the solution of this equation. Even in the linear approximation of one of the main parameters of the phenomenological model, the latter gives qualitatively the same dependences of the development of single twins under different loading conditions compared to the experiment. Despite a large number of experimental works devoted to twinning, there is still no rigorous quantitative theory of the development of twinning layers in different media and under different conditions. However, in these works, the mathematical approach was demonstrated only in relation to elastic twins. This work is an introduction to the creation of a quantitative theory of twinning in metal crystals. Comparisons with the experimental results of the proposed phenomenological model were limited in this work to the task of demonstrating the performance of the model in the sense of predicting the most specific effects of the development of twins under various conditions and loading modes. In particular, the model implies the effect of loss and subsequent restoration of hardening by twin boundaries during stress pulsations, the Bauschinger effect upon a change in the sign of the applied voltage, and a number of other effects observed experimentally on a number of different metal crystals.

Theoretical investigation of active listening behavior based on the echolocation of CF-FM bats

Bats perceive the three-dimensional (3D) environment by emitting ultrasound pulses from their nose or mouth and receiving echoes through both ears. To detect the position of a target object, it is necessary to know the distance and direction of the target. Certain bat species synchronize the movement of their pinnae with pulse emission, and it is this behavior that enables 3D direction detection. However, the significance of bats’ ear motions remains unclear. In this study, we construct a model of an active listening system including the motion of the ears, and conduct mathematical investigations to clarify the importance of ear motion in 3D direction detection. The theory suggests that only certain ear motions, namely three-axis rotation, accomplish accurate and robust 3D direction detection. Our theoretical analysis also strongly supports the behavior whereby bats move their pinnae in the antiphase mode. In addition, we provide the conditions for ear motions to ensure accurate and robust direction detection, suggesting that simple shaped hearing directionality and well-selected uncomplicated ear motions are sufficient to achieve precise and robust 3D direction detection. Our findings and mathematical approach have the potential to be used in the design of active sensing systems in various engineering fields.

Medllecta. Hematological Preventive Method (HPM). Part 2

A complete dynamic model of the protein and, in particular, the the enzymatic process of synthesis and degradation could significantly improve the quality of diagnosis of diseases of various etiologies at the earliest stages of their development. In this article, we describe our initial attempt to create the above model based on a radically new mathematical approach, Sense Logic [1] in terms of enzymatic kinetics.

Near Approximations in Modules

Rough set theory is a mathematical approach to imperfect knowledge. The near set approach leads to partitions of ensembles of sample objects with measurable information content and an approach to feature selection. In this paper, we apply the previous results of Bagirmaz [Appl. Algebra Engrg. Comm. Comput., 30(4) (2019) 285-29] and [Davvaz et al., Near approximations in rings. AAECC (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00200-020-00421-3] to module theory. We introduce the notion of near approximations in a module over a ring, which is an extended notion of a rough approximations in a module presented in [B. Davvaz and M. Mahdavipour, Roughness in modules, Information Sciences, 176 (2006) 3658-3674]. Then we define the lower and upper near submodules and investigate their properties.