scholarly journals Cultural Paradigms Of Age Discrimination And Unearned Privileges

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaudin G. Mujtaba ◽  
Rose Marie Hinds ◽  
Cuneyt Oskal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Cultural Paradigms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Cultures

<p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Discrimination cases and lawsuits are causing anxiety for many employers, managers and employees in the United States and are driving many good employees to courts or other organizations. One of the greatest fears of company officials and individual managers is the likelihood of either being sued for something that they have done intentionally or unintentionally, or for something that they should have considered doing but did not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>One form of discrimination that has become widespread deals with age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Age discrimination in the workplace impacts people of all sizes, races, colors, religions, and ethnicities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>It is no secret that age-related lawsuits proliferated during the last few years&rsquo; recession and more recently age related claims have been on the rise as some of the layoffs seem to have been targeting older workers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Juries often side with aggrieved employees, even if the evidence is flimsy. Because of these trends, companies and their managers are realizing the need to protect their firms by periodically reviewing workforce diversity and proactively analyzing their work environment for latent signs of discrimination.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</span></span></p><p class="MsoTitle" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A cultural perspective of aging is discussed in the enclosed document along with the societal norms and perceptions of aging from the perspective of people in Afghanistan, Turkey, Jamaica, and the United States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Also, the concept of &ldquo;unearned privilege&rdquo; is discussed as it applies to age in different cultures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The focus of this material is discrimination based on age in order to create awareness and reduce the negative impact of stereotypes associated with &ldquo;older workers.&rdquo;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>It is imperative that older workers are kept in the American workforce as long as possible, as there will be a shortage of skilled labor as early as 2005, if older workers continue to retire early.</span></span></p>

scholarly journals Policy Series: Illuminating the Intersection Between Employers and Experienced Employees: Current Research and Policy Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 808-808
Author(s):  
Brian Kaskie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract Population aging, resulting from the combination of longer life expectancy and lower birthrates, has widespread implications for both employees and employers across the United States. By2040, age55-plus workers are projected to account for more than25 percent of America’s workforce. Yet, even though we have gained a better understanding of the needs and preferences of aging workers, we know far less about the organizations which employ them. This symposium presents the latest research concerning: age discrimination in the workplace, intergenerational workplace arrangements, work ability and performance, and the increasingly varied pathways older persons are taking from work to retirement. We also examine how employers have addressed these issues, and consider why one type of employer may be more likely to adopt and implement a policy or program supporting older workers. Panelists then discuss policy alternatives that may increase and expand current employer efforts to support experienced employees.

Cooperative trust and trustworthiness in China and the United States: Does guanxi make a difference?

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hanjing Huang ◽  
Pei-Luen Patrick Rau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Special Form ◽  
The United States ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Different Cultures

Our aim was to investigate and compare the effects of cooperating with either a friend or a stranger in a business context on trust and trustworthiness in 2 different cultures. In China, guanxi is a special form of personal relationship in which the exchange partners bond through reciprocal obligations. We conducted cooperation experiments based on the supply chain task in which Chinese and U.S. participants cooperated with their friends and with strangers. The results indicated that both Chinese and U.S. participants had higher levels of trust and trustworthiness for their friends than for strangers. Moreover, Chinese participants made a stronger distinction between friends and strangers than did U.S. participants. In addition, Chinese participants had lower levels of trust and trustworthiness than did U.S. participants. The cooperation experiments enrich the theoretical field of investigating the effects of personal relationships on cooperative trust and trustworthiness, and provide practical value to the management of business cooperation in different cultures.

scholarly journals Age-Related Chronic Diseases and Alzheimer’s Disease in Texas: A Hispanic Focused Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Shyam Sheladia ◽  
P. Hemachandra Reddy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
American Population ◽  
Hispanic American ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Age Related

The emergence of age-related chronic diseases within the United States has led to the direct increase of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as other neurological diseases which ultimately contribute to the development of dementia within the general population. To be specific, age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, diabetes, and kidney disease contribute greatly to the advancement and rapid progression of dementia. Furthermore, unmodifiable risk factors such as advancing age and genetics as well as modifiable risk factors such as socioeconomic status, educational attainment, exercise, and diet further contribute to the development of dementia. Current statistics and research show that minority populations such as Hispanic Americans in the United States face the greatest burden of dementia due to the increase in the prevalence of overall population age, predisposing genetics, age-related chronic diseases, low socioeconomic status, as well as poor lifestyle choices and habits. Additionally, Hispanic Americans living within Texas and the rural areas of West Texas face the added challenge of finding appropriate healthcare services. This article will focus upon the research associated with AD as well as the prevalence of AD within the Hispanic American population of Texas and rural West Texas. Furthermore, this article will also discuss the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases, unmodifiable risk factors, and modifiable risk factors which lead to the progression and development of AD within the Hispanic American population of the United States, Texas, and rural West Texas.

scholarly journals Asymmetric dynamics between uncertainty and unemployment flows in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ahmed ◽  
Mark Granberg ◽  
Victor Troster ◽  
Gazi Salah Uddin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Uncertainty ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Uncertainty Measures ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis paper examines how different uncertainty measures affect the unemployment level, inflow, and outflow in the U.S. across all states of the business cycle. We employ linear and nonlinear causality-in-quantile tests to capture a complete picture of the effect of uncertainty on U.S. unemployment. To verify whether there are any common effects across different uncertainty measures, we use monthly data on four uncertainty measures and on U.S. unemployment from January 1997 to August 2018. Our results corroborate the general predictions from a search and matching framework of how uncertainty affects unemployment and its flows. Fluctuations in uncertainty generate increases (upper-quantile changes) in the unemployment level and in the inflow. Conversely, shocks to uncertainty have a negative impact on U.S. unemployment outflow. Therefore, the effect of uncertainty is asymmetric depending on the states (quantiles) of U.S. unemployment and on the adopted unemployment measure. Our findings suggest state-contingent policies to stabilize the unemployment level when large uncertainty shocks occur.

Changing Trends in Age and Sex Distributions of Lyme Disease—United States, 1992-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110267
Author(s):  
Kiersten J. Kugeler ◽  
Paul S. Mead ◽  
Amy M. Schwartz ◽  
Alison F. Hinckley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex

Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States and is characterized by a bimodal age distribution and male predominance. We examined trends in reported cases during a 25-year period to describe changes in the populations most affected by Lyme disease in the United States. We examined demographic characteristics of people with confirmed cases of Lyme disease reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention during 1992-2016 through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. We grouped cases into 5-year periods (1992-1996, 1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011, 2012-2016). We calculated the average annual incidence by age and sex and used incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to describe changes in Lyme disease incidence by age and sex over time. We converted patient age at time of illness into patient birth year to ascertain disease patterns according to birth cohorts. The incidence of Lyme disease in the United States doubled from 1992-1996 to 2012-2016 (IRR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.70-1.78) and increased disproportionately among males; IRRs were 39%-89% higher among males than among females for most age groups. During the study period, children aged 5-9 years were most frequently and consistently affected. In contrast, the average age of adults with Lyme disease increased over time; of all adults, people born during 1950-1964 were the most affected by Lyme disease. Our findings suggest that age-related behaviors and susceptibilities may drive infections among children, and the shifting peak among adults likely reflects a probability proportional to the relative size of the baby boom population. These findings can inform targeted and efficient public health education and intervention efforts.

Improving Accuracy using The ASERLU layer in CNN-BiLSTM Architecture on Sentiment Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1007
Author(s):  
Sandi Hermawan ◽  
Rilla Mandala
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Activation Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Sentiment Detection ◽  
Improving Accuracy ◽  
Different Cultures

There have been 350,000 tweets generated by the interaction of social networks with different cultures and educational backgrounds in the last ten years. Various sentiments are expressed in the user comments, from support to hatred. The sentiments regarded the United States General Election in 2020. This dataset has 3,000 data gotten from previous research. We augment it becomes 15,000 data to facilitate training and increase the required data. Sentiment detection is carried out using the CNN-BiLSTM architecture. It is chosen because CNN can filter essential words, and BiLSTM can remember memory in two directions. By utilizing both, the training process becomes maximum. However, this method has disadvantages in the activation. The drawback of the existing activation method, i.e., "Zero-hard Rectifier" and "ReLU Dropout" problem to become the cause of training stopped in the ReLU activation, and the exponential function cannot be set become the activation function still rigid towards output value in the SERLU activation. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel activation method to repair activation in CNN-BiLSTM architecture. It is namely the ASERLU activation function. It can adjust positive value output, negative value output, and exponential value by the setter variables. So, it adapts more conveniently to the output value and becomes a flexible activation function because it can be increased and decreased as needed. It is the first research applied in architecture. Compared with ReLU and SERLU, our proposed method gives higher accuracy based on the experiment results.

scholarly journals Exploring Experiences and Perceptions of Older African American Males Aging With HIV in the Rural Southern United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Blake ◽  
Gloria A. Jones Taylor ◽  
Richard L. Sowell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Living With Hiv

The HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) epidemic in the United States remains a serious public health concern. Despite treatment and prevention efforts, approximately 50,000 new HIV cases are transmitted each year. Estimates indicate that 44% of all people diagnosed with HIV are living in the southern region of the United States. African Americans represent 13.2% of the United States population; however, 44% (19,540) of reported new HIV cases in 2014 were diagnosed within this ethnic group. The majority of cases were diagnosed in men (73%, 14,305). In the United States, it is estimated that 21% of adults living with HIV are 50 years or older. There exists limited data regarding how well African American men are aging with HIV disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and experiences of older African American men living with HIV in rural Georgia. Data were collected from 35 older African American men living with HIV using focus groups and face-to-face personal interviews. Qualitative content analysis revealed six overlapping themes: (1) Stigma; (2) Doing Fine, Most of the Time; (3) Coping With Age-Related Diseases and HIV; (4) Self-Care; (5) Family Support; and (6) Access to Resources. The findings from this study provide new insights into the lives of rural HIV-infected African American men, expands our understanding of how they manage the disease, and why many return to or remain in rural communities.

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