scholarly journals The influence of agriculture on the chemical composition of aerosols in the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea (Gdynia)

Ecocycles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Martyna Malinowska ◽  
Anita U. Lewandowska ◽  
Michalina Bielawska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Baltic

In order to improve soil quality, size, and appearance of plants, various types of fertilizers are used in Poland. They are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. Plants are fertilized before sowing, during germination, and during crop growth. Such agricultural activity can have a negative effect on the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols, which can be transported with air masses far away from the agricultural sources regions. The aim of the research was to estimate the influence of agriculture on the chemical composition of aerosols of various sizes (<0.45 to 10 µm) in the atmosphere of the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. The samples were collected in Gdynia, from 11/05/2016 to 17/08/2016, only outside traffic hours (10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m.) and only when air masses were transported from over agricultural areas. Aerosols were collected using Tisch Environmental high-flow impactor. The ions (NO3?, PO43-, K+, Ca2+) were determined by Metrohm ion chromatography (881 Compact IC pro). The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the highest mean concentrations of NO3?, K+, Ca2+occurred in aerosols below 0.45 µm in diameter (0.26, 0.04 and 5.85 µg·m-3, respectively). Phosphates showed the highest average concentration (0.191 µg·m-3) in aerosols with a diameter from 1.5 to 3.0 µm. The concentration of calcium and nitrates was the highest in the days when advection from Western Kashubia was dominant. In turn, the highest concentrations of phosphates and potassium occurred on the days when air masses were transported from Vistula ?u?awy. All episodes occurred in the spring when agricultural activity related to fertilizing farmland was the highest and the average wind speed was lower than 5 m·s-1, which indicates local to the regional origin of the analyzed compounds in aerosols.

INVESTIGATIONS OF THE BALTIC SEA COASTAL ZONE ABOVE-WATER PART TOPOGRAPHY DYNAMICS BY MEANS OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER (SVETLOGORSK CITY, KALININGRAD REGION)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Lugovoy ◽  
Nikolay Lugovoy ◽  
Askar Ilyasov ◽  
Askar Ilyasov ◽  
Elena Pronina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Dynamics ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
The Baltic

The paper describes application of the terrestrial laser scanner for investigation of coastal dynamics of the Svetlogorskaya Bay, Baltic Sea. Methods of investigation and results of surveys repeated over the two consecutive years for quantification of coastal erosion and slope processes within the coastal zone are presented.

scholarly journals Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio in PM1 and size segregated aerosol particles over the Baltic Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Garbarienė ◽  
Vidmantas Remeikis ◽  
Agnë Mašalaitė ◽  
Andrius Garbaras ◽  
Tpmasz Petelski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The Baltic

We analysed δ13C of total carbon (TC) and δ15N of total nitrogen (TN) in submicron (PM1) and size segregated aerosol particles (PM0.056–2.5) collected during a cruise in the Baltic Sea from 9 to 17 November 2012. PM1 were characterized by the highest δ13C (–26.4‰) and lowest δ15N (–0.2 and 0.8‰) values when air masses arrived from the southwest direction (Poland). The obtained δ13C values indicated that combined emissions of coal and diesel/gasoline combustion were the most likely sources of TC. The depleted δ15N values indicated that TN originated mainly from liquid fuel combustion (road traffic, shipping) during this period. The lowest δ13C and highest δ15N values were determined in PM1 samples during the western airflow when the air masses had no recent contact with land. The highest δ15N values were probably associated with chemical aging of nitrogenous species during long-range transport, the lowest δ13C values could be related to emissions from diesel/gasoline combustion, potentially from ship traffic. The δ13C analysis of size-segregated aerosol particles PM0.056–2.5 revealed that the lowest δ13C values were observed in the size range from 0.056 to 0.18 µm and gradual 13C enrichment occurred in the size range from 0.18 to 2.5 µm due to different sources or formation mechanisms of the aerosols.

scholarly journals Looking for an Offshore Low-Level Jet Champion among Recent Reanalyses: A Tight Race over the Baltic Sea

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3670
Author(s):  
Christoffer Hallgren ◽  
Johan Arnqvist ◽  
Stefan Ivanell ◽  
Heiner Körnich ◽  
Ville Vakkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Level Jets ◽  
The Baltic

With an increasing interest in offshore wind energy, focus has been directed towards large semi-enclosed basins such as the Baltic Sea as potential sites to set up wind turbines. The meteorology of this inland sea in particular is strongly affected by the surrounding land, creating mesoscale conditions that are important to take into consideration when planning for new wind farms. This paper presents a comparison between data from four state-of-the-art reanalyses (MERRA2, ERA5, UERRA, NEWA) and observations from LiDAR. The comparison is made for four sites in the Baltic Sea with wind profiles up to 300 m. The findings provide insight into the accuracy of reanalyses for wind resource assessment. In general, the reanalyses underestimate the average wind speed. The average shear is too low in NEWA, while ERA5 and UERRA predominantly overestimate the shear. MERRA2 suffers from insufficient vertical resolution, which limits its usefulness in evaluating the wind profile. It is also shown that low-level jets, a very frequent mesoscale phenomenon in the Baltic Sea during late spring, can appear in a wide range of wind speeds. The observed frequency of low-level jets is best captured by UERRA. In terms of general wind characteristics, ERA5, UERRA, and NEWA are similar, and the best choice depends on the application.

scholarly journals Classification of clouds sampled at the puy de Dôme (France) based on 10 yr of monitoring of their physicochemical properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1485-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Deguillaume ◽  
T. Charbouillot ◽  
M. Joly ◽  
M. Vaïtilingom ◽  
M. Parazols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic Constituents

Abstract. Long-term monitoring of the chemical composition of clouds (73 cloud events representing 199 individual samples) sampled at the puy de Dôme (pdD) station (France) was performed between 2001 and 2011. Physicochemical parameters, as well as the concentrations of the major organic and inorganic constituents, were measured and analyzed by multicomponent statistical analysis. Along with the corresponding back-trajectory plots, this allowed for distinguishing four different categories of air masses reaching the summit of the pdD: polluted, continental, marine and highly marine. The statistical analysis led to the determination of criteria (concentrations of inorganic compounds, pH) that differentiate each category of air masses. Highly marine clouds exhibited high concentrations of Na+ and Cl−; the marine category presented lower concentration of ions but more elevated pH. Finally, the two remaining clusters were classified as "continental" and "polluted"; these clusters had the second-highest and highest levels of NH4+, NO3−, and SO24−, respectively. This unique data set of cloud chemical composition is then discussed as a function of this classification. Total organic carbon (TOC) is significantly higher in polluted air masses than in the other categories, which suggests additional anthropogenic sources. Concentrations of carboxylic acids and carbonyls represent around 10% of the organic matter in all categories of air masses and are studied for their relative importance. Iron concentrations are significantly higher for polluted air masses and iron is mainly present in its oxidation state (+II) in all categories of air masses. Finally, H2O2 concentrations are much more varied in marine and highly marine clouds than in polluted clouds, which are characterized by the lowest average concentration of H2O2. This data set provides concentration ranges of main inorganic and organic compounds for modeling purposes on multiphase cloud chemistry.

CLOUDINESS IN THE POLISH COASTAL ZONE OF THE BALTIC SEA AND CONDITIONS FOR RECREATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Czesław Koźmiński ◽  
Bożena Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Time Specific

Purpose. Determination of size, variability and gradient of cloudiness on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea during the summer half-year and identification of zones with variable suitability for recreation due to cloudiness. Method. The research is based on daily values of cloudiness in the warm half-year (April-September) recorded on a scale from 0 to 8 octants, obtained from six meteorological stations located on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea during the period 2000–2016. Methods of linear regression were used in the analysis of temporal variations of cumulative monthly deviations in cloudiness for consecutive years from the mean multiannual value. In terms of recreational suitability, days were categorised into four classes according to cloudiness. Three zones of varying conditions for recreation were identified. Results. The essential characteristic of cloudiness on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea is very high variability from one day to another and the resulting change in the value of solar radiation, which, consequently affects bioclimatic stimuli. Cumulative deviations of monthly cloudiness values from the mean multiannual value show a decrease in cloudiness in April, June and July, and an increase in the remaining months of the warm half-year. It is possible to distinguish three periods regarding increased frequency of clear and moderately clear weather lasting continuously for at least 3 and 5 days on the coastal zone in summer. The Polish coast of the Baltic sea is marked by three zones of varying conditions for recreation due to cloudiness in the summer – moderately favourable, favourable and very favourable. Research and conclusion limitations. Lack of access to time-specific results of cloudiness measurement. Practical implications. The results obtained in the course of this research may be used by individuals as well as the organizers of their stays, and for the purpose of characterisation of bioclimatic conditions of the coast. Originality. In view of the recent climatic changes recorded over the last 30 years, the present research demonstrates the current cloudiness level on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea. Type of research. Presentation of the results of empirical research.

Petroleum hydrocarbons - a necessity of monitoring in a dredged material in the Polish coastal zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Marta Staniszewska ◽  
Helena Boniecka
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dredged Material ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Baltic

Petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) are toxic for the water organisms and in sediments they may last for a very long time. The Baltic Sea is an area exposed to the PHCs due to highly developed shipping. In Poland, there is a lack of legal standards specifying guidelines regarding handling dredged material containing PHCs, excavated in waterways, roadsteads, and in port basins, and there are no standards specifying their acceptable concentration in sediments. Therephore petroleum hydrocarbons in the excavated dredged material are rarely examined at the Polish coasts. In years 2009-2018 only 4% of sediments were examined in terms of their content. Indicated that only the sediments from the open sea did not contain PHCs, the other ones were very or moderately contaminated with PHCs. Collected results clearly indicate that sediment should be monitored in terms of the PHC content, in most cases should not be thrown back to the sea. In most cases they may be stored onshore, but only on wastelands, mainly industrial and transport areas. Some of them may also be used in the areas of cleaner lands, i.e. forests, wood- and bush-covered lands, recreation and leisure areas.

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