scholarly journals Impact de libéralisation commerciale sur l’accumulation du capital humain en Afrique : une analyse empirique en Données de Panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Nabil Boubrahimi ◽  
Hamid Fayou
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Nous Avons ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Capital Humain ◽  
Données De Panel ◽  
The Impact

Ce papier vise à évaluer empiriquement l’impact de la libéralisation commerciale sur l’accumulation du capital humain en Afrique. Nous utilisons pour cela un modèle en données de panel pour 48 pays africains durant la période 2000-2017 en adoptant la méthode FGLS (Feasible Generalized Least Squares). Cette méthode économétrique que nous avons mobilisée a permis de corriger les problèmes de l’endogénéité et de l’heteroscédastisité obtenus par l’approche standard de Moindres Carrés Ordinaire (MCO). Nous avons abouti aux résultats selon lesquels, l’accumulation du capital humain africain est liée à une série de variables macroéconomiques indispensables tels que ; les dépenses en R&D, le PIB par habitant et l’ouverture. Ainsi, nous avons constaté que les tarifs douaniers appliqués ont un effet négatif et fortement significatif sur le capital humain. On conclut que les pays africains devraient investir dans la qualification de leur capital humain à travers l’éducation et la formation avant même de déclencher des politiques commerciales orientées vers la libéralisation de leur marché, pour pouvoir absorber les éventuels spillovers générés par l’entrée en vigueur des accords de libre-échange et plus particulièrement de la Zone de Libre-Echange Continentale Africaine (ZLECAf) en termes de transfert technologique, productivité des facteurs de production et de diffusion du progrès technique.   This paper aims to assess the impact of trade liberalization on the human capital accumulation in Africa. We use a panel data model for 48 African countries during the period between 2000 and 2017 by the FGLS method to remove the endogeneity problem and heteroskedasticity obtained by the GLS Method. We have arrived at the results according to which, the human capital accumulation in Africa is linked to the macroeconomic variables such as; Research and development expenditure, GDP per capita and trade. Empirical analysis investigation reveals the negative effect of the Tariff rate applied on human capital. We concluded that African countries need to spend in their human capital through education to be able to absorb the spillover effect of the AfCFTA in terms of technology diffusion and technical progress.

Human capital accumulation, income distribution, and economic growth: a demand-led analytical framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Gilberto Tadeu Lima ◽  
Laura Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Serra
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Utilization ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

This paper incorporates human capital accumulation through provision of universal public education by a balanced-budget government to a demand-driven analytical framework of functional distribution and growth of income. Human capital accumulation positively impacts on workers’ productivity in production and their bargaining power in wage negotiations. In the long-run equilibrium, a rise in the tax rate (which also denotes the share of output spent in human capital formation) lowers the pre- and after-tax wage share and physical capital utilization, and thus raises (lowers) the output growth rate when the latter is profit-led (wage-led). The impact of a higher tax rate on the employment rate (which also measures human capital utilization) in the long-run equilibrium is negative (ambiguous) when output growth is wage-led (profit-led). In any case, the supply of higher-skilled workers does not automatically create its own demand.

Intergenerational Mobility and Unequal School Opportunity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Arenas ◽  
Jean Hindriks
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Intergenerational Income Mobility ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Income Dispersion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We analyse the impact of unequal school opportunity on intergenerational income mobility and human capital accumulation. Building upon the classical Becker–Tomes–Solon framework, we use a regime-switch model allowing for differences in income transmission across groups. We find that unequal school opportunity raises average human capital because of assortative matching. However, because income dispersion tends to be higher at the top, in most cases unequal school opportunity decreases intergenerational mobility. Calibrating the model to the USA, simulations suggest that school equalisation and desegregation policies have positive effects on mobility at relatively small efficiency costs.

scholarly journals The impact of demographic change on human capital accumulation

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fertig ◽  
Christoph M. Schmidt ◽  
Mathias G. Sinning
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF INCREASING RETIREMENT AGE ON HEALTH SERVICES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BRAZIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
André Berardo Coelho ◽  
Nelson Leitão Paes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Care Production

This paper uses the Zon and Muysken (2001) model to investigate the effect of increasing the retirement age on health care production, human capital accumulation, and economic growth. All three sectors are interrelated, since the overall level of health affects both workers and the accumulation of human capital, while a higher level of human capital is related to better quality of health. And, finally, health and human capital affect the output of the economy. From the economic growth point of view the results seem to be positive. Increasing labor availability raises productivity in the health sector, which ultimately improves labor productivity, resulting in increased capital accumulation and economic growth. On the other hand, it is estimated a reduction in the propensity to consume and a smaller portion of the labor force allocated in the health sector.

scholarly journals Corruption, Public Expenditure and Human Capital Accumulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-45
Author(s):  
Spyridon Boikos
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the possible non-linear effect of corruption on human capital accumulation through two channels. The first channel is through the effect of corruption on the public expenditure on education and the second channel is through the effect of corruption on the physical capital investment. Initially, we construct an endogenous two-sector growth model with human capital accumulation and we try to explore the impact of corruption on the allocation of public expenditure and therefore on the distribution of human capital across sectors. Then by using a semi-parametric method, we confirm the presence of non-linearities between human capital and corruption.

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