Development of an Adaptive Trajectory Tracking Control of Wheeled Mobile Robot

Classical modeling and control methods applied to differential locomotion mobile robots generate mathematical equations that approximate the dynamics of the system and work relatively well when the system is linear in a specific range. However, they may have low accuracy when there are many variations of the dynamics over time or disturbances occur. To solve this problem, we used a recursive least squares (RLS) method that uses a discrete-time structure first-order autoregressive model with exogenous variable (ARX). We design and modify PID adaptive self-adjusting controllers in phase margin and pole allocation. The main contribution of this methodology is that it allows the permanent and online update of the robot model and the parameters of the adaptive self-adjusting PID controllers. In addition, a Lyapunov stability analysis technique was implemented for path and trajectory tracking control, this makes the errors generated in the positioning and orientation of the robot when performing a given task tend asymptotically to zero. The performance of the PID adaptive self-adjusting controllers is measured through the implementation of the criteria of the integral of the error, which allows to determine the controller of best performance, being in this case, the PID adaptive self-adjusting type in pole assignment, allowing the mobile robot greater precision in tracking the trajectories and paths assigned, as well as less mechanical and energy wear, due to its smooth and precise movements.

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The Spherical Rolling-Flying Vehicle: Dynamic Modeling and Control System Design

Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics ◽

10.1115/1.4050831 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Stefan Atay ◽

Matthew Bryant ◽

Gregory D. Buckner

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Dynamic Model ◽

Dynamic Modeling ◽

Trajectory Tracking ◽

Tracking Control ◽

High Mobility ◽

Theoretical Development ◽

Trajectory Tracking Control ◽

Modeling And Control ◽

And Control

Abstract This paper presents the dynamic modeling and control of a bi-modal, multirotor vehicle that is capable of omnidirectional terrestrial rolling and multirotor flight. It focuses on the theoretical development of a terrestrial dynamic model and control systems, with experimental validation. The vehicle under consideration may roll along the ground to conserve power and extend endurance but may also fly to provide high mobility and maneuverability when necessary. The vehicle employs a three-axis gimbal system that decouples the rotor orientation from the vehicle's terrestrial rolling motion. A dynamic model of the vehicle's terrestrial motion is derived from first principles. The dynamic model becomes the basis for a nonlinear trajectory tracking control system suited to the architecture of the vehicle. The vehicle is over-actuated while rolling, and the additional degrees of actuation can be used to accomplish auxiliary objectives, such as power optimization and gimbal lock avoidance. Experiments with a hardware vehicle demonstrate the efficacy of the trajectory tracking control system.

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AUV Trajectory Tracking Models and Control Strategies: A Review

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse9091020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1020

Author(s):

Daoliang Li ◽

Ling Du

Keyword(s):

Trajectory Tracking ◽

Tracking Control ◽

Reference Model ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽

Trajectory Tracking Control ◽

Open Problems ◽

Modeling And Control ◽

Motion System ◽

And Control

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have been widely used to perform underwater tasks. Due to the environmental disturbances, underactuated problems, system constraints, and system coupling, AUV trajectory tracking control is challenging. Thus, further investigation of dynamic characteristics and trajectory tracking control methods of the AUV motion system will be of great importance to improve underwater task performance. An AUV controller must be able to cope with various challenges with the underwater vehicle, adaptively update the reference model, and overcome unexpected deviations. In order to identify modeling strategies and the best control practices, this paper presents an overview of the main factors of control-oriented models and control strategies for AUVs. In modeling, two fields are considered: (i) models that come from simplifications of Fossen’s equations; and (ii) system identification models. For each category, a brief description of the control-oriented modeling strategies is given. In the control field, three relevant aspects are considered: (i) significance of AUV trajectory tracking control, (ii) control strategies; and (iii) control performance. For each aspect, the most important features are explained. Furthermore, in the aspect of control strategies, mathematical modeling study and physical experiment study are introduced in detail. Finally, with the aim of establishing the acceptability of the reported modeling and control techniques, as well as challenges that remain open, a discussion and a case study are presented. The literature review shows the development of new control-oriented models, the research in the estimation of unknown inputs, and the development of more innovative control strategies for AUV trajectory tracking systems are still open problems that must be addressed in the short term.

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A hierarchical constraint approach for dynamic modeling and trajectory tracking control of a mobile robot

Journal of Vibration and Control ◽

10.1177/1077546321999185 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107754632199918

Author(s):

Rongrong Yu ◽

Shuhui Ding ◽

Heqiang Tian ◽

Ye-Hwa Chen

Keyword(s):

Mobile Robot ◽

Dynamic Modeling ◽

Trajectory Tracking ◽

Tracking Control ◽

Wheeled Mobile Robot ◽

Structural Constraints ◽

Control Force ◽

Trajectory Tracking Control ◽

Motion Constraints ◽

Constraint Approach

The dynamic modeling and trajectory tracking control of a mobile robot is handled by a hierarchical constraint approach in this study. When the wheeled mobile robot with complex generalized coordinates has structural constraints and motion constraints, the number of constraints is large and the properties of them are different. Therefore, it is difficult to get the dynamic model and trajectory tracking control force of the wheeled mobile robot at the same time. To solve the aforementioned problem, a creative hierarchical constraint approach based on the Udwadia–Kalaba theory is proposed. In this approach, constraints are classified into two levels, structural constraints are the first level and motion constraints are the second level. In the second level constraint, arbitrary initial conditions may cause the trajectory to diverge. Thus, we propose the asymptotic convergence criterion to deal with it. Then, the analytical dynamic equation and trajectory tracking control force of the wheeled mobile robot can be obtained simultaneously. To verify the effectiveness and accuracy of this methodology, a numerical simulation of a three-wheeled mobile robot is carried out.

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