Parental contribution analysis in hybrids bred for vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease resistance in cocoa

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Minimol, B. Suma, Mahiya Ummer P.A. Jayasree
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Selection Differential ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Parental Contribution ◽  
Mother Plants

<p>Vascular streak die back (VSD) disease caused by <em>Oncobasidium theobromae </em>(now renamed as <em>Ceratobasidium theobromae</em>), is one of the major threats in cocoa growing countries, mainly becauseit cannot be controlled by any chemical application. In India, this disease outbreak took place during 1990 and it became an unmanageable problem of cocoa trees. Knowing the importance of resistant hybrids for controlling this disease, Kerala Agricultural University took up resistant breeding programme. It was a massive breeding programme which resulted in production of 5921 hybrid seedlings. After nursery screening of these hybrids by subjecting to heavy inoculation load for more than two years from March 1996 to June 1998, only 566 seedlings survived and they were field planted during June 1998. When relative efficiency of mother plants to transfer resistance to their progenies was estimated, it was seen that G VI 126 (Scavina 6) showed maximum recovery of 32.6 per cent after fifteen years of screening. Comparison of efficacy of male parents indicated that G VI 55 showed maximum recovery of resistant parents (168 nos.). During the entire period of investigation, 267 hybrids were found free from the disease. Out of this, only 51 recorded satisfactory yield levels. All these hybrids showed high value for selection differential (S) indicating maximum genetic gain.These hybrids can be used as mother plants for establishing polyclonal garden, as VSD disease resistance is highly heritable and polygenically controlled. The resistant hybrids identified (both high and low yield) can be utilized for further studies employing conventional and molecular breeding methods.</p>

Barley, Disease Resistance, and Molecular Breeding Approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 261-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljinder Singh ◽  
Sahil Mehta ◽  
Sumit Kumar Aggarwal ◽  
Manish Tiwari ◽  
Shafiqul Islam Bhuyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Molecular Breeding

scholarly journals Molecular breeding for the development of multiple disease resistance in Basmati rice

AoB Plants ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (0) ◽  
pp. pls029-pls029 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
V. K. Singh ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
R. T. P. Pandian ◽  
R. K. Ellur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Multiple Disease Resistance

scholarly journals Investigation of the role of AcTPR2 in kiwifruit and its response to Botrytis cinerea infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexin Li ◽  
Jian-Bin Lan ◽  
Yi-Qing Liu ◽  
Li-Wang Qi ◽  
Jianmin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Defensive Enzymes ◽  
Endogenous Phytohormones

Abstract Background: Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit response to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea can provide the basis for its molecular breeding to impart resistance against this disease. In this study, 'Hongyang' kiwifruit served as the experimental material; the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) co-repressor gene AcTPR2 was cloned into a pTRV2 vector (AcTPR2-TRV) and the virus-induced gene silencing technique was used to establish the functions of the AcTPR2 gene in kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea.Results: Virus-induced silencing of AcTPR2 enhanced the susceptibility of kiwifruit to Botrytis cinerea. Defensive enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and endogenous phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) were detected. Kiwifruit activated these enzymes and endogenous phytohormones in response to pathogen-induced stress and injury. The expression levels of the IAA signaling genes—AcNIT, AcARF1, and AcARF2—were higher in the AcTPR2-TRV treatment group than in the control. The IAA levels were higher and the rot phenotype was more severe in AcTPR2-TRV kiwifruits than that in the control. These results suggested that AcTPR2 downregulation promotes expression of IAA and IAA signaling genes and accelerates postharvest kiwifruit senescence. Further, Botrytis cinerea dramatically upregulated AcTPR2, indicating that AcTPR2 augments kiwifruit defense against pathogens by downregulating the IAA and IAA signaling genes.Conclusions: The results of the present study could help clarify the regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance in kiwifruit and furnish genetic resources for molecular breeding of kiwifruit disease resistance.

scholarly journals Assessment of production objective and breeding practices of rural goat keepers and implications for a breeding programme in north central Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
A. Yakubu ◽  
M. M. Achapu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
North Central ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breeding Practices

Goat farming is a veritable source of livelihood of many rural families in Africa. This study aimed at determining prevailing production systems and breeding objectives of rural goat producers in north central Nigeria. A total of 180 rural goat keepers corresponding to 60 per State (Nasarawa, Benue and Plateau) were randomly sampled. Primary data (socioeconomics of respondents, reasons for keeping goats, flock structure, management system, productivity and breeding practices) were collected through individual structured questionnaire administration. Cross tabulations and Chi square (÷2) statistics were used to compare categorical variables, while rank means, arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for within- and between-state comparisons of the continuous variables. While more goat producers were involved in crop farming in Benue State (43.6%), only 34.5 and 21.8% engaged in farming in Plateau and Nasarawa State, respectively. Goats were kept for income generation, milk, meat and cultural/religious functions by about 61.1, 12.8, 15.0 and 6.1% of the producers while the relative importance given by respondents to the different objectives varied significantly (Chi-square=6.62; P< 0.05) across the States. The average flock sizes of goats for Nasarawa (9.68±5.63), Benue (8.25±4.73) and Plateau (8.80±3.98) were not significantly (P>0.05) different. Semi-intensive system predominated (P<0.01). Productivity indices showed that for age of parturition, number of kids of Sahel doe and lifespan of goats, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Among all the breeding traits across the three States, only disease resistance varied (P<0.01). Disease resistance, survival, fertility, number of offspring and body size appeared similar (P>0.05) as preference for production traits. However, growth (83.52-97.68 mean ranks) (Plateau State) and cultural importance (75.28-104.70 mean ranks) (Benue State) varied across the States (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). The present information will be useful in understanding the farmers' production objectives, management and breeding practices as a first step in designing a sustainable breeding programme for rural farmers in the study areas.

scholarly journals Investigation of the role of AcTPR2 in kiwifruit and its response to Botrytis cinerea infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhexin Li ◽  
Jian-Bin Lan ◽  
Yi-Qing Liu ◽  
Li-Wang Qi ◽  
Jianmin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Defensive Enzymes ◽  
Endogenous Phytohormones

Abstract Background: Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit response to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea can provide the basis for its molecular breeding to impart resistance against this disease. In this study, 'Hongyang' kiwifruit served as the experimental material; the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) co-repressor gene AcTPR2 was cloned into a pTRV2 vector (AcTPR2-TRV) and the virus-induced gene silencing technique was used to establish the functions of the AcTPR2 gene in kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea.Results: Virus-induced silencing of AcTPR2 enhanced the susceptibility of kiwifruit to Botrytis cinerea. Defensive enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and endogenous phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) were detected. Kiwifruit activated these enzymes and endogenous phytohormones in response to pathogen-induced stress and injury. The expression levels of the IAA signaling genes—AcNIT, AcARF1, and AcARF2—were higher in the AcTPR2-TRV treatment group than in the control. The IAA levels were higher and the rot phenotype was more severe in AcTPR2-TRV kiwifruits than that in the control. These results suggested that AcTPR2 downregulation promotes expression of IAA and IAA signaling genes and accelerates postharvest kiwifruit senescence. Further, Botrytis cinerea dramatically upregulated AcTPR2, indicating that AcTPR2 augments kiwifruit defense against pathogens by downregulating the IAA and IAA signaling genes.Conclusions: The results of the present study could help clarify the regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance in kiwifruit and furnish genetic resources for molecular breeding of kiwifruit disease resistance.

Disease resistance in rice and the role of molecular breeding in protecting rice crops against diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Fahad ◽  
Lixiao Nie ◽  
Faheem Ahmed Khan ◽  
Yutiao Chen ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Molecular Breeding

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Enhancing Fungal Disease Resistance in Ornamental Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7956
Author(s):  
Manjulatha Mekapogu ◽  
Jae-A Jung ◽  
Oh-Keun Kwon ◽  
Myung-Suk Ahn ◽  
Hyun-Young Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Fungal Disease Resistance ◽  
Ornamental Crops

Fungal diseases pose a major threat to ornamental plants, with an increasing percentage of pathogen-driven host losses. In ornamental plants, management of the majority of fungal diseases primarily depends upon chemical control methods that are often non-specific. Host basal resistance, which is deficient in many ornamental plants, plays a key role in combating diseases. Despite their economic importance, conventional and molecular breeding approaches in ornamental plants to facilitate disease resistance are lagging, and this is predominantly due to their complex genomes, limited availability of gene pools, and degree of heterozygosity. Although genetic engineering in ornamental plants offers feasible methods to overcome the intrinsic barriers of classical breeding, achievements have mainly been reported only in regard to the modification of floral attributes in ornamentals. The unavailability of transformation protocols and candidate gene resources for several ornamental crops presents an obstacle for tackling the functional studies on disease resistance. Recently, multiomics technologies, in combination with genome editing tools, have provided shortcuts to examine the molecular and genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying fungal disease resistance, ultimately leading to the subsequent advances in the development of novel cultivars with desired fungal disease-resistant traits, in ornamental crops. Although fungal diseases constitute the majority of ornamental plant diseases, a comprehensive overview of this highly important fungal disease resistance seems to be insufficient in the field of ornamental horticulture. Hence, in this review, we highlight the representative mechanisms of the fungal infection-related resistance to pathogens in plants, with a focus on ornamental crops. Recent progress in molecular breeding, genetic engineering strategies, and RNAi technologies, such as HIGS and SIGS for the enhancement of fungal disease resistance in various important ornamental crops, is also described.

scholarly journals Genetic dissection of maize disease resistance and its applications in molecular breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mang Zhu ◽  
Lixiu Tong ◽  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Tao Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Genetic Dissection
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