scholarly journals Application of (bio) chemical engineering principles and lumping analysis in modelling the living systems

Author(s):  
Gheorghe Maria
Author(s):  
Víctor De Lorenzo

Synthetic Biology is not just a contemporary update of the recombinant DNA technologies of the past 30 years along with a descriptive language imported from electrical and industrial engineering. It is also a new interpretative key of living systems as well as a declaration of intent on the use and reprogramming of biological objects for human benefit. In the same way that scientific chemistry initiated by Lavoisier evolved into the Chemical Engineering that is the basis of our industrial society, Biology has acquired a transforming potential that will possibly lead to a type of industry and economy very different from the current paradigm. To this end, it is essential to identify bottlenecks that limit the design of biological objects from first principles and not to miss the train of Synthetic Biology at its current foundational stage, when talent -and not the muscle- is what really matters.


Author(s):  
Olivia Macovei

Synthetic biology is an area of ​​technological development and innovative scientific research at the crossroads between biology and technology (bioengineering), that aims to create artificial living systems, either by redesigning living systems that already exist in the natural environment, or by producing organic systems that are quasi-biological, which emulate organic life. A number of research methods and technologies are incorporated in the development of synthetic biology, including genetic engineering, molecular biology and bio-molecular engineering, biophysics, chemical engineering, evolutionary biology, computer and computing engineering, genetics etc. The article aims to analyze the meanings of the term synthetic biology and the technological path that made the emergence of synthetic biology possible, the technological applications of synthetic biology, and starting from all this, to present a series of philosophical perspectives on synthetic biology.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Zhao

Abstract Synthetic biology aims to redesign and reconstruct living systems for understanding life or for useful real-world applications. In the past two decades, scientists have been able to use engineered living systems to produce many kinds of products from bioplastics to drugs, to construct a minimal bacterium with a fully synthetic genome and to store huge amount of information within a cell. And in 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the world, the synthetic biology community became one of the major forces to develop effective diagnostic approaches as well as the drugs and vaccines, to rapidly cope with this great challenge with the state-of-the-art technologies in their hands. In this panel discussion held on 3rd August 2020, eleven pioneering synthetic biologists from six countries across four continents gathered to discuss the development trend, challenges and biosafety issues concerning synthetic biology. George Church Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard and MIT, USA Paul Freemont Professor of Structural Biology in the Department of Infectious Disease at Imperial College and a member of the Science Advisory Board of Tierra Biosciences, UK Akihiko Kondo Professor in School of Science, Technology and Innovation, and Department of Chemical Science and Engineering at Kobe University, Japan Christina Smolke Professor of Bioengineering and of Chemical Engineering at Stanford University and CEO of Antheia Inc., USA Xian-En Zhang Professor at the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Chenli Liu (Chair) Professor and Director of Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Jim Collins Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering & Science and Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT, USA Jay Keasling Professor of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering at the University of California, Berkeley, USA Sang Yup Lee Dean of KAIST Institutes and Distinguished Professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Korea Claudia Vickers Director of the Future Science Platform in Synthetic Biology at Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia Guoping Zhao Professor at the Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China


1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 437-442
Author(s):  
Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽  
Romana Fato ◽  
Giorgio Lenaz

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.


Author(s):  
Robert Corbett ◽  
Delbert E. Philpott ◽  
Sam Black

Observation of subtle or early signs of change in spaceflight induced alterations on living systems require precise methods of sampling. In-flight analysis would be preferable but constraints of time, equipment, personnel and cost dictate the necessity for prolonged storage before retrieval. Because of this, various tissues have been stored in fixatives and combinations of fixatives and observed at various time intervals. High pressure and the effect of buffer alone have also been tried.Of the various tissues embedded, muscle, cartilage and liver, liver has been the most extensively studied because it contains large numbers of organelles common to all tissues (Fig. 1).


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