scholarly journals Evidence on the Advantages of Low Carbon Growth in Jordan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roz Price
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Growth Pathway

There has been a considerable amount of research generally into the benefits associated with low carbon development, showing that it can be synergistic with development priorities – such as job creation, improved public health, social inclusion and improved accessibility (see for example, Gouldson et al., 2018). However, this rapid review finds limited evidence and information around these benefits specifically for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. There has been much interest in green growth in Jordan in the last ten years, particularly as Jordan is seen as having a large renewable energy potential for solar and wind. International organisations have been working with Jordan to develop comprehensive national plans and strategies to encourage green growth investment. Within the Jordanian government, the green growth concept has mainly been promoted by the Ministry of Environment. The World Bank in particular has produced a number of reports that have fed into this review, that explore or touch on green growth in Jordan – however, they themselves recognise that there is a lack of research on the economic and job-generating impacts of a green growth pathway in Jordan, and emphasise the need for further analysis (see specifically Hakim et al., 2017). Many of the green growth statistics referenced are from single reports undertaken a number of years ago – for example, that environmental degradation costs Jordan 2% of its GDP per year comes from a World Bank report written in 2010 and based on data from 2006 (World Bank, 2010). No more recent reviews were found during this rapid review. This review draws on a mixture of academic and grey literature from government and international organisations.

scholarly journals All the King’s Horses and all the King’s Men: International anti-corruption discourse, political economy analysis and assemblage theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Howard Staveley
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Assemblage Theory ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Social Entities ◽  
Economy Analysis

<p>Corruption emerged as a key issue area in international relations and development in the 1990s. However, efforts to control corruption have, to date, been relatively unsuccessful. This has prompted international organisations, like the World Bank, to acknowledge that corruption is a political issue as much as it is an economic one. This shift has led to an increasing use of political economy analysis to inform the anticorruption and governance reform operations of international organisations. This thesis examines political economy analysis as a feature of the expertise housed in the World Bank. It argues that because anti-corruption and governance expertise is essential to the legitimate authority of the organisation, there are risks to that authority if World Bank experts are unable to provide more than highly conventional recommendations for tackling corruption in developing countries. Commentators on development practice have suggested that integrating concepts from complexity science into political economy analysis and adopting an “upside-down” approach to development might be useful to help generate new ideas for controlling corruption. However, this thesis argues that in order to do so, it is necessary to address the philosophical implications of complexity science for mainstream anti-corruption discourse, which is dominated by the positivist assumptions of neo-classical economics. To this end, the thesis argues that Manuel DeLanda’s assemblage theory offers a social ontology in which the relevance of complexity science concepts for social analysis can be developed, and a way of thinking that emphasises how social entities emerge from “the bottom up” without reducing causal explanations to individual human beings and their interests. Social networks, institutional organisations, and cities are examples of social assemblages, real emergent entities with causal power in the world. Mapping social assemblages in political economy analysis, and understanding the relations between social entities and different spatial scales, may reveal new ways of addressing corruption and the intensification of elite domination it enables.</p>

scholarly journals Madagascar’s rosewood (Dalbergia spp.) stocks as a political challenge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O. Waeber ◽  
Derek Schuurman ◽  
Lucienne Wilmé
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Forest Governance ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Background. Malagasy rosewood (Dalbergia spp.) has attracted international attention for centuries due to the high quality and intense coloration of the wood. Rosewood was sourced from the time of the colonial era during the early 20th century. Extraction continued after the country’s independence in 1960. The sourcing of rosewood—almost exclusively from protected areas— escalated to unprecedented levels during the 2000s, which coincided with the political crisis from 2009–2013. It continues unabated. Following pressure by the international community and spearheaded by the World Bank, the Malagasy government started to confiscate and stockpile the precious timber. In 2013, all 45 Malagasy rosewood species were uplifted to CITES Appendix II. In June 2018 the stockpiles were the subject of an internationally-attended workshop in Antananarivo, facilitated by the World Bank. Survey methods. The focus of this study is the period from 2009 to the present. Based on structured literature review and grey literature, we examine the forest governance context, analyse ongoing deforestation, and look at how traders continue to take advantage of ‘loopholes’ created by a combination of semantics and the lack of taxonomic knowledge about the target genera. Results. In this paper we provide an update surrounding the confiscated Malagasy rosewood stocks. With presidential elections scheduled for November and December 2018, we examine plans under way to sell off at least some of the stocks. Forest governance mechanisms are complicated and management is rendered all the more difficult by a lack of technical, human and financial resources. Deforestation remains unchecked, with 2017 levels having been the worst during the past decade. Since 1982, the trading of rosewood has spiked significantly prior to presidential elections. Additionally, corruption escalated during recent years. Conclusions. We argue that, in order to ensure increased transparency and reduce the risk of corruption, the best option to deal with the rosewood stocks, is to hold off on any plans to sell the stocks until such time that uplifting the status of CITES- listed species to Appendix I, has been achieved so as to ensure that the proper mechanisms are put in place to handle the stocks.

scholarly journals Mainstreaming as rhetoric or reality? Gender and global health at the World Bank

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janelle Winters ◽  
Genevie Fernandes ◽  
Lauren McGivern ◽  
Devi Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Policies

Background:Over the past decade gender mainstreaming has gained visibility at global health organisations. The World Bank, one of the largest funders of global health activities, released twoWorld Development Reportsshowcasing its gender policies, and recently announced a $1 billion initiative for women’s entrepreneurship. We summarise the development of the Bank’s gender policies and analyse its financing of gender projects in the health sector. This article is intended to provide background for future research on the Bank’s gender and global health portfolio.Methods:First, we constructed a timeline of the Bank’s gender policy development, through a review of published articles, grey literature, and Bank documents and reports. Second, we performed a health-focused analysis of publicly available Bank gender project databases, to track its financing of health sector projects with a gender ‘theme’ from 1985-2017.Results:The Bank’s gender policy developed through four major phases from 1972-2017: ‘women in development’ (WID), institutionalisation of WID, gender mainstreaming, and gender equality through ‘smart economics’. In the more inclusive Bank project database, projects with a gender theme comprised between 1.3% (1985-1989) and 6.2% (2010-2016) of all Bank commitments.  Most funding targeted middle-income countries and particular health themes, including communicable diseases and health systems. Major gender-related trust funds were absent from both databases. The Bank reports that 98% of its lending is ‘gender informed’, which indicates that the gender theme used in its publicly available project databases is poorly aligned with its criteria for gender informed projects.Conclusion:The Bank focused most of its health sector gender projects on women’s and girls’ issues. It is increasingly embracing private sector financing of its gender activities, which may impact its poverty alleviation agenda. Measuring the success of gender mainstreaming in global health will require the Bank to release more information about its gender indicators and projects.

scholarly journals The World Bank & financing tuberculosis control, 1986-2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Manveer Rahi ◽  
Genevie Fernandes ◽  
Janelle Winters ◽  
Devi Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Public Partnerships

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading contributors to global mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and has had a major socioeconomic cost in recent history. The World Bank is a leading institution for global health governance and financing, but little research has concentrated on the role of the World Bank in global tuberculosis control. Methods: We tracked the development of the World Bank’s policies and associated financial flows for tuberculosis control. First, we performed a scoping review of both published and grey literature. Second, we used the Bank’s Projects & Operations database to construct a dataset of all World Bank projects with funding allocated to the “Tuberculosis” theme from 1986 to 2017.  Finally, we analysed the World Bank’s funding patterns alongside wider funding for tuberculosis using the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Development Assistance for Health database. Results: We identified four periods in the World Bank’s involvement in global tuberculosis control, from the recognition of tuberculosis as a global health issue to the creation of a global coalition against tuberculosis. Between 1986 and 2017 the World Bank undertook 79 projects with financing from its core lending divisions with a tuberculosis control theme or focus. Within the 79 projects the Bank committed 19.6% of funding, or $0.9bn, towards tuberculosis control. The World Bank has been involved in increasingly vertical programming with a growing proportion of project funding invested into tuberculosis control over time. However, after the formation of private-public partnerships against tuberculosis in 2002 such as the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria, the Bank’s core financing decreased and private-public partnerships provided increasing levels of substitutive financing for tuberculosis control. Conclusions: The World Bank has been pivotal in leading global financing, garnering advocacy and creating widespread coalition in the battle against tuberculosis control in recent decades.

scholarly journals Green Growth Is Trusted To Fix Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Robert Skopec
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Economic System ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Main Strategy

'Greening' our current economic system can only take us so far. GTS/Shutterstock You may have missed it, but a recent report declared that the main strategy of world leaders for tackling climate change won’t work. It’s called green growth, and it’s favoured by some of the largest and most influential organisations in the world, including the United Nations and the World Bank.

scholarly journals WHATEVER HAPPENED TO BRAZIL?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
LADISLAU DOWBOR
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Under Lula and Dilma, during the 2003-2013 decade that the World Bank called “the Golden Decade of Brazil”, we had simultaneously economic growth, social inclusion, environment protection and job expansion. With no deficit and very low inflation, and all despite the turbulence of the 2008 crisis. The onslaught on the inclusive policies started in 2014, Dilma was ousted through a thinly disguised coup in 2016, ex-president Lula was jailed for the time of the 2018 election, won by Jair Bolsonaro. Since the old oligarchies and corporate interests took over, the economy is stalled, unemployment has doubled, the Amazon is being cut down, child mortality is growing. The pandemic deepened an already general economic and social crisis. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of what went wrong, centering not on the pandemic itself, but on the deeper structural change that reversed the inclusive growth model of the popular governments. This involves the economy, but also technological, social and political change. The overall thesis is that inclusive development works, austerity does not.

scholarly journals The World Bank & financing tuberculosis control, 1986-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Manveer Rahi ◽  
Genevie Fernandes ◽  
Janelle Winters ◽  
Devi Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Public Partnerships

Background: Tuberculosis is among the leading contributors to global mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and has had a major socioeconomic cost in recent history. The World Bank is a leading institution for global health governance and financing, but little research has concentrated on the role of the World Bank in global tuberculosis control. Methods: We tracked the development of the World Bank’s policies and associated financial flows for tuberculosis control. First, we performed a scoping review of both published and grey literature. Second, we used the World Bank’s Projects & Operations database to construct a dataset of all World Bank projects with funding allocated to the “Tuberculosis” theme from 1986 to 2017.  Finally, we analysed the World Bank’s funding patterns alongside wider funding for tuberculosis using the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Development Assistance for Health database. Results: We identified four periods in the World Bank’s involvement in global tuberculosis control, from the recognition of tuberculosis as a global health issue to the creation of a global coalition against tuberculosis. Between 1986 and 2017 the World Bank undertook 79 projects with financing from its core lending divisions with a tuberculosis control theme or focus. Within the 79 projects, the World Bank committed 19.6% of funding, or $0.9bn, towards tuberculosis control. The World Bank has invested significantly into Direct Observation of Treatment, Short-course chemotherapy (DOTS). After the formation of private-public partnerships against tuberculosis in 2002 such as the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria, the World Bank’s core financing decreased and private-public partnerships provided increasing levels of substitutive financing for tuberculosis control. Conclusions: The World Bank has been pivotal in leading global financing, garnering advocacy and creating widespread coalition in the battle against tuberculosis control in recent decades.

scholarly journals Mainstreaming as rhetoric or reality? Gender and global health at the World Bank

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Janelle Winters ◽  
Genevie Fernandes ◽  
Lauren McGivern ◽  
Devi Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Policies

Background:Over the past decade gender mainstreaming has gained visibility at global health organisations. The World Bank, one of the largest funders of global health activities, released twoWorld Development Reportsshowcasing its gender policies, and recently announced a $1 billion initiative for women’s entrepreneurship. However, the development of the Bank’s gender policies and its financing for gender programmes have never been systematically analysed by external researchers in the context of global health. We use the Bank as a case study of how global health organisations frame their gender policies and measure their success.Methods:We constructed a timeline of the Bank’s governance of gender, through a review of published articles, grey literature, and Bank documents and reports. Additionally, we performed the first health-focused analysis of two publicly available Bank gender project databases, and tracked the Bank's financing of gender projects in the health sector from 1985-2017.Results:The Bank’s gender policy developed through four major phases from 1972-2017: ‘women in development’ (WID), institutionalisation of WID, gender mainstreaming, and gender equality through ‘smart economics’. In the more inclusive of the two Bank project databases, gender projects comprised between 1.3% (1985-1989) and 6.2% (2010-2016) of all Bank commitments, which is significantly less than the Bank’s claim that 98% of its lending is gender informed. Most funding targeted middle-income countries and particular themes, including communicable diseases and health systems. Major gender-related trust funds were absent from both databases.Conclusion:The Bank focused most of its health sector gender projects on women’s and girls’ issues. It is increasingly embracing private sector financing of its gender activities, which may impact its poverty alleviation agenda. Measuring the success of gender mainstreaming in global health will require the Bank and global health organisations to reconsider their use of gender indicators.

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