scholarly journals Z dziejów Karaimów litewsko-polskich w XX wieku

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pełczyński
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Из истории литовско-польских караимов в ХХ векеКараимы — это религиозная и одновременно этническая группа с очень интересной историей и культурой, сформировавшаяся в Крыму около Х века. На литовско-польских землях они живут с конца XIV века. Они сохранились до ХХ века как небольшое меньшинство, в межвоенный период их количество не превышало 1000 человек. Главные скопления караимов находились тогда в Тракае, Вильнюсе, Паневежисе в Литовской республике, в Луцке и Галиче. Они выделялись довольно большой культурной активностью в различных сферах. Однако первая и вторая мировые войны негативно повлияли на так малую общность. Многие погибли во время военных действий. Большинство было переселено, и это вызвало их рассеяние и ассимиляцию в чужом окружении. Большую угрозу для караимов представлял и коммунизм, борющийся со всеми проявлениями религиозной культуры. Несмотря на это, и в настоящее время в Литве и Польше они стараются существовать как особенный народ, хотя в намного меньшем количестве, чем перед войной.On the history of the Lithuanian-Polish Karaims in the 20th centuryThe Karaims are a religious and ethnic group with a very interesting history and culture, who emerged in Crimea around the 10th century. They settled in Poland and Lithuania in the 14th century and survived until the 20th century as a small minority — in the interwar period their population did not exceed 1,000. At that time their main centres were in Trakai, Vilnius, Panevėžys in Lithuania as well as in Lutsk and Halych. They were very active in various areas of culture; however, both the First and the Second World Wars had a negative impact on this small community. Many of its members perished during military operations. Most were forc­ibly resettled, as a result of which they dispersed as a community and became assimilated in foreign environments. Just as dangerous to them was communism, which fought any manifes­tations of religious culture. Nevertheless, today the Karaims still try to live as a distinct people in Lithuania and Poland.

scholarly journals THE ROMA COLLECTION KNOWN AS THE AMARO MUSEUM

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Natalia Gancarz
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regular Event ◽  
Second World ◽  
Museum Exhibition

The first significant exhibition devoted to Roma/ Gypsy history and culture was organised in the Regional Museum in Tarnów in 1979. After its success, collections connected with the history of this ethnic group were initiated. The Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów (the branch of the Regional Museum) opened a permanent exhibition entitled “Gypsies. History and culture” as the first permanent museum exhibition devoted to Roma matters in 1990. The Gypsy collections of the museum amount to almost 1000 exhibits; moreover, it gathers professional photographic, cinematographic and phonographic documentation and archives, and it runs a specialised library. Based on this permanent Roma exhibition and collections, the museum in Tarnów organises numerous cultural and educational projects, as well as those that promote Roma culture and history. The International Roma Caravan Memorial is a regular event which has been organised since 1996. It is a project which consists in a kind of a reconstruction of a Gypsy wandering caravan, during which the participants visit places connected with Roma martyrdom during the Second World War in Małopolska. In addition, the museum publishes a scientific annual entitled “Studia Romologica”.

scholarly journals Employment Problems of Muslim Migrants in France (Exemplified by Paris). Part 1

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Natal’ya R. Zholudeva ◽  
◽  
Sergey A. Vasyutin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Algerian War ◽  
World War ◽  
French Society ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonies ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Second World

The first part of the article briefly covers the history of immigration to France, social conflicts associated with migrants, and the results of French research on discrimination of immigrants in employment. In spite of the high unemployment rate, compared with other European Union countries, France remains one of the centres of migration and receives a significant number of migrants and refugees every year. The origins of immigration to France go back to the mid-19th century. Initially, it was mainly for political reasons, in order to find a job or receive an education. Between the First and the Second World Wars, France accepted both political (e.g. from Russia, Germany and Spain) and labour migrants (from Africa and Indo-China). After World War II, the French government actively invited labour migrants from the French colonies, primarily, from North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco). When the Algerian War ended, the Harkis – Algerians who served in the French Army – found refuge in France. By the late 1960s, the Moroccan and Tunisian communities were formed. Up to the 1980s, labour migration was predominant. However, with time, the share of refugees and those who wanted to move to France with their families started to increase. This caused a growing social and political tension in French society resulting in conflicts (e.g. the 2005 riots in Paris). Moreover, the numerous terrorist attacks and the migration crisis of 2014–2016 had a particularly negative impact on the attitude towards migrants. All these issues have to a certain extent affected the employment of the Muslim population in France.

The Spanish Civil War: New Approaches and Historiographic Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267
Author(s):  
Eduardo González Calleja
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Military History ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The bibliography on the Spanish Civil War is almost unattainable, but the matter continues to elicit such interest that it remains open to new historiographic trends. For example, the ‘classic’ military history of the conflict, cultivated prominently in recent years by Gabriel Cardona, Jorge Martínez Reverte and Anthony Beevor, does not renounce the microhistory or cultural perspective. These constitute the theoretical framework of the New Military History and its corollary the New Combat History, which combine philological, anthropological, psychological and historiographical perspectives to various degrees. In the specific field of the war experiences pioneered by George L. Mosse, the concepts of brutalisation, barbarisation and demodernisation of military operations, coined by Omer Bartov to describe the particularities of the Eastern campaign during the Second World War, are being used by Spanish historians dedicated to the study of the violence and atrocities of the civil war and post-war. Focusing on the field of political history, government management or diplomacy has been studied almost exhaustively, but this is not the case for the principal phenomenon of political violence in the 1930s in Europe, namely paramilitarisation. It is surprising that the latest studies on the issue at the European level (Robert Gerwarth, John Horne, Chris Millington and Kevin Passmore) do not include any essays on the enormous incidence of paramilitary violence in Spain before, during and after the civil war.

scholarly journals YESTERDAY AND TODAY OF KAZAKH KUY

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Bazheneyeva S.
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
General Context ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
History Of

The article discusses the history of the performance of the Kazakh kuy throughout the history of the separation of Kazakhs into a separate ethnic group to the present. Examples are provided to familiarize readers with the general context. Especially we focus on the Kazakh traditional forms of music-making.Since in the 20th century kuy appeared on the stage and was placed within the framework of a European-style concert, this could not but leave an imprint on how kuy was perceived, influenced the situation in the life of the once nomadic society, in the system of its spiritual values and the viability of kuy, especially in an urban environment.Now that the “Kazakh traditional art of dombra kuy” has been included in UNESCO's representative list, stakeholders need to take measures to safeguard the element of intangible cultural heritage.

Housing in the Latin American City, 1900–1976

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Yee
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Housing has been a central feature of Latin America’s dramatic transformation into the most urbanized region of the world. Between 1940 and 1970, the portion of people who lived in urban areas rose from 33 percent to 64 percent; a seismic shift that caused severe housing deficits, overcrowding, and sprawl in Latin America’s major cities. After the Second World War, these urban slums became a symbol of underdevelopment and a target for state-led modernization projects. At a time when Cold War tensions were escalating throughout the world, the region’s housing problems also became more politicized through a network of foreign aid agencies. These overlapping factors illustrate how the history of local housing programs were bound up with broader hemispheric debates over economic development and the role of the nation-state in social affairs. The history of urban housing in 20th-century Latin America can be divided into three distinct periods. The first encompasses the beginning of the 20th century, when issues of housing in the central-city districts were primarily viewed through the lens of public health. Leading scientists, city planners, psychiatrists, and political figures drew strong connections between the sanitary conditions of private domiciles and the social behavior of their residents in public spaces. After the Second World War, urban housing became a proving ground for popular ideas in the social sciences that stressed industrialization and technological modernization as the way forward for the developing world. In this second period, mass housing was defined by a central tension: the promotion of modernist housing complexes versus self-help housing—a process in which residents build their own homes with limited assistance from the state. By the 1970s, the balance had shifted from modernist projects to self-help housing, a development powerfully demonstrated by the 1976 United Nations (UN) Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat I). This seminal UN forum marked a transitional moment when the concepts of self-help community development were formally adopted by emergent, neo-liberal economists and international aid agencies.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Marks
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

Psychotherapy was an invention of European modernity, but as the 20th century unfolded, and we trace how it crossed national and continental borders, its goals and the particular techniques by which it operated become harder to pin down. This introduction briefly draws together the historical literature on psychotherapy in Europe, asking comparative questions about the role of location and culture, and networks of transmission and transformation. It introduces the six articles in this special issue on Greece, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Russia, Britain and Sweden as well as its parallel special issue of History of Psychology on ‘Psychotherapy in the Americas’. It traces what these articles tell us about how therapeutic developments were entangled with the dramatic, and often traumatic, political events across the continent: in the wake of the Second World War, the emergence of Communist and authoritarian regimes, the establishment of welfare states and the advance of neoliberalism.

scholarly journals Professional Activities (1930–1981) of Latvian-Born Lithuanian Architect and Engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Sigitas Vladas Saladžinskas ◽  
Kristina Vaisvalavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
History Of

The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of Kaunas modern architecture in interwar period. K. Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930– 1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.

scholarly journals Latviešu izcelsmes Lietuvas arhitekta un inženiera Kārļa Reisona (1894–1981) darbība (1930–1981) Kauņā, Panevēžā un Adelaidā

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Sigits Vlads Saladžinsks ◽  
Kristina Vaisvalavičiene
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
History Of

Raksts iepazīstina ar latviešu izcelsmes Lietuvas arhitekta un inženiera Kārļa Reisona (Karolis Reisonas; 1894–1981) profesionālo darbību mūža otrajā pusē – no 1930. gada Kauņā, Panevēžā un Adelaidā – un viņa darbu nozīmi Lietuvas arhitektūras vēsturē. K. Reisons bija viens no spilgtākajiem 20. gadsimta starpkaru perioda Lietuvas modernās arhitektūras radītājiem, kopā ar citiem slaveniem Lietuvas arhitektiem veidoja īpašo starpkaru perioda Kauņas modernās arhitektūras stilu. K. Reisons ir reprezentatīvu celtņu Šauļos, Kauņā un citās Lietuvas pilsētās, kā arī Rīgā un Adelaidā autors vai līdzautors. Arhitekts un inženieris K. Reisons strādāja par Šauļu pilsētas inženieri un pašvaldības Būvniecības nodaļas vadītāju (1922–1930), Šauļu arodskolas direktoru (1926), Lietuvas Lauksaimniecības kameras konsultantu (1927–1928), Kauņas pašvaldības Būvniecības nodaļas vadītāju (1930–1938), Panevēžas inženieri (1940) un birģermeistaru (1941–1944). No 1949. gada Reisonu ģimene dzīvoja Adelaidā, Austrālijā. Pēc viņa projektiem Lietuvā uzcelti trīs neatkarības pieminekļi – Šauļu Neatkarības piemineklis, Kauņas Brīvības pieminekļa postaments un Kauņas Romas katoļu Kristus Augšāmcelšanās baznīca. 14 no viņa projektētām celtnēm Kauņā un Šauļos ir iekļautas Lietuvas nekustamo kultūras vērtību sarakstā. Agrīniem K. Reisona projektiem raksturīgs historisms, eklektisma elementi, «ķieģeļu stils», vēlākie projekti iezīmējas ar modernismam raksturīgu askētisko racionālismu, funkcionālismu, piemērošanos pie pilsētbūvnieciskā un kultūrvēsturiskā konteksta. The article introduces the professional activities of Latvian-born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (in Latvian: Kārlis Reisons; 1894–1981) in the second half of his life – from 1930 in Kaunas, Panevėžys and Adelaide cities – and his role in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one  of the most prominent creators of modern 20th-century interwar Lithuanian architecture and together with other famous Lithuanian architects formed a special style of  Kaunas modern architecture in interwar  period. K.  Reisonas is the author or co-author of representative buildings in Šiauliai, Kaunas and other Lithuanian cities, as well as in Riga and Adelaide cities. Architect and engineer K. Reisonas worked as Šiauliai City Engineer and Head of Municipal Construction Department (1922–1930), Director of Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), Consultant of Lithuanian Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928), Head of Construction Department of Kaunas Municipality (1930–1938), Panevėžys City Engineer (1940) and Burgomaster (1941–1944). From 1949, the Reisonas family lived in Adelaide city, Australia. To his projects three monuments of independence were built in Lithuania – Monument of Independence in Šiauliai city, Podium of the Freedom Monument of Kaunas city and Roman Catholic Christ’s Resurrection Church in Kaunas city. Fourteen of buildings in Lithuania (in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities) designed by him are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. Early K. Reisonas’ projects are characterized by historism, elements of eclecticism and «brick style», later projects are characterized by austere rationalism, functionalism, adaptation to urban construction and cultural and historical context.

scholarly journals Professional activities of Latvian born Lithuanian architect and engineer Karolis Reisonas (1894–1981) in Šiauliai

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 100-116
Author(s):  
Sigitas Vladas Saladžinskas ◽  
Kristina Vaisvalavičiene
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
World War ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second World

The article introduces the life of not well-known in Latvia Latvian born Lithuanian Karolis  Reisonas  (in  Latvian:  Kārlis   Reisons;   1894–1981) and his professional activities in Šiauliai city, as well as highlights the main features of the architect’s creative work and the importance of his work in the history of Lithuanian architecture. K. Reisonas was one of the most prominent creators of modern architecture of the 20th century during interwar period in Lithuania. He is the author and co-author of representative buildings in the cities of Lithuania, as well as in Riga and Adelaide (Australia). K. Reisonas graduated from Riga Real School (1913) and St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers (1920). He has worked as the Engineer of the Šiauliai city and Head of the Construction Department of the Municipality (1922–1930), the Director of the Tenth1 Courses of Šiauliai Construction (1925), later –  the Director of the Šiauliai Vocational School (1926), and an Advisor of Lithuania Chamber of Agriculture (1927–1928). Fourteen building to his design in Kaunas and Šiauliai cities are included in the list of cultural values of Lithuania. K. Reisonas’ early projects are characterized by historicism, eclectic elements, of «brick style». Later projects have the features of aesthetic rationalism, functionalism, and adaptation to urban and cultural-historical context. After the Second World War, he and his family immigrated to Germany, later Adelaide in Australia, where he participated in the life of the Adelaide Lithuanian community.

scholarly journals A videóinterjús tanórák hatásai a II. világháború középiskolai történelemoktatásában

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-99
Author(s):  
Benjámin Dávid
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classroom Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

The societies of the countries underwent many difficulties during the history of the 20th century. During World War II, in addition to the military loss of the country, there was a significant loss of civilian population. Due to the changed political circumstances after the war, the processing of these events at the individual, community, and social levels didn’t take place. The research of the MTA–SZTE Oral History and History Education Research Team (2016– 2020) focuses on how to include video interview details with people who have experienced the turning points in the Hungarian history of the 20th century and how to include them in classroom education. Concerning these the classes supplemented with a video details undergoes appropriate (subject-pedagogical) methodological preparation. In my study I examine that Hungary’s participation in the Second World War working group working within a research group how well the classes compiled, supplemented by life-course interviews, attracted the attention of the students, helped them understand the curriculum and its contexts, and what conveyed values to the students.

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