scholarly journals Neoklasyczne teorie dyskryminacji w warunkach konkurencji doskonałej — analiza krytyczna

Ekonomia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Alicja Sielska
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Discrimination Model ◽  
Taste Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Factors

Neoclassical theories of discrimination under conditions of perfect competition — critical analysisThe goal of this article is to analyze the neoclassical theories of discrimination in perfectly competitive labor markets. Based on the conducted considerations, the taste discrimination model, as well as the theory of human capital, demonstrated the lack of validity of these theories over a long period of time. In the short term, however, self-selection contracts or masking curtains seem to be a good solution. Despite this, the period of motherhood, which can be considered one of the most important discrimination factors, remains an unsolved problem.

scholarly journals Does the US Labor Market Reward International Experience?

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
The Us ◽  
Alternative Testing ◽  
International Human ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

A typical strategy for measuring the returns to international experience--comparing the earnings of returning migrants to comparable non-migrants--has been criticized for not adequately accounting for self-selection. I suggest an alternative, testing whether individuals born beyond US borders, but into US citizenship, earn more in US labor markets relative to counterparts born on US soil. Those born abroad to US citizens did not self-select an international experience. Using the ACS, I find that the US market rewards international experience, especially in occupations that value creativity and innovation. Women, in particular, are handsomely rewarded for international human capital.

Characteristics of long-period microtremors and their applicability in exploration of deep sedimentary layers

1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1831-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Yamanaka ◽  
Masayuki Takemura ◽  
Hiroshi Ishida ◽  
Masanori Niwa
Keyword(s):  
Rayleigh Waves ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Sediment Thickness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Applicability of long-period microtremors in inferring subsurface structure is examined using measurements of microtremors in the northwestern part of the Kanto Plain in Japan. Short-term continuous measurements of long-period microtremors at both sediment and basement sites were taken. A spectral peak at a period of 4 to 5 sec is stable with time, while peaks at periods less than 2 sec are time variant, suggesting a variation of microtremor sources. However, it was found that the spectral ratio between vertical and horizontal microtremors (ellipticity) at each site is stable with time. Good agreement was found between ellipticities of microtremors at the sediment site and those computed for Rayleigh waves in which the structure of the sediments beneath the site was taken into account. We also found that the ellipticities of Rayleigh waves in earthquake ground motions were consistent with those of the microtremors. These comparisons provide strong evidence that long-period microtremors in the area studied consist mainly of Rayleigh waves. The ellipticity of microtremors was investigated by observing microtremors at temporary observation sites in the Kanto Plain where the sediment thickness varied from 0 to 1 km. The subsurface structures were deduced by trial-and-error fitting of observed ellipticities with theoretical ellipticities that were calculated assuming Rayleigh waves. These results show that ellipticity of long-period microtremors is effective for deducing structure from microtremor data at a single site.

scholarly journals Are Women Really Less Competitive Than Men? Career Duration in Nordic and Alpine Skiing

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Frick ◽  
Katharina Moser
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Alpine Skiing ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Corporate Executives ◽  
Career Length ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Nordic Skiing

Do women shy away from competition while men compete too much? The available, mostly experimental evidence generally supports these assumptions. However, in contrast to laboratory settings, labor markets do not have random assignment of workers. Instead, individuals—professional athletes and corporate executives—self-select into specific occupations. Using data from Alpine and Nordic skiing over 52 and 37 years respectively, we show that career length of men and women is virtually identical. Thus, when adequately controlling for self-selection into a highly competitive environment, differences between men and women with respect to competitiveness completely disappear.

scholarly journals Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society: the new vision and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Stoyan Nedkov ◽  
John Pickles ◽  
Kliment Naydenov ◽  
Hristina Prodanova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Long Period ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development ◽  
Work And Life

The Journal of Bulgarian Geographical Society was the first scientific geographical journal in the country established in 1933. During the long period of its development, it became a leading journal for publishing scientific results in geography and related interdisciplinary fields in Bulgaria. Geography of the 21st century is expected to contribute to the development of human capital and the knowledge society, to offer place-specific solutions for sustainable regional development and use of the planet’s natural and human capital. One of the main goals of the Bulgarian Geographical Society is to stimulate the geographic community to search for smart spatial solutions which can contribute to meet the challenges of modern society. The Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society will contribute to the achievement of this goal by providing a platform for scientists in the main fields of geography and the interrelated sciences as well as decision-makers, and the interested public to share their knowledge in an efficient and open manner. In these days of continuous speeding up of paces of work and life, the idea of facilitating the sharing of existing knowledge in order to create synergies, new knowledge, and innovation is more than timely and our journal can join the efforts to achieve these goals.

Rethinking Labor Demand

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Phillip Brown
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Orthodox Theory ◽  
Investments In Education ◽  
And Training

This chapter turns to questions of labor demand at the heart of the new human capital. It rejects Gary Becker’s claim that orthodox theory offered an entirely new way of looking at labor markets, where the main focus is on labor scarcity and a skills competition, in which individuals, firms, and nations compete on differential investments in education and training. It also rejects David Autor’s claim that the issue is not that middle-class workers are doomed by automation and technology, but instead that human capital investment must be at the heart of any long-term strategy for producing skills that are complemented by rather than substituted for by technological change. The chapter argues that the new human capital rejects the view that demand issues can be resolved through a combination of technological and educational solutions. Rather a jobs lens is required to shed new light on changes in the occupational structure, transforming the way people capitalize on their education, along with the distribution of individual life chances.

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