Potential of Road Rainwater Harvesting in Yemen – Its Social, Environmental and Economic Benefits: A Case Study of Sana›a – Hodeida Road, Yemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-64
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Al-Maswari ◽  
Sharafadeen A. Saleh ◽  
Fadhl A. Al-Nozaily ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Abyadh
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Design ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Almost All

Abstract In Yemen, farmers and people living along the roads are suffering from the lack of utilization of rainwater runoff from road surface & surrounding area and road water structures. The objectives of this research is to optimize the benefits of Road Rainwater Harvesting (RRWH) to the beneficiaries during road design, construction and operation & maintenance; to suggest a technical outlines; to induce the awareness of road’s engineers on the importance of Integrated Water Harvesting Management (IWHM), in addition to discussing the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The research approach focused on conducting field visits and applying a reconnaissance survey to document the current and potential road rainwater structures along the pilot section of 24 km as part of Sana’a – Al-Hodiedah road between Al- Masajed village and Sooq Al-Aman; Designing and applying questionnaires and interviews for farmers & beneficiaries, and road engineers. The SPSS software program was used to analyze the collected data. From the conducted interviews along the road, it was revealed that almost all the stakeholders have land adjacent to the roadside, and their farms are irrigated from rainwater collected from road structures. All inhabitants considered water floods running from/on the road surface and structures as their rights, and it is distributed at the moment according to the field’s water rights which exist before the road construction. The research found that almost all farmers considered the water from roads as contaminated water. The source of contamination comes from residual oil on the road, diesel, oil from oil shops and suspended soil particles. On the other hand, according to the road engineer’s questionnaire, the concept of water harvesting, groundwater recharge and water for irrigation from road surface and road structures were not considered during design. In addition, the results obtained showed that water-harvesting techniques in the pilot road section is in the form of farmers’initiatives implemented by directing water to their farms for irrigation. The study conclude applying RRWH to protect the road sections from erosion and damage; increase the availability and utilization of water in the areas nearby roads; minimize the erosion of landscape especially in mountainous areas as well as in road embankments; improve the stabilization of the road slopes; and maintain esthetic value of landscape nearby roads. It is recommended that road drainage structure should be located in a proper place to avoid conflicts among farmers and fulfill their water rights. To avoid soil and water contamination by oil, grease and fuel from vehicles along the road, the research recommends that oil workshops should be implemented and forced to collect and recycle oil instead of disposing it on the road surface. RRWH is recommended to be applied to mitigate the damage of terraces during the heavy runoff. The study urges the joint efforts from all stakeholders and road engineers to apply the suggested technical outline in this paper by including rainwater harvesting from roads as part of road design, implementation and maintenance. Keywords: rainwater harvesting, road design, culverts, engineers,stakeholders, farmers, ESIA, Yemen, social and economic benefits.

scholarly journals Effects of Speeds and Weights of Travelling Vehicles on the Road Surface Temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 100077
Author(s):  
Samim Mustafa ◽  
Hidehiko Sekiya ◽  
Aya Hamajima ◽  
Iwao Maeda ◽  
Shuichi Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surface Temperature ◽  
On The Road

scholarly journals STUDI KERUSAKAN JALAN DITINJAU DARI FAKTOR SETEMPAT (STUDI KASUS RUAS JALAN BLANGKEJEREN – LAWE AUNAN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678
Author(s):  
Mulyadi Mulyadi ◽  
Muhammad Isya ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pavement Condition ◽  
Local Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pavement Condition Index ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan road conditions overall is on the slopes of the mountains which is strongly influenced by local environmental factors such as drainage, topography, soil conditions, material conditions and vehicle load conditions across the road. It should be noted in order to avoid a decrease in the road quality due to road surface damage that can affect the traffic safety, comfort and smoothness.. Therefore, it is necessary to study the evaluation of the condition of the damaged road surface and the local factors that affect the damage in order to avoid a decrease in the roads quality. This study took place on Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan roads started from Sta. 529 + 700 - Sta. 535 + 206. Generally, the condition of roads in this segment were found damage that disturb the comfort, smoothness and safety of the roads users. In this study, the primary data obtained by actual surveys in the form of data field length, width, area, and depth of each type of damage as well as local factors that lead to such damage. Actual field surveys conducted along the 5.506 km, with the distance interval of each segment is 100 m. The secondary data obtained from the relevant institutions and other materials related to this research. This study analyzed the PCI method (Pavement Condition Index) to obtain the level of damage in order to know how to handle, while for the identification of the damage done by observation factors descriptively appropriate observation in the field such as the number of damage points. The results of this study found that the type of damage caused to roads is damage to the cover layer, a hole, and curly. This type of damage that commonly occurs on the road Blangkejeren - Lawe Aunan is damage to the edges with a percentage of 87.30%. The local factors that greatly affect drainage on the percentage of damage is 62.00%. PCI average value is 13.47 which indicates a very bad condition (very poor) and requires maintenance or improvement of reconstruction.Abstrak: Kondisi jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan secara keseluruhan berada di lereng pegunungan sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan setempat seperti drainase, topografi, kondisi tanah, kondisi material dan kondisi beban kendaraan yang melintasi jalan tersebut. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan akibat kerusakan permukaan jalan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keamanan, kenyamanan, dan kelancaran dalam berlalu lintas. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian evaluasi terhadap kondisi permukaan jalan yang mengalami kerusakan serta faktor setempat yang mempengaruhi kerusakan tersebut agar tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas jalan. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di ruas jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan yang dimulai dari Sta. 529+700 - Sta. 535+206. Umumnya kondisi ruas jalan pada segmen ini banyak ditemukan kerusakan-kerusakan yang dapat mengganggu kenyamanan, kelancaran, dan keamanan pengguna jalan. Dalam penelitian ini data primer diperoleh dengan melakukan survei aktual lapangan yaitu berupa data panjang, lebar, luasan, dan kedalaman tiap jenis kerusakan serta faktor setempat yang mengakibatkan kerusakan tersebut. Survei aktual lapangan dilakukan sepanjang 5,506 km, dengan jarak interval setiap segmen adalah 100 m. Adapun data sekunder diperoleh dari lembaga terkait dan bahan lainnya yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dianalisis dengan metode PCI (Pavement Condition Index) untuk mendapatkan tingkat kerusakan agar diketahui cara penanganannya, sedangkan untuk identifikasi faktor kerusakannya dilakukan dengan pengamatan secara diskriptif sesuai hasil pengamatan di lapangan berupa jumlah titik kerusakan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa jenis kerusakan yang terjadi pada ruas jalan adalah kerusakan lapisan penutup, lubang, dan keriting. Jenis kerusakan yang umum terjadi pada ruas jalan Blangkejeren – Lawe Aunan adalah kerusakan tepi dengan persentase 87,30 %. Faktor setempat yang sangat mempengaruhi kerusakan adalah drainase dengan persentase 62,00%. Nilai PCI rata-rata yaitu 13,47 yang menunjukkan kondisi sangat buruk (very poor) dan memerlukan pemeliharaan peningkatan atau rekonstruksi.

On the Road to Convergence Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Niki Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
On The Road

Climate change. Lack of food security. Limited access to basic healthcare. These are just some of the big, complex problems facing humanity. Solutions will require out-of-the-box innovation, which is why many governments, institutions, and entrepreneurs around the globe are beginning to embrace the concept of convergence research. The US-based National Science Foundation describes convergence as “a deeper, more intentional approach to accelerating discovery.” Following interdisciplinarity and multidisciplinarity, it is the next stop on a continuum used to describe approaches whereby scientists and experts learn from each other and collaborate across disciplines. It aims to integrate the natural, computational, social, economic, and health sciences in a humanities context, thereby transcending the traditional boundaries of those fields and creating unique opportunities for problem-solving. The concept of convergence research is taking hold, but how effectively is it being implemented? This chapter explores examples from research networks, research institutes, and the private sector to better understand how convergence research is addressing some of society’s most pressing issues. From disruptions in indigenous food systems to emerging issues in mental health, the author explores the benefits and challenges that arise from a convergence research approach.

scholarly journals Road Surface Condition Forecasting in France

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2513-2527 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bouilloud ◽  
E. Martin ◽  
F. Habets ◽  
A. Boone ◽  
P. Le Moigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Surface Temperature ◽  
On The Road

Abstract A numerical model designed to simulate the evolution of a snow layer on a road surface was forced by meteorological forecasts so as to assess its potential for use within an operational suite for road management in winter. The suite is intended for use throughout France, even in areas where no observations of surface conditions are available. It relies on short-term meteorological forecasts and long-term simulations of surface conditions using spatialized meteorological data to provide the initial conditions. The prediction of road surface conditions (road surface temperature and presence of snow on the road) was tested at an experimental site using data from a comprehensive experimental field campaign. The results were satisfactory, with detection of the majority of snow and negative road surface temperature events. The model was then extended to all of France with an 8-km grid resolution, using forcing data from a real-time meteorological analysis system. Many events with snow on the roads were simulated for the 2004/05 winter. Results for road surface temperature were checked against road station data from several highways, and results for the presence of snow on the road were checked against measurements from the Météo-France weather station network.

Experimental Research on Dynamic Characteristics of a Rolling Agricultural Tire (Influence of Running Condition)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhide Fujita ◽  
Takashi Saito ◽  
Mitsugu Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Natural Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Agricultural Machines

When agricultural machines are operated on pavements, the vibration and noise caused by the interaction between the tire lugs and the road surface are inevitable. In conventional studies, it is considered that the dynamic behavior of a rolling agricultural tire is influenced by the vibration characteristics of the tire. Resonance occurs when the lug excitation frequency of the tire, which is defined as the lug number multiplied by the number of revolutions of the tire, becomes equal to the natural frequency of the tire. In other words, the rolling tire shows large vibrations in the direction of the natural mode corresponding to the natural frequency of the tire. However, in the conventional equipment, the diameter of the drum is smaller than that of the tire. Therefore, the real running condition on the road was not realized by the rolling test using the conventional equipment. In this study, a new equipment is produced to realize the running condition in the rolling test. The dynamic and vibratory characteristics of operating agricultural machine are investigated by using this new equipment. The obtained results are compared to the conventional ones and the influence of the running condition on dynamic characteristics of rolling tire is investigated.

Experiment with Reduced Salting of Rural Main Roads in Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 1533 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Kallberg
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

An experiment was conducted in the road district of Kuopio in the winters of 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 in which the use of salt in winter maintenance on rural main roads was reduced to 1 to 2 T/road kilometer from the approximately 10 T of salt that typically had been used per road kilometer in similar conditions in recent years. On the experimental roads, salting was replaced by sanding. The cost of winter maintenance on the experimental roads increased by 20 percent on average, and the increase was higher on roads with higher traffic volumes. Slippery conditions due to ice and snow on the road surface were twice as frequent (30 to 40 percent of the time) on the experimental roads as on the control roads in the neighboring road district. There were 27 injury accidents on the experimental roads in the first winter and 25 in the second. This was about the same as the average of the five previous winters. Because the accident trend on other roads in the same time was decreasing, it was concluded that the experiment increased the number of injury accidents by approximately 20 percent on most experimental road sections. Reduced salting decreased the sodium and chloride concentrations in the needles of roadside pine trees. There were also indications of decreased sodium and chloride concentrations in groundwater. Three quarters of the population in the area was pleased with the experiment.

scholarly journals Does the shape of the road influences wildlife roadkills? Evidence from a highway in Central Andes of Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Julián Arango Lozano ◽  
Dahian Patiño-Siro
Keyword(s):  
Central Andes ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Highway Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Design ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Transition Curves ◽  
Wildlife Mortality

Highway infrastructure is a source of multiple environmental problems, where wildlife roadkills is the most noticeable impact. Most of research in roadkills have focused in how different aspects as seasons, traffic density, location of roads, among others, have implications in the wildlife mortality on roads. However, little research have been developed on understanding how geometrical road design affects wildlife mortality. On a highway in the central Andes of Colombia, we tested whether the geometric design, it is horizontal alignment and vertical curves influence the mortality of vertebrate animals on the road. We determined the number of straight lines, circular, transition curves and vertical convex curves along the entire route of the highway (13.9 km), and between April 2018 and December 2019 we made 4 weekly tours in search of wildlife roadkills. With records, we related and compared groups of animal deaths and road shapes. We got 95 roadkills where reptile’s deaths were more than the 47% of total. We found no dependence in the distribution of deaths by Class of animals on the road shapes; the shape in which most deaths occurred was straight line (58 deaths). However, when the mortality rate per meter of route was obtained on the shape units, we found that the circular and transition curves presented two and three times (respectively) higher mortality rates than straight lines. Curved sections are presented as more dangerous geometric designs than straight lines for wildlife, regardless of their length on the road. Our research provides information necessary to take into account the relationship of geometric road design in the development of management and conservation plans of altered ecosystems with road infrastructure.

scholarly journals Heat flux on the road surface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.YU. Pankov ◽  
A.V. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF TRUCK TIRES AS TO IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGES WHICH ARE FORMED AS A RESULT OF OPERATIONAL TIRE WEAR OR PRODUCT DEFECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-451
Author(s):  
A. Frolov ◽  
O. Shabratko
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Specific Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
General Increase ◽  
The Road ◽  
Truck Tires ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Product Defect ◽  
External Inspection

The sequence of carrying out of researches of tires of a freight vehicle on the basis of expert practice is considered. The research of tires of a truck has been conducted, an example of an expert research of tires is resulted, as a result of which the causes of damage of tires were established. The tire connects the vehicle to the road, perceives its weight, braking effort and dynamic impact that arises due to the roughness of the road surface. It is not uncommon for the vehicle to operate even on roads with a satisfactory road surface and damage to the tires. Damage to the tires can be generated as a result of industrial damage (factory defect) and as a result of operational damage. The most common and serious cause of premature wear and damage to tires is non-compliance with the established air pressure norms and overload tires. Changing the configuration of the profile and increasing the deformation of the bus cause an increase in the voltage in its material. As a result, it increases its premature wear. At increased load (overload) the tension voltage in the places of contact of the tire with the road increases and its specific pressure on the road, from which the tread wears away more quickly. Overvoltage in the material and increase in deformation is accompanied by a general increase in friction and heat formation in the tire. At increased load (overload) the tension voltage in the places of contact of the tire with the road increases and its specific pressure on the road, from which the tread wears away more quickly. Overvoltage in the material and increase in deformation is accompanied by a general increase in friction and heat formation in the tire. In the course of the research it was established that the tires Satoya SD 062-III have operational damage, the detects damage to the tires was formed as a result of their operation, which could contribute to vehicle overload, non compliance with tire pressure and the movement of the vehicle on roads with improper road surface. External inspection the examination of Satoya SD 062-III tires showed no signs of industrial damage (factory defects).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document