scholarly journals Mujeres con VIH-SIDA en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en Lima, Perú.

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Lely SOLARI ZERPA ◽  
Luis Miguel VALDEZ ◽  
Juan ECHEVARRIA ZARATE ◽  
Eduardo GOTUZZO HERENCIA
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Heterosexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the women infected with the Human Inmunodefficiency Virus (HIV) who were seen at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia from January 1989 to December 1996. Material and Methods: We did a retrospective chart review of their demographic and medical registers. We used the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) classification for the HIV infection. (Stages I-IV). Results: We included 236 women, from 17 to 60 years old, with a mean age of 30.4 years. The number of diagnosed cases per year of infected women increased from 5 in 1989 to 63 in 1996. The probable means of acquisition of infection was heterosexual intercourse in 212 patients (90.2%). Only had one sexual partner in her life 113 (47.8%) of the patients seen. There were 4 (1.6%) sexual workers and there were no intravenous drug users. A percentage of 23.4% have had other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), and these were more prevalent in women who had risky sexual practices (p=0.005). Out of the 236, 69 women had diagnosis of Acquired Inmunodefficiency Syndrome (AIDS) The most frequent AIDS-defining condition was the Wasting Syndrome in 23 women (33.3%). There were 19 deaths within the study period. The mean survival time after the AIDS diagnosis was 10.6 months and the most frequent death cause was Tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia. Conclusion: The fact of having a predominantly heterosexual transmission and that there is a high percentage of monogamous women and women with few sexual partners make us suppose that it is probably their partners risk sexual behavior what exposes women to HIV infection. We must underline the importance of an adequate information to women who start their sexual life and of the risks these bring, and the diffusion of the use of condoms to prevent this infection.

scholarly journals Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection – Strategies for Prevention

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Conway ◽  
D William Cameron ◽  
Francis A Plummer ◽  
Allan R Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

In Canada, over 90% of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome cases diagnosed so far have been acquired sexually, with an increasing proportion made up of heterosexual contacts of high risk individuals. In multiple studies, the transmission rate among steady heterosexual partners of infected individuals has been variable. It is likely that complex biological and epidemiological interactions exist between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases with respect to transmission and disease. Other important determinants in transmission of infection may relate to the virus itself. The importance of sexual practices other than vaginal intercourse (such as anal intercourse) in the heterosexual transmission of HIV has not been well studied. The major approach to the control of HIV-associated disease remains the control of primary infection. Sexual practices which are the major epidemiological determinants of HIV transmission can be successfully modified by appropriate educational interventions. The promotion of condom use must form a special part of these interventions. Results of ongoing trials should be available prior to the formulation of recommendations for the use of spermicides. Targeted education programs may allow us to make better use of our resources in a more efficient way. In Canada, groups that could be reached by such programs include: prostitutes and their clients; men and women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics; sexually active women attending family planning clinics; and children and adolescents who are becoming sexually active.

Heterosexual activity of male prisoners in England and Wales

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Green ◽  
J P Hetherton ◽  
J Heuston ◽  
C Whiteley ◽  
J Strang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Involvement ◽  
Number Of Sexual Partners ◽  
Male Prisoners

A random sample of 1009 adult male prison inmates from 13 prisons covering short-, medium- and long-term establishments across England and Wales was interviewed about sexual behaviour, drug use and tattooing, inside and outside of prison. We report here on their heterosexual behaviour. Inmates had had a high number of sexual partners compared to population samples. The majority of sexual partners were casual and there were high levels of sexual involvement with injecting drug users and with prostitutes. Prisoners engaged in more risky sexual practices than did the general population and used condoms infrequently. A high number of prisoners had also injected drugs. Inmates reported a high frequency of past sexually transmitted diseases.

Heterosexual behaviour, risk factors and sexually transmitted infections among selfclassified homosexual and bisexual men

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Evans ◽  
R A Bond ◽  
K D Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Heterosexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Bisexual

Our study of men presenting at a genitourinary medicine clinic shows that self-classification into homosexual or bisexual does not accurately define behaviour. We found that 8.5% of self-defined homosexual men had had heterosexual intercourse in the past year and that 26% of self-defined bisexual men had not. Overall, 19% of homosexual/bisexual men reported vaginal intercourse in the past year and a further 42% in their lifetime. Compared with heterosexual men attending our clinic, the practising bisexual men were significantly more likely to come from a white ethnic group ( P 0.003) and to use condoms invariably with regular female partners ( P =0.0001). There was no significant difference in consent for HIV testing between homosexual (43%), practising bisexual (49%) and heterosexual (42%) men despite significantly different perceptions of risk. None of the practising bisexual men was seropositive for HIV infection ( P =0.06) or for syphilis ( P =0.02), or had chlamydial infection, which was found infrequently among homosexual men in general ( P =0.00001). HIV infection found in 19.4% of the exclusively homosexual men was associated with more frequent alcohol consumption ( P =0.06). <

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexual Practices among Injecting Drug Users in Harm Reduction Centers in Catalonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinta Folch ◽  
Jordi Casabona ◽  
M. Teresa Brugal ◽  
Xavier Majó ◽  
Anna Esteve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

HIV infection and asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections in a rural South African community

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 548-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Colvin ◽  
S S Abdool Karim ◽  
C Connolly ◽  
A A Hoosen ◽  
N Ntuli
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
South African ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
History Of ◽  
African Community ◽  
Partner Concurrency

The objective was to determine the prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections STIs in a rural community. A population based survey of adults in 110 homesteads was conducted in 1995. A questionnaire on demographics, sexual practices and history of STDs was administered. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections were detected using ligase chain reaction LCR assay of urine. The seroprevalence of syphilis rapid plasma reagin RPR and Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay TPHA and HIV infection ELISA was determined. Among 259 subjects the prevalence of HIV was 10.5 , N. gonorrhoeae 4.5 , C. trachomatis 6.1 and active syphilis 8.8 . All infections were asymptomatic. Forty per cent of sexually active men had more than one concurrent sexual partner. Only 14 of subjects had ever used condoms. The STI epidemic is being promoted by high levels of asymptomatic infections, high partner concurrency and low condom use.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF MANIFESTATIONS OF THE EPIDEMIC PROCESS OF HIV INFECTION IN RELATION WITH THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION FOR ADDICTION (IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
C. T. Agliullina ◽  
R. F. Haeva ◽  
F. I. Nagimova
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sexual Transmission Of Hiv ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The aim of the study is to characterize the trends in the development of the epidemic process of HIV infection in connection with the epidemiological situation of drug addiction in the Republic of Tatarstan.Materials and methods. The official statistical data on the incidence of HIV infection and drug addiction in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period 1987–2016, the data on the prevalence for 2001 and 2016 are analyzed.Results. Direct correlation of the prevalence of HIV infection and prevalence of drug addiction in the different territories of the Republic of Tatarstan were identified for 2001 data (r=0,81, p<0,001) and for 2016 (r=0,82, p<0,001). A statistically significant increase in the incidence of HIV infection in the population against the background of a decrease in the incidence of drug addiction was demonstrated. In the early stages of the epidemic in the region HIV infection spread mainly through injecting drug use and, in recent years, HIV has been sexually transmitted mainly through heterosexual contact.Conclusion. The output of infection outside the population of injecting drug users and the prevalence of sexual transmission of HIV in recent yearsare a reflection of adverse trends in the direction of generalization of the epidemic of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Psychiatric response to the AIDS epidemic in the United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
James Satriano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
First Case

In the early 1980s, when the first cases of AIDS were being reported in the gay population and among intravenous drug users, epidemiological research indicated that the disease was both blood-borne and sexually transmitted. Mental health care workers had little concern about infection among people with serious and persistent mental illness, because this population was felt to be too disabled to engage in the sexual or needle-sharing behaviours that put one at risk. Yet the first case of AIDS in a US state psychiatric facility was diagnosed in 1983, when a woman in her mid-20s, who had been hospitalised for several months, developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (Cournos et al, 1989). This case was quite shocking to the treatment team, for two reasons: first, AIDS had unexpectedly entered the psychiatric population; and second, the person infected was a woman, when the disease was being reported almost exclusively in men in the United States.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections may assume an increasingly important role in the evolution of HIV transmission in Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Lowndes
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Sexual Transmission Of Hiv

Findings presented at the XIV International AIDS conference in Barcelona last week (7-12 July 2002) indicate that sexual transmission of HIV is assuming increasing importance in the western European context, in terms both of increased rates of reported new cases of heterosexual transmission, and of continuing transmission between men who have sex with men (MSM) (1). In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, Belgium and Denmark, relatively high and increasing proportions of new cases of heterosexual HIV transmission occur in migrants from countries with generalised HIV epidemics, where prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) may also be high (2-4). In other countries, particularly those of southern Europe, there is evidence of significant ongoing heterosexual transmission from injecting drug users (IDUs) (predominantly male) to their sexual partners (5).

Risky behaviors of HIV infection among drug dependents in Egypt

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 34-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Elsawy ◽  
I.M. Al-Kabash
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Drug Injection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Multiple Partners ◽  
Hiv Aids

BackgroundThe objective was to study risky behaviors for HIV infection by drug dependents and assess their needs for prevention.MethodologyThis study was conducted on 188 drug addicts using a pre tested and pre designed qustionnaire sheet.ResultsThe majority of studied addicts were ageing 20–40 years (81.4%), males (88.8%), of urban residence(69.7%) and of single marital status (69.7%). Illiteracy represented 10.6% and 22.3% were unemployed. Practicing drug injection was found among 44.7% out of them 42.9% shared needles. Knowledge about HIV/AIDS was found among the majority of studied addicts but deeper knowledge about modes of transmission was defective. Only 11.2% were ever screened for HIV compared with 43.6% for viral hepatitis. Risk perception for HIV infection was found among 28.6% of injecting drug users and 22% of addicts with unsafe sexual relations. Nearly two thirds had extramarital sex with multiple partners while 66.9% reported never use condoms. Hepatitis B and C and sexually transmitted infections were significanlty higher among dependents with unsafe sexual behaviros and drug injection.ConclusionRisky behaviors for HIV infection are common among studied addicts. Their risk perception and knowledge about HIV/AIDS was, however, found defective. There is urgent need for outreach programs to increase their awarness about harm reduction meaures.

The changing face of women living with HIV in western Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Dethier ◽  
Natasha Rybak ◽  
Priya Hirway ◽  
Mariya Bachmaha ◽  
Jennifer Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Drug ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Intravenous Drug Use ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Western Ukraine

Ukraine has the second largest HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe/Central Asia. This study characterizes the demographics of HIV-infected women in the Lviv region of western Ukraine, patterns in their clinical presentation, and factors associated with delays in seeking care. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 622 HIV-infected women who registered for HIV treatment at the Lviv AIDS Center between 2008 and 2013. A total of 81.6% of women were infected through heterosexual transmission and the remaining 18.4% through intravenous drug use. Slightly less than half (45.4%) was between 26 and 35 years old. Slightly more than half (56.7%) listed their residence in a city, 22.6% in villages. One-third (30.0%) of all women presented with AIDS, and 37.7% presented with symptomatic conditions. Women diagnosed with HIV during antenatal care experienced a median delay of 34 days between diagnosis and registration, compared to 87.5 days for nonpregnant women tested in the context of intravenous drug use. Overall, HIV-infected women in western Ukraine experience time delays in care, and often present with advanced HIV disease and secondary complications. Linkage to care in a timely manner is a high priority and substantial challenge for women, particularly for intravenous drug users who may face stigma and other additional barriers.

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