scholarly journals The Use of Ceftriaxone Compared to Chloramphenicol in Typhoid Fever Treatment: an Evidence Based Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Jeffry Adijaya Susatyo
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
First Line Treatment

Typhoid fever is a disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella typhi. Since its introduction in 1949, chloramphenicol for decades become a first-line treatment of typhoid fever. Until now, chloramphenicol is still the first line treatment of typhoid fever in rural areas in Indonesia, especially due to its low cost. However, in addition to the problem of bacterial resistance, chloramphenicol is known to cause side effect such as bone marrow suppression. Right now many other antibiotics are used as regimens for treatment of typhoid fever, one of which is ceftriaxone. This report is created to answer the clinical question whether ceftriaxone is more effective compared to chloramphenicol as first-line treatment of typhoid fever. Structured search was performed on PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect and after a screening process and appraisal using criteria from Center of Evidence Based Medicine at Oxford University, three articles were selected. Two of the three articles demonstrate higher effectiveness of chloramphenicol in term of defervescence rate (P = 0.35 and P > 0.05). On the other hand, the third article shows higher effectiveness of ceftriaxone in term of defervescence rate (P = 0.0001). The conclusion drawn is that ceftriaxone showed better effectiveness in the treatment of typhoid fever compared to chloramphenicol.

scholarly journals DEMAM TIFOID: MANIFESTASI KLINIS, PILIHAN TERAPI DAN PANDANGAN DALAM ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Yelvi Levani ◽  
Aldo Dwi Prastya
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
First Line ◽  
Therapeutic Choice ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
First Line Treatment

Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease of the digestive system caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi. Typhoid fever is a global infectious disease in which an estimated 26.9 million cases of typhoid fever are found worldwide. Typhoid fever is especially common in developing countries because it is associated with poor sanitation. Clinical manifestations of typhoid fever that arise can vary from mild to severe symptoms. Symptoms of typhoid fever that are often found are fever, malaise, abdominal pain and constipation. Culture examination is a gold standard examination in establishing the diagnosis of typhoid fever. But this examination is rarely done. The first-line treatment option for typhoid fever is chloramphenicol. However, as the bacterial resistance to chloramphenicol increases, the main therapeutic choice for typhoid fever is the fluoroquinolone antibiotic.

Experience with an evidence-based protocol using fibrinolysis as first line treatment for empyema in children

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1312-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra C. Gasior ◽  
E. Marty Knott ◽  
Susan W. Sharp ◽  
Daniel J. Ostlie ◽  
George W. Holcomb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
First Line Treatment

scholarly journals Glucocorticoids in Graves’ orbitopathy: mechanisms of action and clinical application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204201882095833
Author(s):  
Jan Längericht ◽  
Irene Krämer ◽  
George J. Kahaly
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Graves Orbitopathy ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
First Line Treatment

Background: Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of the autoimmune Graves’ disease. GO significantly impacts quality of life and has a psycho-social morbidity. Inflammation and swelling of the orbital tissue often leads to proptosis, diplopia, and decrease of visual acuity. Due to the inflammatory background of the disease, glucocorticoids (GC) have been used as a first-line treatment for decades. Methods: PubMed and MeSH database were searched for original articles, clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses published between 1 January 2000 and 31 March 2020 and pertaining to both the mechanism of action and immunological effects of GC as well as to the treatment of GO by GC. The publications were evaluated according to their setting and study design. Results: GC act through genomic (trans-activation and trans-repression) and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. GC in general, and the intravenous (IV) administration of GC in particular, markedly decrease the activity and number of the most potent antigen-presenting dendritic cells. According to the internationally acknowledged European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the management of GO, weekly IVGC application over 12 weeks is recommended as first-line treatment for patients with active and severe GO. The daily and cumulative dose should be tailored according to clinical severity, for example, 4.5 g of IV methylprednisolone for the inflammatory component versus 7.5 g in the presence of diplopia and severe proptosis. Fast and significant improvements in orbital symptoms and signs are noted in 65–70% of patients. Long-term experience over decades, and worldwide availability at low cost, underline the clinical and therapeutic relevance of GC. Adverse events are rarely severe, dose-dependent, and usually reversible, hence easy to handle by medical investigators. Oral GC application on a daily basis is characterized by high bioavailability but reduced efficacy and increased toxicity. Conclusion: IVGC still represents the standard of care in active/severe GO. Innovative biologicals, like monoclonal antibodies targeting the thyrotropin/Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors or pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Interleukin-6) should be compared with standard GC treatment with respect to short- and long-term efficacy, safety, costs, and global availability.

scholarly journals Increasing use of linezolid in a tertiary NICU during a 10-year period: reasons and concerns for the future

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Matrat ◽  
Frank Plaisant ◽  
Christine Barreto ◽  
Olivier Claris ◽  
Marine Butin
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Persistent Bacteremia ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
First Line Treatment

Abstract Background Linezolid has been increasingly used in tertiary NICUs. The objectives of this study were to explore the indications of these linezolid prescriptions, to analyze a possible misuse and to provide solutions to avoid such misuse. Methods A monocentric retrospective cohort study included all neonates hospitalized in one tertiary NICU between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2019 and who received at least one administration of linezolid. These data were confronted to epidemiological and antibiotic use data from the same NICU. Two independent pediatricians secondarily classified linezolid uses as adequate or not. Results During the study period, 66 infections in 57 patients led to linezolid use. Most patients were pre-term and 21 patients (37%) died. Infections were mainly related to methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci and were frequently either pneumoniae (35%) or isolated bacteremia (48%), including 25 persistent bacteremia (64% of the 39 bacteremia). Need for a better tissue distribution or first-line treatment failure were the main reasons to initiate linezolid. Linezolid was administered for a median duration of 7 [3;10] days. No side effects were reported. Twenty-two (33%) of the 66 linezolid prescriptions were retrospectively classified as inadequate. Conclusions A rapid increase in linezolid prescriptions has been observed in our tertiary NICU, from 2014 to 2019, with 33% inadequate uses. This worrisome trend should lead to search for therapeutic alternatives and to work on antibiotic stewardship to prevent the emergence of new antimicrobial bacterial resistance.

scholarly journals Canadian evidence-based guideline for the first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Owen ◽  
A. S. Gerrie ◽  
V. Banerji ◽  
S. Assouline ◽  
C. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Treatment Guideline ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Adult Leukemia ◽  
Evidence Based Guideline ◽  
First Line Treatment

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) is the most common adult leukemia in North America. In Canada, no unified national guideline exists for the front-line treatment of cll; provincial guidelines vary and are largely based on funding. A group of clinical experts from across Canada developed a national evidence-based treatment guideline to provide health care professionals with clear guidance on the first-line management of cll. Consensus recommendations based on available evidence are presented for the first-line treatment of cll.

scholarly journals Knowledge and perception of the French ANSM recommendations for acute odontogenic cellulitis in French private dental practices: a national survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Emeline Noaillon ◽  
David Hajage ◽  
Nathan Moreau ◽  
Sylvie Azogui-Levy ◽  
Vianney Descroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Dental Practices ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Line Treatment

Introduction: Caring for acute odontogenic cellulitis involves drainage, treatment of the tooth and the administration of antibiotic therapy (ANSM 2011). The emergence of bacterial resistance mechanisms has led to formulating actions to promote better use of antibiotics, but France stay one of the largest consumers in Europe. Objectives: Evaluate the impact of ANSM's recommendations on dental surgeons in France for treatment of this affection. Methods: We performed a national survey with 12365 practitioners who received the questionnaire by email. Results: On 690 responder practitioners, 13% followed the recommendations to the letter and 70.5% performed a clinical intervention on the day of emergency. Only 1/3 of cases involved the prescription of amoxicillin alone for first line treatment. Conclusion: Few data exist on the evaluation of the impact of recommendations regarding this subject, but it is generally accepted it they are seldom followed. The reasons expressed are many: disagreement between practitioners on the efficiency of recommendations, lack of time and organizational constraints.

scholarly journals Increasing use of linezolid in a tertiary NICU during a 10-year period: reasons and concerns for the future

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Matrat ◽  
Frank Plaisant ◽  
Christine Barreto ◽  
Olivier Claris ◽  
Marine Butin
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Persistent Bacteremia ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
First Line Treatment

Abstract Background: Linezolid has been increasingly used in tertiary NICUs. The objectives of this study were to explore the indications of these linezolid prescriptions, to analyze a possible misuse and to provide solutions to avoid such misuse.Methods: A monocentric retrospective cohort study included all neonates hospitalized in one tertiary NICU between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2019 and who received at least one administration of linezolid. These data were confronted to epidemiological and antibiotic use data from the same NICU. Two independent pediatricians secondarily classified linezolid uses as adequate or not.Results: During the study period, 66 infections in 57 patients led to linezolid use. Most patients were pre-term and 21 patients (37%) died. Infections were mainly related to methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci and were frequently either pneumoniae (35%) or isolated bacteremia (48%), including 25 persistent bacteremia (64% of the 39 bacteremia). Need for a better tissue distribution or first-line treatment failure were the main reasons to initiate linezolid. Linezolid was administered for a median duration of 7 [3;10] days. No side effects were reported. Twenty-two (33%) of the 66 linezolid prescriptions were retrospectively classified as inadequate. Conclusions: A rapid increase in linezolid prescriptions has been observed in our tertiary NICU, from 2014 to 2019, with 33% inadequate uses. This worrisome trend should lead to search for therapeutic alternatives and to work on antibiotic stewardship to prevent the emergence of new antimicrobial bacterial resistance.

scholarly journals Increasing use of linezolid in a tertiary NICU during a 10-year period: reasons and concerns for the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Matrat ◽  
Frank Plaisant ◽  
Christine Barreto ◽  
Olivier Claris ◽  
Marine Butin
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Persistent Bacteremia ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
First Line Treatment

Abstract Background Linezolid has been increasingly used in tertiary NICUs. The objectives of this study were to explore the indications of these linezolid prescriptions, to analyze a possible misuse and to provide solutions to avoid such misuse. Methods A monocentric retrospective cohort study included all neonates hospitalized in one tertiary NICU between January 1st, 2010 and December 31st, 2019 and who received at least one administration of linezolid. These data were confronted to epidemiological and antibiotic use data from the same NICU. Two independent pediatricians secondarily classified linezolid uses as adequate or not. Results During the study period, 66 infections in 57 patients led to linezolid use. Most patients were pre-term and 21 patients (37%) died. Infections were mainly related to methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci and were frequently either pneumoniae (35%) or isolated bacteremia (48%), including 25 persistent bacteremia (64% of the 39 bacteremia). Need for a better tissue distribution or first-line treatment failure were the main reasons to initiate linezolid. Linezolid was administered for a median duration of 7 [3;10] days. No side effects were reported. Twenty-two (33%) of the 66 linezolid prescriptions were retrospectively classified as inadequate. Conclusions A rapid increase in linezolid prescriptions has been observed in our tertiary NICU, from 2014 to 2019, with 33% inadequate uses. This worrisome trend should lead to search for therapeutic alternatives and to work on antibiotic stewardship to prevent the emergence of new antimicrobial bacterial resistance.

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