scholarly journals Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat di Kawasan Golden Crescent: Analisis Geopolitik terhadap Kejahatan Transnasional

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Hilda Ariastuti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Opium Trade

This article analyzes the phenomenon of transnational organized crimein the Golden Crescent, one of the biggest producers of opium globally,and the United States’ involvement in the region. The author discussesthe production base for opium in the Golden Crescent by focusing onone country, namely Afghanistan. There are two main findings in thisstudy, namely the Golden Crescent region as a significant producer anddistributor of the global opium trade; and the business and politicalinterests that the United States brought in its invasion of Afghanistan. Oneof them is his interest in drug trafficking, which is considered to be highlyprofitable. This research concludes that the United States has politicaland economic advantage motives in its invasion of Afghanistan and itsinvolvement in the Golden Crescent.

scholarly journals Cuba, United States and fight against drug trafficking: ups and downs of a necessary cooperation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Santiago E. Bejerano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Modern World ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Common Security

Given the geostrategic importance of Cuba for the entire American continent and the increasing complexity of the nature of security as such, and accordingly, of the mechanisms of ensuring it in the modern world, the problem of drug trafficking is rather high on the agenda of the U.S.-Cuban relations. The article examines the issue of combating drug trafficking in the context of bilateral relations between Cuba and the United States in order to assess the prospects for joint efforts on this track. The author presents a retrospective of mostly unilateral initiatives by U.S. presidents that did not lead to real tangible results, in particular due to the prevailing erroneous approach of militarization in the fight against drug trafficking. The new century requires new forms and a qualitatively higher level of interaction. With a noticeable warming in the dialogue with Cuba under Barack Obama the situation has changed in many respects, and quite a few initiatives of bilateral nature began to bear fruit. Nevertheless, with Donald Trump’s rise to power, there is an obvious setback in the rapprochement, in proof of which the author gives examples of specific destructive steps, although this position of the administration met if not open criticism, then proposals for alternative scenarios of the development of contacts between the states. The potential that exists in both countries for cooperation in this area can be realized provided that the interests of common security prevail over political disagreements and state channels of cooperation are strengthened, with the dynamics of this process being reflected in the situation in the region as a whole.

Narcos and Politicos: The Politics of Drug Trafficking in Honduras

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 143-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Almost All

Honduras Has Emerged as a cocaine transshipment point between Colombia and the United States. One informed source suggests that as much as fifty tons of cocaine have moved through the country during the last fifteen months. This paper examines the politics of drug trafficking in Honduras. Special attention is given to the relations between drug trafficking and the Honduran political environment, the emergence of a new “powder elite, ” and the manner in which US and Honduran authorities are addressing these problems.One of the hemisphere's poorest countries by almost all standards of development, Honduras has a population of about 4.5 million people and an area the size of Tennessee. Unlike neighboring Guatemala and El Salvador where a national oligarchy has enhanced its wealth through an extensive coffee industry, Honduras first emerged in the international economy through its foreign-owned banana enterprises which still are a leading source of foreign exchange.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Lawsuits against Physicians Charged with Opioid-Related Crimes in the United States, 1995-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia B Berman ◽  
Guohua Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Clinical Specialty ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
Opioid Medications ◽  
Legal Consequences

Abstract Background: Pharmaceutical companies and drug distributors are intensely scrutinized in numerous lawsuits for their role in instigating the opioid epidemic. Many individual physicians have also been held accountable for activities related to prescribing opioid medications. The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiologic patterns of lawsuits against physicians charged with opioid-related crimes in the United States. Methods : We searched the Nexis Uni ® database for newspaper reports on physicians who had been arrested, indicted or criminally charged for illegally prescribing opioids between January 1995 and December 2019. Data collected from the newspaper reports include defendant’s age, sex, clinical specialty, type of crime and legal consequences. Results : The annual number of lawsuits against physicians charged with opioid-related crimes reported by US newspapers increased from 0 in 1995 to 43 in 2019. Of the 384 physician defendants in these lawsuits, 90.4% were male, 28.0% were 65 years and older (mean=59.5 ± 15.8 years), and 23.4% were charged in Florida. Of the 373 physician defendants with known clinical specialty, 243 (65.1%) practiced in internal medicine, family medicine, or pain management. Of the 248 lawsuits with known outcomes, 244 (98.4%) of the defendants were convicted of criminal charges and 4 were acquitted. Drug trafficking was the most commonly convicted crime (accounting for 54.2% of all convicted crimes), followed by fraud (19.1%), money laundering (11.0%) and manslaughter (5.6%). Of the convicted physicians with known sentences, 89.5% were sentenced to jail with an average jail time of 127.3 ± 120.3 months. Conclusions : An increasing number of physicians from a wide variety of clinical specialties is prosecuted for opioid-related crimes with high conviction rates and severe penalties. The most common crime charged is drug trafficking, followed by fraud, money laundering, and manslaughter.

‘Money, Credit, and Strong Friends’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Cox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commercial Culture ◽  
Financial Success ◽  
Moral Integrity ◽  
Opium Trade ◽  
Opium War ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Warren Delano represents a typical trader who needed more than moral integrity to keep him away from the opium trade. Arriving in Canton for the first time in 1834, Delano was lured to China by a commercial culture that unofficially tolerated opium smuggling. The openness of Canton in carrying out trade also proved to be its weakness, because before 1836, it was relatively easy to become involved in contraband. With substantial profits to be made and little risk of getting caught, employees of Russell and Company, as well as numerous others, had no reservations about participating in the trade. The change in Chinese and American attitudes toward the opium trade during the First Opium War forced Delano both to transform the ways in which he did business and to relocate his enterprises to Macao in the early 1840s. He also learned over time to pursue a career that combined ambition with personal connections and the ability to navigate amongst informal kinship- and friendship-based networks. Delano returned to the United States to live in 1846, but after years of financial success, was ruined by the Panic of 1857. He returned to China in 1860 and amassed a new fortune through trading tea, porcelain, and, at times, opium. In 1866, having made a second fortune, he returned permanently to the United States.

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