scholarly journals Tuberculous Meningitis: The Microbiological Laboratory Diagnosis and Its Drug Sensitivity Patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Titiek Sulistyowati ◽  
Deby Kusumaningrum ◽  
Eko Budi Koendhori ◽  
Ni Made Mertaniasih
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
First Line ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory

Background: Tuberculosis continues one of the major challenges to global health. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex can affect any organ other than the lung parenchyma, include central nervous system. The mortality rate of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) are high worldwide with up to half of survivors suffering irreversible sequelae. Diagnosis of TBM is difficult due to paucibacillary, various clinical manifestation, and invasive procedure to appropriate specimens. Objective: The objectiveis to study the positivity rate of microbiological laboratory diagnosis and its drug sensitivity patterns of TBM patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya during October 2015 until September 2016. Methods: Specimens were cerebrospinal fluids. Identification and drug anti TB sensitivity test were done by BACTEC MGIT 960 system in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Result: Most patients with TBM were women (54.29%). Based on age groups, most dominant was adult population (65.71%). Proportion percentage of positive M. tuberculosis complex among 180 specimens were 19.44%. First line anti TB drug sensitivity pattern of 35 isolates were 1 monoresistant, 1 poly-resistant, no multiple drug resistant (MDR), and 33 pan-susceptible. Conclusion: Positivity rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex laboratory diagnosis from TBM suspect patients were low. There was no MDR TB in this study, but mono-resistant and poly-resistant. Microbiological diagnosis was important to give information of active disease and drug sensitivity pattern. Resistance to first line anti TB drugs is alarming to properly manage TBM patients.

scholarly journals Susceptibilities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates to First-line Antituberculosis Drugs at Dokuz Eylül University Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazlı Arslan ◽  
Müge Hacer Özkarataş ◽  
Nuran Esen ◽  
Aydan Özkütük
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
First Line ◽  
Antituberculosis Drugs ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objective: Tuberculosis retains its importance as the only infectious disease in the world that affects 10 million people and causes 1.5 million deaths per se. The major obstacle in the elimination and control of tuberculosis is the emergence and spread of resistant tuberculosis cases. It was aimed to determine the current Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and its susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs at Dokuz Eylül University Hospital. Method: In our study, the results of all samples sent between January 2013 and November 2019 were examined retrospectively for the presence of M. tuberculosis complex and drug susceptibility results. The samples were cultured in Löwenstein Jensen media and BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Drug susceptibility testing was performed with the BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE kit in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer. Results: In a total of 473 (2.2%) of 21620 specimens M. tuberculosis complex was reproduced. The samples were classified as pulmonary (n:300; 63.4%) and extrapulmonary (n:173; 36.6%), samples. When repeated samples of the same patient, were excluded, positive culture test results were determined in a total of 365 patients. Susceptibility to all primary antituberculosis drugs was shown in 275 of 321 (85.7%) patients, while total rates of resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol were found in respective number of patients as follows: (n:24 (7.5%), 22 (6.8%), (n:7; 2.2%) and (n:2; 0.6%). The rate of MDR was 0.6% in 2 patients. Conclusion: In our hospital, streptomycin is the first-line antituberculosis drug with the highest resistance rate. All susceptibility rates were seen lower than the data reported in Turkey Tuberculosis Control Report and other studies of Turkey. Implementing drug surveillance program plays an important role for maintaining these low rates and for the management of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of susceptibility to antimycobacterial drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from cattle in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Krajewska-Wędzina ◽  
Anna Zabost ◽  
Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć ◽  
Marcin Weiner ◽  
Krzysztof Szulowski
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
First Line ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Environmental Resistance

Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease affecting humans and animals. It is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) – Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae, which are aetiological factors of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). In Poland, the bTB eradication programme exists. Animals diagnosed with tuberculosis are in the majority of cases not treated, but removed from their herd and then sanitary slaughtered. Material and Methods: In total, 134 MTBC strains isolated from cattle in Poland were subjected to microbiological analysis. The resistance phenotype was tested for first-line antimycobacterial drugs used in tuberculosis treatment in humans: streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The strains were isolated from tissues collected post mortem, so the test for drug resistance fulfilled only epidemiological criterion. Results: The analysis of drug-resistance of MTBC strains revealed that strains classified as M. bovis were susceptible to 4 antimycobacterial drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, and ethambutol, and resistant to pyrazynamide. The strains classified as M. caprae were sensitive to all tested drugs. Conclusion: The results indicate that despite enormously dynamic changes in mycobacterial phenotype, Polish strains of MTBC isolated from cattle have not acquired environmental resistance. The strains classified as M. bovis are characterised by natural resistance to pyrazinamide, which is typical for this species.

scholarly journals A study on mutation in genes associated with rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using line probe assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3997
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Shivendra Kumar Shahi ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Balkrishna Mishra ◽  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
Line Probe Assay ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Probe Assay

Background: The term tuberculosis describe a clinical illness, which is predominantly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and less common by other species. Infection is transmitted by infected droplets through respiratory route. Early diagnosis and appropriate management is the only way to control the spread of infection. The available diagnostic tools include, smear microscopy, culture and molecular methods. Culture is the gold standard, but it takes around 2-8 weeks to get the result and smear microscopy having less sensitivity. Molecular technique especially Line probe assay can be better option because of high sensitivity and specificity, and directly clinical sample can be used, and result will be made available within same day with sensitivity pattern. Present study was designed to use of LPA for early diagnosis.Methods: Laboratory based observational study conducted in department of microbiology, IGIMS Patna and TBDC, Patna. Sputum specimens were collected from clinically suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and subjected to smear microscopy, culture and LPA.Results: During the study period, 2841 patients were diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in, 12% (347) patients were rifampicin and isoniazid resistant, 4% (117) and 3% (86) patients were rifampicin and isoniazid mono-resistant respectively. We found that rpoB MUT3 was the most common mutation in gene associated with rifampicin resistant and katG MUT1gene associated with isoniazid resistant.Conclusions: Present study support the use of LPA for early diagnosis of smear positive as well as smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Resulting early diagnosis and appropriate management of patients.

scholarly journals Re-decontamination of liquid mycobacterial cultures: Additional Mycobacterium tuberculosis yield in the era of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra in Cape Town, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawood Da Costa ◽  
Pieter Nel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Tuberculosis Complex ◽  
First Line ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Culture Positive

A retrospective review of liquid mycobacterial cultures was performed at a laboratory in South Africa from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 to assess the increased yield in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex following sample re-decontamination. Only 9 of 99 (9%) re-decontaminated samples were culture positive for M. tuberculosis complex. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, concurrently performed on 7 of the 9 samples, detected M. tuberculosis complex in all but 1 sample. Re-decontamination of non-sterile samples did not increase the M. tuberculosis complex yield enough to offset the financial costs and additional labour in a laboratory that utilises the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra system as a first-line diagnostic modality.

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