Composite concrete beam with multi-web cold-formed steel section

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Ahmed Youssef Kamal ◽  
Nader Nabih Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Test ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Reference Beam ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Steel Section

Lately, structural engineers use cold-formed steel sections (CFS) in buildings due to its light-weight and easy shaping. Encasing the cold-formed steel sections by concrete avoiding the structure elements some of its disadvantages especially buckling. This paper reports an experimental test program for beams with a multi-web cold-formed steel section encased by reinforced concrete. Eleven (full-scale) specimens have tested under mid-span concentrated load, the experimental test program designed to cover many cold-formed steel section variables such as (web number, web height, and the steel section length). Comparison between the experimental results for specimens with encased steel cold-formed section and that for reference beam have presented. The experimental results show that the cold-formed steel webs number has a noticeable influence on the structural behaviour of the beam, such as increasing the beam load capacity. The beam load capacity, failure mode and the beam ductility have analysed, and some preparatory criteria for a sufficient outline have presented.

scholarly journals Experimental Test on Bridge Reinforcement by Enlarging Section-Prestress Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Li Jia ◽  
Liu Tao ◽  
Huang Hong ◽  
Jiang Jian ◽  
Huang Zhi
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Crack Development ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
External Prestressing ◽  
Rectangular Beam ◽  
Load Characteristics

This paper proposes the method of enlarging section combined with prestressed tendon (Enlarging Section-Prestress Method), which has the advantages of both increasing section and external prestressing, such as reducing section height, the prestressing tendon do not rust easily, and the appearance is beautiful. Model tests were carried out, two rectangular beam models with the same section and length were made, one was reinforced by Enlarging Section-Prestress Method, and no reinforced action was taken as a control. Two points of concentrated load were applied to the model beams, and the two tests were compared in terms of deflection-load characteristics and crack development. The experimental results show that the Enlarging Section-Prestress Method is effective, which improved the ultimate bearing capacity of the beam obviously, and reduced the deflection of the trabecular beam.

DISTORTIONAL BUCKLING OF COLD-FORMED STEEL SECTIONS SUBJECTED TO UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED TRANSVERSE LOADING

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (05) ◽  
pp. 1017-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN-KANG CHEN ◽  
LONG-YUAN LI
Keyword(s):  
Critical Stress ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Transverse Loading ◽  
Distortional Buckling ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Steel Section

This paper presents an investigation on the influence of stress gradient on the elastic critical stress of distortional buckling of cold-formed steel sections supporting wall sheeting or roof cladding in buildings. The critical stress of distortional buckling of cold-formed steel section beams subjected to a uniformly distributed transverse loading is calculated using the model proposed recently by Li and Chen. The sections investigated in the paper include channel, zed, and sigma sections. Numerical examples are provided that highlight the influence of stress gradient, section dimensions, and sheeting lateral restraints on the critical stress of distortional buckling.

Elastic behaviour of composite box girder bridges

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-501
Author(s):  
Karl Van Dalen ◽  
Sanivarapu V. Narasimham
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Box Girders ◽  
Box Girder Bridges ◽  
Box Girder ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Observed Behaviour ◽  
Steel Section

The experimentally observed behaviour of five, one-twelfth scale, wide-flange single-cell composite steel–concrete box girders with both box- and trough-shaped steel sections is described and compared with the behaviour predicted by a folded plate analysis.The folded plate method accurately predicts the elastic strains in such girders when subjected to uniformly distributed load but seriously underestimates the elastic deflections.No significant differences were observed between the structural behaviour of composite box girders with a closed box steel section and girders with a trough-shaped steel section.Aspects of the design of single-cell composite box girders where existing standards result in satisfactory structural behaviour are identified. Tentative design guides are proposed for some aspects of the design of such girders where no guidelines appear to exist at present.

Push-out Tests of Innovative Shear Connectors Between Cold-formed Steel Section Integrated with Ferrocement Jacket

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Alenezi ◽  
M. M. Tahir ◽  
T. Alhajri ◽  
M. R. K. Badr ◽  
J. Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Composite Column ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Push Out ◽  
Steel Section

Traditional construction materials such as steel and concrete exhibit signs of deterioration over the years. This can be attributed either to the inherent nature of the materials or their weak resistance to adverse the environmental conditions and natural disasters, such as, fires, earth quakes, etc. The use of ferrocement as an external jacket to cold-formed column is presented in this study to provide an alternative solution to existing construction materials. Ferrocement is a special form of reinforced concrete, which exhibits a behavior that differs much from conventional reinforced concrete in strength performance and other potential applications. The use of ferrocement with cold-formed steel as composite column is a new approach to enhance the axial load capacity of the later. Hence, the composite action between ferrocement and cold-formed steel section have to be established by means of understanding the behavior of the proposed shear connectors. In this study, push-out test set-up is proposed for eight specimens with various shear connectors’ configuration. The utilization of high strength self-compacting ferrocement mortar in the design of cold-formed steel integrated with ferrocement jacket as composite column is proposed. It was observed that ferrocement jacket with 12 mm bolt shear connectors showed the best shear capacity when compared to other proposed shear connectors.

Behaviour of Composite Column of Cold-Formed Steel Section without Web Stiffener Integrated with Ferrocement Jacket

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 528-532
Author(s):  
Anis Saggaff ◽  
Khaled Alenezi ◽  
Mahmood Md Tahir ◽  
Talal Alhajri ◽  
Mohamad Ragae
Keyword(s):  
Axial Load ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Column Height ◽  
Composite Column ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Composite Columns ◽  
Strength Capacity ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Steel Section

Cold-formed steel (CFS) is known to be a thin section. Thus it is considered a weak slender steel section which limits the compression capacity of the column. The aim of this study was to determine the ultimate capacity of built-up lipped CFS (assembled with ferrocement jacket) as composite column (CFFCC) under axial compression load. Nine specimens of composite columns were prepared and tested. The main parameters that varied in the CFFCC columns were column height, cold-formed steel thickness, and influence of ferrocement jacket. There were are three different heights of the CFFCC composite column namely 2000mm, 3000mm and 4000mm used in this study. All CFFCC columns were tested under axial load by a thick steel plate. The results indicated that ferrocement jacket provided sufficient lateral support to the column web and significantly increased both the strength and ductility of the specimens under axial loading. The strength capacity of CFFCC improved significantly, about 149% greater than that of bare steel column section. It was also found that the axial load capacity of CFS-ferrocement jacket composite columns (CFFCC) had increased significantly (in the range of 20% to 40%) as thickness of CFS increased.

Load capacity of uniformly compressed cold-formed steel section with punched web

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Sivakumaran
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Stub Column ◽  
Effective Design

Load tests were carried out on 48 stub column specimens of cold-formed steel sections having flat widths of 82.5 and 144.7 mm, thicknesses of 1.60 and 1.29 mm, respectively, and various sizes and shapes of holes punched through their webs. This paper summarizes the experimental local buckling loads, ultimate loads, load–axial shortening relationships, and load–out-of-plane deflection relationships of the above specimens. Presently, the Canadian design code does not include any provisions in regards to the design of perforated cold-formed sections, owing to the lack of experimental results. A design approach using the present code "effective design width" for unstiffened elements is explored and the observations resulting from the comparison between the calculated values and the experimental values are given. The new American Iron and Steel Institute design specification gives an effective design width for cold-formed section with circular perforations. The appropriateness of this equation when applied to circular, square, and elongated openings is discussed. It appears that the design provisions of both codes are inadequate for the design of perforated cold-formed steel sections and further research is needed in this area. This is essential, considering the fact that, in practice, the cold-formed members often contain prepunched holes. Key words: axial load, buckling, building codes, cold-formed steel, effective design width, perforation, ultimate loads.

scholarly journals Performance of Locally Produced Cold–Formed Steel Sections for Roof Truss System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood M. T. ◽  
C. M. Thong ◽  
C. S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Code Of Practice ◽  
Roof Truss ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Steel Section

Secara tradisi, kayu biasanya digunakan untuk kekuda bumbung sebagai bahan binaan. Walaubagaimanapun, kegunaan kayu tidak lagi mendapat sambutan kebelakangan ini disebabkan kos yang tinggi, bukan mesra alam sekitar disebabkan banyak pokok perlu ditebang, terdedah kepada serangan anai–anai dan keupayaan yang rendah dibandingkan dengan keluli. Keratan keluli terguling–sejuk telah dicadangkan di dalam kertas ini bagi pembinaan sistem bumbung kekuda sebagai pilihan lain daripada kekuda kayu. Kertas ini membincangkan keputusan uji kaji bagi cadangan keratan keluli terguling–sejuk yang dikeluarkan oleh pengeluar tempatan sebagaimana yang dinyatakan di dalam kod BS5950 Part 5:1987 bagi kegunaan sistem kekuda bumbung. Ujian–ujian ini juga adalah untuk menepati keperluan–keperluan yang telah digariskan oleh Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia. Keputusan–keputusan ujian dari uji kaji menunjukkan keputusan persetujuan yang baik dengan BS 5950 Part 5. Keputusan uji kaji merumuskan bahawa keratan keluli terguling sejuk keluaran tempatan dan sambungannya sesuai digunakan bagi sistem kekuda bumbung. Kata kunci: Keratan keluli terguling-sejuk, sistem kekuda bumbung, keupayaan keratan, keratan C, keratan topi Traditionally, timber is usually used for roof truss as a construction material. However, the use of timber is no longer popular recently due to the increase in cost, not environmental–friendly as more trees need to be cut, prone to termite attack, and lesser capacity compared with steel. Cold–formed steel section has been introduced in this paper for the construction roof truss system as an alternative to the timber truss. This paper describes experimental test results of the proposed cold–formed produced locally with the code of practice as prescribed by BS 5950 Part 5: 1987 for the use in roof truss system. The tests were also performed to meet the requirements that have been outlined by Public Works Department Malaysia. The experimental results showed good agreement with BS 5950 Part 5. From the study it can be concluded that the proposed locally produced cold–formed steel sections and the connections are suitable to be used in the roof truss system provided that the design values should not be more than the experimental values. Key words: Cold-formed steel section, roof truss system, section capacities, C-section, hat-section

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF PARTIAL STRENGTH OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION WITH GUSSET PLATE FOR COLD-FORMED STEEL SECTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus ◽  
Anis Saggaff ◽  
Mahmood Md Tahir ◽  
Kiagus Muhammad Aminuddin ◽  
Shek Poi Ngian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Gusset Plate ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Hot Rolled Steel ◽  
Steel Section ◽  
Good Agreement

The use of cold-formed steel (CFS) as part of a major construction has been rapidly increasing recently, as it is considered viable as an alternative to the conventional hot-rolled steel section. However, information about CFS as part of a non-composite system is still limited as the connection is designed as a pinned connection, only good for roof trusses and wall paneling. The aim of this research is to propose a connection for CFS sections that could enhance the strength of typical CFS connections, from pinned to partial strength connections. This paper presents the behavior of the partial strength of a non-composite beam-to-column connection for a cold-formed steel section where a gusset plate was used as a stiffener. This type of proposed connection for CFS is not limited only to the construction of roof trusses and wall cladding, but is also able to provide better flexural strength in semi-continuous construction. The proposed connections consisted of 6 specimens divided into two types, the first of which were stiffened by the gusset plate and the second of which were enhanced further with the top, seat and web angles. From the results of the experimental tests it was concluded that all the proposed connections can be categorized as partial strength connections, where the strength was more than 25% of the connected beam and suitable for use in semi-continuous construction. A relatively good agreement was recorded for the comparison between the experimental results and the predicted results from the EC3 component method super-imposed with a haunched gusset plate and top, seat and web angle components, which differed in the range of 1.31 to 1.5 times for the moment resistance and 1.07 to 1.37 times for the stiffness of the proposed connections.

Towards Light-Weight Composite Construction: Innovative Shear Connector for Composite Beams

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.O. Bamaga ◽  
M.Md. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Steel Section

Introducing low cost housing is one of the challenges face civil engineers now-days. Using lightweight construction materials i.e. cold formed steel sections is an alternate solution to overcome the challenge. In this study, a lightweight composite beam was introduced. It consists of cold formed steel section and profiled concrete slab. Experimental push tests were conducted to investigate the ductility and strength capacities of new and innovative shear connectors. The shear connectors were easy to form and give advantages to speed up the fabrication process of the proposed composite beam. The shear connectors showed large deformation and strength capacities. It is concluded that the proposed shear connectors could be used for lightweight composite beams.

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