scholarly journals PROGRAMMING GENES IN BRAIN AND PROBLEM OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR ОF MAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
B. B. Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Social Recognition Memory

Transcription factors programmed genes of brain cells. Then proteins synthesized form long term memory. Two genes of hormone vasopressin receptor – genes of altruism / selfishnessand one oxytocin receptor gene provide social recognition, memory and behavior. Human population divided into three groups: homozygous altruists, homozygous egoists and heterozygous group containing both vasopressin genes. Behavior genes programming in the last group occurs within the first two weeks of life. Negative programming of masses of people in this group could be the cause of social disasters in the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Social isolation impacts late-life socio-cognitive decline in APP/PS1 mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Rens ◽  
Rudi D’Hooge ◽  
Ann Van der Jeugd
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Isolated

AbstractIn this study the effects of social isolation (SI) were investigated in APP/PS1 mice. It was found that SI during adolescence has an impact on anxiogenic behaviour, such that isolated animals tend to explore a threatening environment less than non-isolated animals as assessed with the EPM test, and that this holds for both AD and non-AD mice. While no evidence was found for any differences in short-term memory as assessed by the Y-maze, long-term memory seemed to be affected in a context-dependent manner. Object memory as assessed with the NOR test was affected in APP/PS1 mice compared to WT mice, but this deficit was not induced or influenced by SI. When it comes to social recognition memory however, we found that SI exacerbated the social memory deficit in AD mice, and even induced a deficit in WTs. Associative fear memory as assessed with the PA test suggested that WTs perform better when group housed, and APP/PS1 mice better when socially isolated. The link between isolation and AD, or cognition in general, may be more complex than initially thought. The effect of isolation may not be the same for AD versus non-AD subjects.

scholarly journals Rapid coordination of effective learning by the human hippocampus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Kragel ◽  
Stephan Schuele ◽  
Stephen VanHaerents ◽  
Joshua M. Rosenow ◽  
Joel L. Voss
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Depth Electrodes ◽  
Human Hippocampus ◽  
Hippocampal Theta ◽  
And Behavior

Although the human hippocampus is necessary for long-term memory, controversial findings suggest that hippocampal computations support short-term memory in the service of guiding effective behaviors during learning. We tested the counterintuitive theory that the hippocampus contributes to long-term memory through remarkably short-term processing, as reflected in the sequence of eye movements during encoding of naturalistic scenes. While viewing scenes for the first time, participants generated patterns of eye movements that reflected a shift from stimulus-driven to memory-driven viewing and signaled effective spatiotemporal memory formation. Hippocampal theta oscillations recorded from depth electrodes predicted this viewing pattern. Moreover, effective viewing patterns were preceded by shifts towards top-down influence of hippocampal theta on activity within cortical networks that support visual perception and visuospatial attention. The hippocampus thus supports short-term memory processing that coordinates perception, attention, and behavior in the service of effective spatiotemporal learning. These findings motivate re-interpretation of long-term memory disorders as reflecting loss of the organizing influence of hippocampal short-term memory on learning.

Long-term memory underlying hippocampus-dependent social recognition in mice

Hippocampus ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Kogan ◽  
Paul W. Franklandand ◽  
Alcino J. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Social Recognition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Common polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) is associated with human social recognition skills

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 1987-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Skuse ◽  
Adriana Lori ◽  
Joseph F. Cubells ◽  
Irene Lee ◽  
Karen N. Conneely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽  
Common Polymorphism

scholarly journals Decades-long social memory in bottlenose dolphins

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20131726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason N. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Signature Whistles

Long-term social memory is important, because it is an ecologically relevant test of cognitive capacity, it helps us understand which social relationships are remembered and it relates two seemingly disparate disciplines: cognition and sociality. For dolphins, long-term memory for conspecifics could help assess social threats as well as potential social or hunting alliances in a very fluid and complex fission–fusion social system, yet we have no idea how long dolphins can remember each other. Through a playback study conducted within a multi-institution dolphin breeding consortium (where animals are moved between different facilities), recognition of unfamiliar versus familiar signature whistles of former tank mates was assessed. This research shows that dolphins have the potential for lifelong memory for each other regardless of relatedness, sex or duration of association. This is, to my knowledge, the first study to show that social recognition can last for at least 20 years in a non-human species and the first large-scale study to address long-term memory in a cetacean. These results, paired with evidence from elephants and humans, provide suggestive evidence that sociality and cognition could be related, as a good memory is necessary in a fluid social system.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Comparison of Auditory, Language, Memory, and Attention Abilities in Children With and Without Listening Difficulties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-727
Author(s):  
Beula M. Magimairaj ◽  
Naveen K. Nagaraj ◽  
Alexander V. Sergeev ◽  
Natalie J. Benafield
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Speed And Accuracy

Objectives School-age children with and without parent-reported listening difficulties (LiD) were compared on auditory processing, language, memory, and attention abilities. The objective was to extend what is known so far in the literature about children with LiD by using multiple measures and selective novel measures across the above areas. Design Twenty-six children who were reported by their parents as having LiD and 26 age-matched typically developing children completed clinical tests of auditory processing and multiple measures of language, attention, and memory. All children had normal-range pure-tone hearing thresholds bilaterally. Group differences were examined. Results In addition to significantly poorer speech-perception-in-noise scores, children with LiD had reduced speed and accuracy of word retrieval from long-term memory, poorer short-term memory, sentence recall, and inferencing ability. Statistically significant group differences were of moderate effect size; however, standard test scores of children with LiD were not clinically poor. No statistically significant group differences were observed in attention, working memory capacity, vocabulary, and nonverbal IQ. Conclusions Mild signal-to-noise ratio loss, as reflected by the group mean of children with LiD, supported the children's functional listening problems. In addition, children's relative weakness in select areas of language performance, short-term memory, and long-term memory lexical retrieval speed and accuracy added to previous research on evidence-based areas that need to be evaluated in children with LiD who almost always have heterogenous profiles. Importantly, the functional difficulties faced by children with LiD in relation to their test results indicated, to some extent, that commonly used assessments may not be adequately capturing the children's listening challenges. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12808607

Retrieval from Memory or Procedural Strategies for Addition Problems

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muriel Fanget ◽  
Catherine Thevenot ◽  
Caroline Castel ◽  
Michel Fayol
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Verbal Reports ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Addition Problem ◽  
Retrieval From Memory ◽  
Calculation Procedures

In this study, we used a paradigm recently developed ( Thevenot, Fanget, & Fayol, 2007 ) to determine whether 10-year-old children solve simple addition problems by retrieval of the answer from long-term memory or by calculation procedures. Our paradigm is unique in that it does not rely on reaction times or verbal reports, which are known to potentially bias the results, especially in children. Rather, it takes advantage of the fact that calculation procedures degrade the memory traces of the operands, so that it is more difficult to recognize them when they have been involved in the solution of an addition problem by calculation rather than by retrieval. The present study sharpens the current conclusions in the literature and shows that, when the sum of addition problems is up to 10, children mainly use retrieval, but when it is greater than 10, they mainly use calculation procedures.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

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