scholarly journals Allelic variants of human genes affecting HIV intracellular life cycle and regulating immune response to HIV infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
R. M. Khaitov ◽  
L. P. Alexeev ◽  
G. O. Gudima ◽  
I. A. Kofiadi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Antiviral Defense ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Host genetic factors influencing the intracellular part of HIV live cycle and regulating of HIV-specific immune response are reviewed. Its include genes coding proteins which support viral replication and assembly of new virions, genes coding antiviral defense proteins, HLA genes and some others. Variants of these genes and its compositions affect individual succeptibility/resistance to HIV infection, influence the pathogenesis of the disease and also associate with efficacy of antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals Host Genetics at the Intersection of Autoimmunity and COVID-19: A Potential Key for Heterogeneous COVID-19 Severity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tugce Karaderi ◽  
Halin Bareke ◽  
Imge Kunter ◽  
Adil Seytanoglu ◽  
Ilgin Cagnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Host Genetics ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

COVID-19 presentation is very heterogeneous across cases, and host factors are at the forefront for the variables affecting the disease manifestation. The immune system has emerged as a key determinant in shaping the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is mainly the deleterious unconstrained immune response, rather than the virus itself, which leads to severe cases of COVID-19 and the associated mortality. Genetic susceptibility to dysregulated immune response is highly likely to be among the host factors for adverse disease outcome. Given that such genetic susceptibility has also been observed in autoimmune diseases (ADs), a number of critical questions remain unanswered; whether individuals with ADs have a significantly different risk for COVID-19–related complications compared to the general population, and whether studies on the genetics of ADs can shed some light on the host factors in COVID-19. In this perspective, we discuss the host genetic factors, which have been under investigation in association with COVID-19 severity. We touch upon the intricate link between autoimmunity and COVID-19 pathophysiology. We put forth a number of autoimmune susceptibility genes, which have the potential to be additional host genetic factors for modifying the severity of COVID-19 presentation. In summary, host genetics at the intersection of ADs and COVID-19 may serve as a source for understanding the heterogeneity of COVID-19 severity, and hence, potentially holds a key in achieving effective strategies in risk group identification, as well as effective treatments.

scholarly journals Genetic Susceptibility to Chagas Disease: An Overview about the Infection and about the Association between Disease and the Immune Response Genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Maria Ayo ◽  
Márcia Machado de Oliveira Dalalio ◽  
Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer ◽  
Pâmela Guimarães Reis ◽  
Emília Ângela Sippert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Chagas disease, which is caused by the flagellate parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi, affects 8–10 million people in Latin America. The disease is endemic and is characterised by acute and chronic phases that develop in the indeterminate, cardiac, and/or gastrointestinal forms. The immune response during humanT. cruziinfection is not completely understood, despite its role in driving the development of distinct clinical manifestations of chronic infection. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the innate and specific immune response are being widely studied in order to clarify their possible role in the occurrence or severity of disease. Here we review the role of classic and nonclassic MHC,KIR, and cytokine host genetic factors on the infection byT. cruziand the clinical course of Chagas disease.

A systematic review of the Trypanosoma cruzi genetic heterogeneity, host immune response and genetic factors as plausible drivers of chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Jiménez ◽  
Jesús Jaimes ◽  
Cristina Poveda ◽  
Juan David Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Chagasic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

AbstractChagas disease is a complex tropical pathology caused by the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite displays massive genetic diversity and has been classified by international consensus in at least six Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) that are broadly distributed in the American continent. The main clinical manifestation of the disease is the chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) that is lethal in the infected individuals. However, one intriguing feature is that only 30–40% of the infected individuals will develop CCC. Some authors have suggested that the immune response, host genetic factors, virulence factors and even the massive genetic heterogeneity of T. cruzi are responsible of this clinical pattern. To date, no conclusive data support the reason why a few percentages of the infected individuals will develop CCC. Therefore, we decided to conduct a systematic review analysing the host genetic factors, immune response, cytokine production, virulence factors and the plausible association of the parasite DTUs and CCC. The epidemiological and clinical implications are herein discussed.

Analysis of host genetic factors influencing African trypanosome species infection in a cohort of Tanzanian Bos indicus cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 179 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esron D. Karimuribo ◽  
Liam J. Morrison ◽  
Alana Black ◽  
C. Michael R. Turner ◽  
Dominic M. Kambarage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Trypanosome Species ◽  
African Trypanosome ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Genetic influences on HIV infection: implications for vaccine development

Sexual Health ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Z. Smith ◽  
Stephen J. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Human HIV infection is characterised by great variability in outcome. Much of this variability is due either to viral variation or host genetic factors, particularly major histocompatibility complex differences within genetically diverse populations. The study of non-human primates infected with well characterised simian immunodeficiency virus strains has recently allowed further dissection of the critical role of genetic influences on both susceptibility to infection and progression to AIDS. This review summarises the important role of many host genetic factors on HIV infection and highlights important variables that will need to be taken into account in evaluating effective HIV vaccines.

scholarly journals Host Genetic Factors Associated with Symptomatic Primary HIV Infection and Disease Progression among Argentinean Seroconverters

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e113146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Soledad Coloccini ◽  
Dario Dilernia ◽  
Yanina Ghiglione ◽  
Gabriela Turk ◽  
Natalia Laufer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Primary Hiv Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

scholarly journals Vaginal microbiome Lactobacillus crispatus is heritable among European American women

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Wright ◽  
Jennifer M. Fettweis ◽  
Lindon J. Eaves ◽  
Judy L. Silberg ◽  
Michael C. Neale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
P Value ◽  
European American ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
American Women ◽  
Lactobacillus Crispatus ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors ◽  
European American Women

AbstractThe diversity and dominant bacterial taxa in the vagina are reported to be influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including but not limited to pregnancy, contraceptive use, pathogenic states, socioeconomic status, and ancestry. However, the extent to which host genetic factors influence variation in the vaginal microbiota is unclear. We used a biometrical genetic approach to determine whether host genetic factors contribute to inter-individual differences in taxa from a sample of 332 twins who self-identified as being of African (44 pairs) or European ancestry (122 pairs). Lactobacillus crispatus, a major determinant of vaginal health, was identified as heritable among European American women (narrow-sense heritability = 34.7%, P-value = 0.018). Heritability of L. crispatus is consistent with the reduced prevalence of adverse reproductive disorders, including bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth, among women of European ancestry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document