Genetic influences on HIV infection: implications for vaccine development

Sexual Health ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Z. Smith ◽  
Stephen J. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Human HIV infection is characterised by great variability in outcome. Much of this variability is due either to viral variation or host genetic factors, particularly major histocompatibility complex differences within genetically diverse populations. The study of non-human primates infected with well characterised simian immunodeficiency virus strains has recently allowed further dissection of the critical role of genetic influences on both susceptibility to infection and progression to AIDS. This review summarises the important role of many host genetic factors on HIV infection and highlights important variables that will need to be taken into account in evaluating effective HIV vaccines.

scholarly journals The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa LoPresti ◽  
David B. Beck ◽  
Priya Duggal ◽  
Derek A.T. Cummings ◽  
Benjamin D. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

scholarly journals Genetic Susceptibility to Chagas Disease: An Overview about the Infection and about the Association between Disease and the Immune Response Genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Maria Ayo ◽  
Márcia Machado de Oliveira Dalalio ◽  
Jeane Eliete Laguila Visentainer ◽  
Pâmela Guimarães Reis ◽  
Emília Ângela Sippert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Chagas disease, which is caused by the flagellate parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi, affects 8–10 million people in Latin America. The disease is endemic and is characterised by acute and chronic phases that develop in the indeterminate, cardiac, and/or gastrointestinal forms. The immune response during humanT. cruziinfection is not completely understood, despite its role in driving the development of distinct clinical manifestations of chronic infection. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the innate and specific immune response are being widely studied in order to clarify their possible role in the occurrence or severity of disease. Here we review the role of classic and nonclassic MHC,KIR, and cytokine host genetic factors on the infection byT. cruziand the clinical course of Chagas disease.

scholarly journals HLA-B∗57 and Gender Influence the Occurrence of Tuberculosis in HIV Infected People of South India

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Jagannathan ◽  
Mrinalini Chaturvedi ◽  
Bhuthaiah Satish ◽  
Kadappa Shivappa Satish ◽  
Anita Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Gender Influence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Background. Substantial evidence exists for HLA and other host genetic factors being determinants of susceptibility or resistance to infectious diseases. However, very little information is available on the role of host genetic factors in HIV-TB coinfection. Hence, a longitudinal study was undertaken to investigate HLA associations in a cohort of HIV seropositive individuals with and without TB in Bangalore, South India.Methods. A cohort of 238 HIV seropositive subjects were typed for HLA-A, B, and DR by PCR-SSP and followed up for 5 years or till manifestation of Tuberculosis. HLA data of 682 HIV Negative healthy renal donors was used as control.Results. The ratio of males and females in HIV cohort was comparable (50.4% and 49.6%). But the incidence of TB was markedly lower in females (12.6%,) than males (25.6%). Further, HLA-B*57 frequency in HIV cohort was significantly higher among females without TB (21.6%, 19/88) than males (1.7%, 1/59);P=0.0046;OR=38. CD4 counts also were higher among females in this cohort.Conclusion. This study suggests that HIV positive women with HLA-B*57 have less occurrence of TB as compared to males.

scholarly journals Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuh Chwen G Lee ◽  
Gary H Karpen
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Epigenetic Silencing ◽  
Evolutionary Genomics ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Transposable elements (TEs) are widespread genomic parasites, and their evolution has remained a critical question in evolutionary genomics. Here, we study the relatively unexplored epigenetic impacts of TEs and provide the first genome-wide quantification of such effects in D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Surprisingly, the spread of repressive epigenetic marks (histone H3K9me2) to nearby DNA occurs at >50% of euchromatic TEs, and can extend up to 20 kb. This results in differential epigenetic states of genic alleles and, in turn, selection against TEs. Interestingly, the lower TE content in D. simulans compared to D. melanogaster correlates with stronger epigenetic effects of TEs and higher levels of host genetic factors known to promote epigenetic silencing. Our study demonstrates that the epigenetic effects of euchromatic TEs, and host genetic factors modulating such effects, play a critical role in the evolution of TEs both within and between species.

Genetic aspects of inflammation and cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 410 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina L. Hold ◽  
M. Emad El-Omar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Neoplastic Progression ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Chronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of most common cancers. The aetiology of the inflammation is varied and includes microbial, chemical and physical agents. The chronically inflamed milieu is awash with pro-inflammatory cytokines and is characterized by the activation of signalling pathways that cross-talk between inflammation and carcinogenesis. Many of the factors involved in chronic inflammation play a dual role in the process, promoting neoplastic progression but also facilitating cancer prevention. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms involved is vital for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against cancer. The purpose of the present review is to evaluate the mechanistic pathways that underlie chronic inflammation and cancer with particular emphasis on the role of host genetic factors that increase the risk of carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Role of Host Genetic Factors in the Outcome of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Viruses ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Bengsch ◽  
Robert Thimme ◽  
Hubert Blum
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

scholarly journals Genetic Susceptibility of the Host in Virus-Induced Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Mine ◽  
Yasunobu Yoshikai ◽  
Hirokazu Takahashi ◽  
Hitoe Mori ◽  
Keizo Anzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Coxsackie B Viruses ◽  
Host Genetic Factors ◽  
Coxsackie B

Enteroviruses, especially Coxsackie B viruses, are among the candidate environmental factors causative of type 1 diabetes. Host genetic factors have an impact on the development of virus-induced diabetes (VID). Host background, in terms of whether the host is prone to autoimmunity, should also be considered when analyzing the role of target genes in VID. In this review, we describe the genetic susceptibility of the host based on studies in humans and VID animal models. Understanding the host genetic factors should contribute not only to revealing the mechanisms of VID development, but also in taking measures to prevent VID.

scholarly journals Allelic variants of human genes affecting HIV intracellular life cycle and regulating immune response to HIV infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
R. M. Khaitov ◽  
L. P. Alexeev ◽  
G. O. Gudima ◽  
I. A. Kofiadi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Antiviral Defense ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Defense Proteins ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Host genetic factors influencing the intracellular part of HIV live cycle and regulating of HIV-specific immune response are reviewed. Its include genes coding proteins which support viral replication and assembly of new virions, genes coding antiviral defense proteins, HLA genes and some others. Variants of these genes and its compositions affect individual succeptibility/resistance to HIV infection, influence the pathogenesis of the disease and also associate with efficacy of antiretroviral therapy.

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