Effect of Orchard Floor Management Practices on Fruit Production

For perennial crop production conditions, major portion of nutrient removal from the soil-tree system is that in harvested fruits. Nitrogen in the fruits was calculated for 22-year-old `Hamlin' orange (Citrus sinensis) trees on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) rootstock, grown in a Tavares fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) that received various N rates (112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N/ha per year) as either i) broadcast of dry granular form (DGF; four applications/year), or ii) fertigation (FRT; 15 applications/year). Total N in the fruits (mean across 4 years) varied from 82 to 110 and 89 to 111 kg N/ha per year for the DGF and FRT sources, respectively. Proportion of N in the fruits in relation to N applied decreased from 74% to 39% for the DGF and from 80% to 40% for the FRT treatments. High percentage of N removal in the fruits in relation to total N applied at low N rates indicate that trees may be depleting the tree reserve for maintaining fruit production. This was evident, to some extent, by the low leaf N concentration at the low N treatments. Furthermore, canopy density was also lower in the low N trees compared to those that received higher N rates.

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First Report of Colletotrichum truncatum Causing Stem Cankers on Jatropha curcas in Burkina Faso

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-14-0181-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. A. Ellison ◽

A. Sawadogo ◽

S. Braman ◽

S. Nacro

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

Colletotrichum Truncatum ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Stem Lesions ◽

Stem Cankers

A new disease was identified on the biofuel crop Jatropha curcas in 2012 in Burkina Faso that is causing serious yield losses. The disease was found to be widespread in both Sissili and Comoé Provinces. It causes characteristic leaf lesions, fruit necrosis, and cankers on young stems and branches. There was evidence of multiple infections on plants over the growing season, with regrowth evident from below old cankers, but there was little fruit production from infected branches. A detailed monitoring and assessment was undertaken of the disease progress in a severely infected field, over a 7-week period. The disease symptoms progressed from chlorosis through a necrotic phase and, in approximately 83% of replicates, stem cankers developed that resulted in dieback and lodging of branches. Colletotrichum truncatum and a member of the species complex C. gloeosporioides sensu lato were consistently isolated from fresh stem samples showing early symptoms (chlorosis). Koch's postulates were undertaken, to establish the pathogenicity of the two species. No symptoms were observed on plants inoculated with C. gloeosporioides; however, leaf and stem lesions developed after inoculation with C. truncatum, which was reisolated from the diseased tissue, confirming it as the disease-causing agent. Preliminary management practices for the disease are proposed.

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IMPACT OF LAND USE AND LAND USE HISTORY ON FRUITS PRODUCTION OF VITELLARIA PARADOXA (SHEA TREE) ACCORDING TO AGROCLIMATIC ZONES IN MALI (WEST AFRICA)

Current Botany ◽

10.25081/cb.2019.v10.20190109 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Site Effect ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Permanent Plots ◽

Land Use History ◽

The North ◽

Sudanian Zone ◽

Agroclimatic Zones

To understand how various factors influence phenological patterns like fruit production and the extent of phenological variability as survival strategy in different environments, fruit production of shea trees was studied in different agroclimatic zones (North Sudanian, South Sudanian and North Guinean) in Mali. Three sites were selected for this study and in each site; two stands (field and fallow) were concerned. For each stand, three “land use history or land management" i.e. new fields/fallows (1-5 years), medium (6-10 years) and old (10 years) were considered and permanent plots of 0.25 ha were established. 60 adult shea trees (DBH) ≥ 10 cm) were selected by site and monitored for fruit production assessment. The nested analysis of variance on the yield showed a significant site effect and significant effect of land use history within stand. However, stand effect within site was not significant. Factors like site and land management (land use history) appear to be determinant for fruit production of V. paradoxa. The site of Mperesso in the South Sudanian zone showed the highest fruit mean yield (11 kg/tree), significantly higher than the fruit mean yield observed at Daelan (7 kg/tree) in the North Sudanian zone and that observed at Nafégué (6 kg/tree) in the North Guinean zone. For field stand, old fields showed highest mean yield in all sites. For fallow stand, old fallows showed the lowest mean yield in most of cases. Different pattern was observed between field and fallow stands regarding the effect of land management. More fields are aged, more they influence positively fruit production whereas more fallows are aged, and more they influence negatively fruit production. This study highlighted the importance of land management practices and therefore, any domestication program to be successful should consider the potential effect of management practices.

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Nitrogen Fertilizer Management Practices to Enhance Seed Production by `Anaheim Chili' Peppers

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.115.2.245 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 245-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.O. Payero ◽

M.S. Bhangoo ◽

J.J. Steiner

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Total N ◽

Leaf Petiole ◽

Total Seed

The effects of six applied N treatments differing by rates and frequencies of application on the yield and quality of pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Anaheim Chili') grown for seed was studied. The timing of N applications was based on crop phenology, leaf petiole nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (NO3-N) minimum thresholds, and scheduled calendar applications of fixed amounts of N. Solubilized NH4NO3 was applied through a trickle-irrigation system to ensure uniform and timely applications of N. Rate of mature (green and red) fruit production was unaffected by any treatment except weekly applications of 28 kg·ha-1 of N, which stopped production of mature fruit before all other treatments. Early season floral bud and flower production increased with increasing amounts of N. The two highest total N treatments produced more floral buds and flowers late in the season than the other treatments. Total fruit production was maximized at 240 kg N/ha. Differences in total fruit production due to frequency of N application resulted at the highest total N level. Red fruit production tended to be maximized with total seasonal applied N levels of 240 kg·ha-1 and below, although weekly applications of N reduced production. Total seed yield was a function of red fruit production. Pure-1ive seed (PLS) production was a function of total seed production. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for red fruit production also decreased with N rates >240 kg·ha-1, but PLS yield and NUE decreased in a near-linear fashion as the amount of total seasonal applied N increased, regardless of application frequency. Season average NO3-N (AVE NO3-N) values >4500 mg·kg-1 had total seed and PLS yields less than those treatments <4000 mg·kg-1. Six-day germination percentage was reduced with weekly N applications of 14 kg·ha-1. Seed mass was reduced with weekly N applications of 28 kg·ha-1. Final germination percent, seedling root length and weight, and field emergence were unaffected by any of the N treatments. These findings indicate that different N management strategies are needed to maximize seed yield compared to fruit yield and, therefore, there may be an advantage to growing `Anaheim Chili' pepper specifically for seed.

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Effect of conventional and organic orchard floor management practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a ‘Cripp’s Pink’/M7 apple orchard soil

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2015.07.026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 213 ◽

pp. 114-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

André H. Meyer ◽

John Wooldridge ◽

Joanna F. Dames

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Management Practices ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Apple Orchard ◽

Orchard Floor Management ◽

Orchard Soil

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Effects of best management practices on dry matter production and fruit production efficiency of oil palm

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/j.eja.2017.07.008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 209-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H.H. Tao ◽

C. Donough ◽

M.P. Hoffmann ◽

Y.L. Lim ◽

S. Hendra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Management Practices ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Best Management ◽

Matter Production

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Soil assessment of apple orchards under conventional and organic management

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr06096 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 745 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Iris Vogeler ◽

Rogerio Cichota ◽

Siva Sivakumaran ◽

Markus Deurer ◽

Ian McIvor

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Soil Strength ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Water Infiltration ◽

Organic Management ◽

Conventional Management ◽

Chemical Soil ◽

Integrated Fruit Production ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Wheel Track

To determine the effect of wheel traffic and two different management practices on soil compaction and its consequences on physical and chemical soil properties, we measured penetration resistance, water infiltration, bulk density, macroporosity, chemical mobility, air permeability, and soil strength in a conventional orchard (integrated fruit-production program) with bare (sprayed with herbicides) rows and an organic apple orchard with grassed rows. Resistance measurements were taken both within the tree row and the wheel track, down to a depth of 0.35 to 0.40 m. The results indicate that compaction is greater in the wheel tracks under both management methods. Compaction in the wheel track was higher under organic than conventional management. Organic management resulted in a higher macroporosity in both the row and the wheel-track than conventional management. The ‘close-to-saturation’ infiltration rate was significantly greater within the row of the organic orchard (0.06 m/h) compared with the row of the conventional orchard (0.02 m/h), and compared with the wheel tracks (0.01 m/h). The precompression stress value in the top 100 mm, a measure of the soil strength, was low on all sites. The chemical mobilities were 57 and 50% in the organic orchard, and 86 and 93% in the conventional orchard, respectively, for wheel track and row. Apart from the compaction in the wheel track of the organic orchard, physical and chemical soil characteristics were in a better condition compared with the conventional orchard.

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