Effect of Trichoderma viride Liquid Formulations on Percent Growth Inhibition of Soil Born Pathogens

Disease control of soilborne pathogens by biological control agents (BCAs) is often inconsistent under field conditions. This inconsistency may be partly influenced by pathogen diversity if there is a differential response among pathogen species and isolates to selected BCAs. The responses of 148 Pythium isolates obtained from soil at three forest nurseries and representative of 16 Pythium spp. were evaluated in the presence of Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 in an in vitro assay. Percent growth inhibition, inhibition zone distance, mortality, and growth rate were recorded for each isolate, and data were analyzed for effects of species and isolate. Responses of three Pythium spp. (Pythium irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum) were further analyzed for a location (nursery) effect. Although S. lydicus inhibited all Pythium isolates, differences in percent growth inhibition, inhibition zone distance, and mortality were observed among Pythium spp. and isolates. Small but significant location effects were also noted. Growth rate also varied among Pythium spp. and isolates and was found to strongly bias percent growth inhibition and, to a lesser degree, inhibition zone distance; depending on which measure was used, slower-growing isolates appeared less sensitive (growth inhibition) or more sensitive (inhibition zone) to S. lydicus than faster-growing isolates. Results illustrate the importance of using multiple, representative pathogen isolates in preliminary BCA inhibition assays as well as accounting for the effect of pathogen growth rate on pathogen inhibition by BCAs. Future studies should take pathogen diversity into account when evaluating biological control efficacy.

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GROWTH INHIBITION OF TWO SAPROPHYTIC AND TWO PLANT PARASITIC SOIL FUNGI BY ANTIBIOTICS

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b61-037 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 491-495

Author(s):

E. W. B. Ward ◽

A. W. Henry

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Soil Fungi ◽

Agar Medium ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Plant Parasitic

Comparisons were made of growth inhibition of two saprophytic (Trichoderma viride, Trichocladium asperum) and two plant parasitic soil fungi (Ophiobolus graminis, Fomes annosus) by antibiotics. The fungi were grown on an agar medium containing various concentrations of one of the antibiotics: acti-dione, gliotoxin, griseofulvin, patulin, or trichothecin. In general the two parasites tended to be more sensitive than the saprophytes, but there were several individual exceptions. Moreover, the comparative responses of the fungi at different antibiotic concentrations were frequently not proportionately related. The results are discussed in relation to the possible effects of antibiotics on fungi in natural soil.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Effect of Different Essential Oils in Management of Post-Harvest Fruit Rot of Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) Caused by Colletotrichum spp

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v9i3.38614 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 187-192

Author(s):

Pramod Gairhe ◽

Sandesh Bhandari ◽

Hom Prasad Sitaula ◽

Beautina Karki ◽

Hira Kaji Manandhar

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Mustard Oil ◽

Cinnamon Oil ◽

Post Harvest ◽

And Control ◽

Percent Growth Inhibition

A study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of different essential oils in the management of post-harvest fruit rot of banana. It was carried out in completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications and six treatments at Nepal Plant Diseases and Agro Associates (NPDA). The each of six treatments: cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum verum), mustard oil (Brassica oleracea), castor oil (Ricinus communis), neem oil (Azadirachta indica), coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) and control were used at concentrations 200ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm respectively. The radial growth of mycelium (mm) and percent growth inhibition (%) of Colletotrichum spp. was recorded. The decrease in the radial growth and increase in the percent growth inhibition was found in all the treatments except control as their concentration was increased, in which the lowest radial growth and the highest percent growth inhibition was found at 1000 ppm concentration. At 1000 ppm concentration, cinnamon oil shows the lowest radial growth and the highest percent growth inhibition (1.67mm and 98.15%) followed by mustard oil (54.00mm and 40.00%), neem oil (55.17mm and 38.70%), castor oil (55.83mm and 37.96%), coconut oil (61.17mm and 32.04%) and control (90mm and 0.00%) respectively.Thus, cinnamon oil is considered as a good essential oil in regards to a management of post-harvest disease of banana. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(3): 187-192.

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In vitro screening of different Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates to study lytic enzyme production and growth inhibition during antagonism of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini, wilt causing pathogen of cumin

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00259-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ridhdhi Rathore ◽

Dinesh N. Vakharia ◽

Dheeraj Singh Rathore

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Close Association ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Lytic Enzyme ◽

Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽

Causal Pathogen ◽

Percent Growth Inhibition

Abstract Land plants exist in close association with bacterial and fungal microbes, where some associations can be pathogenic and others can be mutualistic/beneficial. One such relation exists between host plant, Cuminum cyminum L. (Cumin) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Foc), the causal pathogen of cumin wilt and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), where Pf acts as a bio-agent for inhibiting Foc and promoting plant growth of cumin. In this study, antagonism by 10 different Pf isolates against Foc was studied under laboratory conditions through percent growth inhibition and biochemical mechanisms. Among these Pf isolates, Pf-5 exhibited the highest in vitro growth inhibition (82.51%). A positive correlation was observed between percent growth inhibition and specific activities of hydrolytic enzymes, chitinase, β-1, 3 glucanase, and protease, where a negative correlation was observed with cell wall degrading enzymes, cellulase and polygalacturonase. To conclude, isolate Pf-5 could be a potential biocontrol agent for Fusarium wilt disease of cumin.

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In-vitro Studies of Plant Extracts against Alternaria brassicae (berk.) Sacc. of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. and coss)

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v3i1.4101 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MAHESH SINGH ◽

H. K. SINGH

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Alternaria Brassicae ◽

Test Fungus ◽

Poison Food Technique ◽

Percent Growth Inhibition

Six plant extract viz., Datura (Daturastramonium), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulous), Karang (Pongamiaglabra),Neem (Azadirachtaindica), Madar (Calotropis gigantean) and Wild sage (Lantana camara) were evaluated in-vitro by poison food technique @ 3, 6, 9 and 12% concentrations against Alternariabrassicaecausing blight of mustard. The results revealed that all the plant extracts inhibited the percent growth inhibition against test fungus as compared to control. However A.indica was found most efficacious with growth inhibition of (38.7%) followed by E. globulus (36.7%). Some extract such as P. glabra and D. stramonium showed moderate inhibition over control (30.9 and 21.6 respectively). Among all plant extract, C. gigantean showed least (15.3%) inhibition over control against A. brassicae. These plant extracts can possibly be used as management of seedborne pathogenic fungi in an eco-friendly way.

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Effects of Fluometuron, Prometryne, Ametryne, and Diuron on Growth of Two Lemna Species

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v58i4.10646 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 483-488

Author(s):

L. C. Liu ◽

A. Cedeño-Maldonado

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Aquatic Species ◽

Autotrophic Growth ◽

Toxic Chemical ◽

Percent Growth Inhibition

The effect of the herbicides Fluometuron, Prometryne, Ametryne and Diuron on the autotrophic growth of the aquatic species Lemna major L. and L. perpusilla Torr. was determined. Fluometuron was the least toxic chemical to both species. Diuron was the most toxic herbicide to L. major, Ametryne most toxic to L. perpusilla. Concentrations of herbicides causing 50 percent growth inhibition of L. major were as follows: a) Fluometuron, 2.6 X 10-6 M; b) Prometryne, 3.5 X 10-7 M; c) Ametryne, 2.30 X 10-7 M; and d) Diuron, 1.75 X 10-7 M. Concentrations of herbicides causing 50 percent growth inhibition of L. perpusilla were as follows: a) Fluometuron, 2.05 X 10-6 M; b) Diuron, 6.4 X 10-8 M; c) Prometryne, 5.4 X 10-8 M; and d) Ametryne, 4.6 X 10-8 M. These herbicides applied at micromolar concentrations proved to be phytotoxic to both Lemna species tested.

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In-vitro Evaluation of Botanicals, Fungi-toxic Chemicals and Bio-control Agent for Efficacy against Turcicum Leaf Blight of Maize

Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council ◽

10.3126/jnarc.v5i1.23811 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 73-80

Author(s):

Subash Subedi ◽

Saraswati Neupane ◽

Surendra BK ◽

Lokendra Oli

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Control Agent ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Exserohilum Turcicum ◽

Fungicidal Action ◽

Dual Cultures

Maize is the second most important cereal crop of Nepal. Its growth and production is severely affected by Turcicum leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum at pre-harvest stage. A total of 6 botanicals, 4 chemical fungicides and 1 bio-control agent were evaluated for efficacy against Exserohilum turcicum under in vitro conditions following poisoned food technique at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Nepal. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. All the tested botanicals, fungicides and bio-control agent exhibited fungicidal action and significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the test pathogen over untreated control. Among botanicals, extract of Acorus calamus L. at 1% W/V checked the pathogen growth completely in-vitro. The mycelial growth inhibition percent of Artimisia indica Willd, Lantana camera L., Allium sativum L., Xanthoxylum armatum DC., and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. at the concentration of 2.5% W/V on PDA was 75.18%, 74.00%, 44.68%, 44.21% and 37.59% respectively. Among fungicides, the mycelial growth inhibition percent of E. turcicum due to ACME-COP (Copper oxychloride 50% WP), SAAF (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) and Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) at the concentration of 1000 ppm on PDA was 70.69%, 68.44%, 61.23%, and 60.52% respectively. Antagonist Trichoderma viride developed more rapidly than E. turcium in single as well as in dual cultures. T. viride caused significantly inhibition of 35% of the pathogen E. turcicum on the 5th day of incubation. These results have important implications for the management of turcicum leaf blight disease in maize.

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Antagonistic potentials of some soil fungi against three post‐harvest pathogenic fungi of Carica papaya L.

Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujbs.v28i1.46488 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Rezuana Binte Helal ◽

Shamim Shamsi

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Soil Fungi ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Volatile Metabolites ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Fusarium Sp

Four antagonistic fungi were isolated from the papaya field soil by serial dilution and were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link., A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tiegh. and Trichoderma viride Pers. The soil fungi were selected to evaluate their antagonistic potentiality against the three postharvest pathogenic fungi of Carica papaya L. following "dual culture colony interaction” and volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In dual culture colony interaction, out of four soil fungi, T. viride showed the highest growth inhibition on C. gloeosporioides (84.28%), F. nivale (95.23%) and Fusarium sp. (87.15%). On the other hand A. niger showed the highest growth inhibition on C. gloeosporioides (77.39%), F. nivale (98.63%) and Fusarium sp. (35.05%). The maximum inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides (77.64%), F. nivale (58.76%) and Fusarium sp. (79.37%). were observed in case of T. viride owing to the volatile metabolites. Whereas the maximum inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides (58.23%), F. nivale (37.43%) and Fusarium sp. (82.31%) were observed in case of A. niger owing to the volatile metabolites. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides (90.90%), F. nivale (89.13%) and Fusarium sp. (76.84%) were observed in case of T. viride owing to the effect of non-volatile metabolites. The maximum inhibition of radial growth of C. gloeosporioides (92.42%), F. nivale (73.01%) and Fusarium sp. (68.67%) were observed in case of A. niger owing to the effect of non-volatile metabolites. Trichoderma viride and A. niger may be exploited commercially as a biocontrol agent against anthracnose and fruit rot pathogens of papaya. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 28(1): 1-7, 2019 (January)

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In Vitro Antagonism between Phytopathogenic Fungi Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichoderma Strains

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11845 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 16-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. J. Parmar ◽

Mohamed M. Hassan ◽

N. P. Bodar ◽

V. V. Umrania ◽

S.V. Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Control Agent ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Stem Rot ◽

New Delhi ◽

Rot Disease

Six Trichoderma strains (collected from IARI, New Delhi and MTCC, Chandigarh) were tested for their ability to inhibit soil born pathogenof groundnut mainly Sclerotium rolfsii (causing stem rot on groundnut). Morphological observations of Trichoderma strains as well asphytopathogenic fungi S. rolfsii were made from culture grown at 28 0C for about one week on PDA media. The radial growth, fastest growthand coiling of test fungus of various Trichoderma strains on plant pathogenic fungi S. rolfsii were examined under LEICA phase contrastbinocular light microscope. In vitro percent growth inhibition of S.rolfsii by various Trichoderma strain was recorded at 5 days after inoculationat 28 oC in the 90 cm petriplates. Results obtained from the antagonism study indicated that Trichoderma viride (NBAII Tv 23) inhibited 61%growth of phytopathogenic fungi S. rolfsii followed by T. harzianum (NBAII Th1) (55% growth inhibition of pathogen). This suggested thatamong different Trichoderma strains, T. viride was the best bio-control agent to inhibit in vitro growth of phytopathogen S.rolfsii whichotherwise cause stem rot disease in groundnut.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11845 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 16-19

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