scholarly journals In Vitro Antagonism between Phytopathogenic Fungi Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichoderma Strains

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Parmar ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
N. P. Bodar ◽  
V. V. Umrania ◽  
S.V. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Rot Disease

Six Trichoderma strains (collected from IARI, New Delhi and MTCC, Chandigarh) were tested for their ability to inhibit soil born pathogenof groundnut mainly Sclerotium rolfsii (causing stem rot on groundnut). Morphological observations of Trichoderma strains as well asphytopathogenic fungi S. rolfsii were made from culture grown at 28 0C for about one week on PDA media. The radial growth, fastest growthand coiling of test fungus of various Trichoderma strains on plant pathogenic fungi S. rolfsii were examined under LEICA phase contrastbinocular light microscope. In vitro percent growth inhibition of S.rolfsii by various Trichoderma strain was recorded at 5 days after inoculationat 28 oC in the 90 cm petriplates. Results obtained from the antagonism study indicated that Trichoderma viride (NBAII Tv 23) inhibited 61%growth of phytopathogenic fungi S. rolfsii followed by T. harzianum (NBAII Th1) (55% growth inhibition of pathogen). This suggested thatamong different Trichoderma strains, T. viride was the best bio-control agent to inhibit in vitro growth of phytopathogen S.rolfsii whichotherwise cause stem rot disease in groundnut.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i1.11845  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 3(1): 16-19      

scholarly journals Efficacy of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii causing collar rot disease of lentil under in vitro conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Shiva Kant Kushwaha ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Balkishan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Three biocontrol agents viz., Trichoderma viride, T. virens and T. harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii under in vitro conditions. All the three antagonists’ viz., T. viride, T. virens and T. harzianum have shown the potential of parasitizing the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The rate of inhibition was fastest in T. harzianum (63.60%) followed by T virens (51.5 %). Least inhibition was recorded in T. viride (50.85% ) after 72 hours of incubation. However, T. viride showed the highest (91.31%) reduction in sclerotia formation followed by T. harzianum (84.92%) and T. virens (84.29%) after 15 days of incubation. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride were found most effective in suppressing the mycelial growth (51.11%) and sclerotia production (95.90%) of the target pathogen. The culture filtrate from both T. harzianum and T. viride (15% concentration) was found very effective in inhibiting the radial growth (57.46 and 49.62%) and sclerotia formation (98.20 and 99.83%) of Sclerotium rolfsii. The antagonists such as T. harzianum and T. viride can be used as a bio-control agent against S. rolfsii under field condition.

Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PREM PANDEY ◽  
G. C. SAGAR ◽  
SUNDARMAN SHRESTHA2 ◽  
HIRAKAJI MANANDHAR ◽  
RITESH K. YADAV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).

scholarly journals Potensi Cendawan Endofit sebagai Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Phytophthora capsici) pada Bibit Cabai

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Evan Purnama Ramdan ◽  
Efi Toding Tondok ◽  
Suryo Wiyono ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Penicillium Strain

Stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is an important disease on chilli. Eight endophytic fungi that had been isolated and screened based on pathogenecity test were further tested for their potential as the biological control agent of the stem rot disease of chilli. The endophytic fungi suspension was applied twice during the trial. The first application was on 100 seed lot, by soaking them in 100 mL of suspension. The second application was on the 3 weeks-old chili seedlings by drenching them with 10 mL suspension per plant. The concentration of endophytic fungi  in the suspension was 2.8 × 106 cfu mL-1. The disease intensity and AUDPC value were measured for 4 weeks after the pathogen inoculation. The growth inhibition test of P. capsici  was performed in vitro and the colonization abilities of endophytic fungi were observed at 4 weeks-old chilli seedlings. Eight endophytic fungi  inhibited the growth of the P. capsici, and two of those isolates namely Penicillium strain MAG1 and Penicillium strain PAB2 showed antibiosis mechanism. Endophytic fungi has the ability more to colonize at the root (26–60%) than in the stem (20–40%). Fusarium strain MAGR1 has the highest level of endophytic colonization i.e. 60% compared to others.  Based on in vivo assay, six endophytic fungi isolates, i.e. Fusarium strain MAGR1, Penicillium strain MAG1, Penicillium strain PAB2, sterile hyphae HAJ1, sterile hyphae HAJ2, and  sterile hyphae PBG7, showed the potency to control stem rot disease with inhibition level of 25.5–35.5%

scholarly journals In-vitro Evaluation of Botanicals, Fungi-toxic Chemicals and Bio-control Agent for Efficacy against Turcicum Leaf Blight of Maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Subash Subedi ◽  
Saraswati Neupane ◽  
Surendra BK ◽  
Lokendra Oli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Exserohilum Turcicum ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Dual Cultures

Maize is the second most important cereal crop of Nepal. Its growth and production is severely affected by Turcicum leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum at pre-harvest stage. A total of 6 botanicals, 4 chemical fungicides and 1 bio-control agent were evaluated for efficacy against Exserohilum turcicum under in vitro conditions following poisoned food technique at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Nepal. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. All the tested botanicals, fungicides and bio-control agent exhibited fungicidal action and significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the test pathogen over untreated control. Among botanicals, extract of Acorus calamus L. at 1% W/V checked the pathogen growth completely in-vitro. The mycelial growth inhibition percent of Artimisia indica Willd, Lantana camera L., Allium sativum L., Xanthoxylum armatum DC., and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. at the concentration of 2.5% W/V on PDA was 75.18%, 74.00%, 44.68%, 44.21% and 37.59% respectively. Among fungicides, the mycelial growth inhibition percent of E. turcicum due to ACME-COP (Copper oxychloride 50% WP), SAAF (Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP), Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) and Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) at the concentration of 1000 ppm on PDA was 70.69%, 68.44%, 61.23%, and 60.52% respectively. Antagonist Trichoderma viride developed more rapidly than E. turcium in single as well as in dual cultures. T. viride caused significantly inhibition of 35% of the pathogen E. turcicum on the 5th day of incubation. These results have important implications for the management of turcicum leaf blight disease in maize.

Antipathy of Trichoderma against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.: Evaluation of Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymatic Activities and Molecular Diversity Analysis of Antagonists

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darshna G. Hirpara ◽  
Harsukh P. Gajera ◽  
Hitesh Z. Hirpara ◽  
Balubhai A. Golakiya
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Rot Disease

The fungus <i>Trichoderma</i> is a teleomorph of the <i>Hypocrea</i> genus and associated with biological control of plant diseases. The microscopic, biochemical, and molecular characterization of <i>Trichoderma </i>was carried out and evaluated for in vitro antagonistic activity against the fungal pathogen <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> causing stem rot disease in groundnut. In total, 11 isolates of <i>Trichoderma</i> were examined for antagonism at 6 and 12 days after inoculation (DAI). Out of 11, <i>T. virens </i>NBAII Tvs12 evidenced the highest (87.91%) growth inhibition of the test pathogen followed by <i>T. koningii</i> MTCC 796 (67.03%), <i>T. viride </i>NBAII Tv23 (63.74%), and <i>T. harzianum </i>NBAII Th1 (60.44%). Strong mycoparasitism was observed in the best antagonist Tvs12 strain during 6-12 DAI. The specific activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes - chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase - was positively correlated with growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In total, 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphisms were reported to amplify 202 alleles across 11 <i>Trichoderma </i>isolates. The average polymorphism information content for SSR markers was found to be 0.80. The best antagonist Tvs 12 was identified with 7 unique SSR alleles amplified by 5 SSR markers. Clustering patterns of 11 <i>Trichoderma </i>strains showed the best antagonist <i>T. virens</i> NBAII Tvs 12 outgrouped with a minimum 3% similarity from the rest of <i>Trichoderma.</i>

scholarly journals Advent of Trichoderma as a bio-control agent- A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Puyam
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Trichoderma spp are free living filamentous fungi. They are cosmopolitan and versatile in nature. They have the potential to produce several enzymes that can degrade the cell wall materials. Also, they release a number of fungi toxic substances that can inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogens. Many mechanisms have been described on how Trichoderma exert beneficial effects on plants as a bio-control agent. But due to its versatile nature, its potential cannot be explored to its full extent. And it is a developing science in the field of bio-control with its new discoveries adding to the usefulness of the fungi as a bio-control agent. Its development as a bio-control agent passes through many phases and each phase adding novel ideas that will help in the development of an efficient bio-agent which in turn will help in the crop improvement and disease management. The studies on their various aspects responsible for bio-control will open a flood gate to the development of Trichoderma as an efficient and reliable bio-agent and provide a better scope for implementation in crop and disease management. The in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viride against phytopathogens (Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum f.s.p. ciceri, Fusarium oxysporum f.s.p. udum) was studied and it was found to be potentially effective against F. oxysporum f.s.p. ciceri followed by F. oxysporum f.s.p. udum and Sclerotium rolfsii.

scholarly journals PERAN AGEN HAYATI ASAL RIZOSFER DAN ENDOFIT MENEKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK SKLEROTIUM ROLFSII BAWANG DAUN DI MEDIA GAMBUT (Role of Rhizosphere and Endophytes Biological Agents to Supress Sclerotium rolfsii Rot Disease on Scallions in the Peat Media)

AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Admin Journal
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Antagonistic Fungi ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACTThe Sclerotium Rot Disease is highly destructive to the scallions cultivation in the peat soil. Theantagonistic fungi isolated from the rhizosphere and the endophytes of healthy plants, have beenproven to be able to reduce Sclerotium rolfsii. The aim of this study was to evaluate thecharacteristics of antagonistic fungi from rhizosphere and endophytes of Scallions to S. rolfsii in- vitro in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was also to perform the suppression test on theintensity of Sclerotium rolfsiiRot Disease in planta in the peat media in the screen house. Thisresearch it was shown that genus Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillusas antagonistic fungi, wereidentified from the endophytes, meanwhile genus Trichoderma, Penicillium dan Aspergillus sp. were identified from the rhizosphere. Trichoderma Rz-1 and Trichoderma Rz-3 isolated from therhizosphere was shown to have the highest antagonistic activity by 94,4 %, followed by AspergillusEd-2, which was isolated from the endophytes by 83,8%. In planta on peat media, TrichodermaRz-1 was capable to demonstrate 82,19% of antagonistic effect and it could suppress SclerotiumRot Diseasehence it produced the fresh weight of the plant highest to 19gcluster-1. Taken together,the result of this study showed that Trichoderma Rz-1 isolated from rhizosphere has been proven tobe the most beneficial to reduce the Sclerotium rolfsii on Scallions as a biological control agent,especially in peat soils.Keywords: biocontrol, rhizosphere,endophyte, scallions, Sclerotium rolfsii

Evaluation of fungicides and bio-control agents in-vitro, against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes white stem rot disease in Rapeseed-mustard

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Devesh Pathak ◽  
R. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Rot Disease

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major disease of rapeseed-mustard and it is considered next to Alternaria blight in causing yield losses as much as 70 per cent in susceptible crop. The pathogen survives in the form of sclerotia on plant debris or in soil for more than 4 years, which makes it very difficult to manage with conventional approaches. Therefore, its management with fungicides and bio-control agents remains an effective approach. The present study was undertaken in-vitro, using four fungicides viz., vitavax, propiconazole, mancozeb and azoxystrobin at three different concentrations i.e. 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% and three species of Trichoderma viz., T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii,to find out their relative efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen. It is evident from the observations that all four fungicides and three Trichoderma spp. resulted a significant effect on growth inhibition of S. sclerotiorum. Among all fungicides tested, vitavax and propiconazole were most effective at all three concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 %) and inhibited cent percent radial growth of the pathogen, while mancozeb and azoxystrobin were least effective. Among the bio-control agents, T. viride was noted to be most effective antagonist followed by T. koningii resulting 78.50% and 72.21% growth inhibition, respectively. Whereas, T. harzianum showed minimum radial growth inhibition (49.25%) of S. sclerotiorum in this study.

scholarly journals Antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from weed plant against stem end rot pathogen of pitaya in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
The Anh Luu ◽  
Quyet Tien Phi ◽  
Thi Thu Hang Nguyen ◽  
Mai Van Dinh ◽  
Bich Ngoc Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Weed Plant ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background Fungal stem end rot disease of pitaya caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the most destructive diseases in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. This study aimed to assess the antagonistic effects of some endophytic bacteria isolated from the weed plant (Echinochloa colonum) against A. alternata. Results A total of 19 endophytic bacteria were isolated and 5 of them presented in vitro antagonistic activity against A. alternata. Of five, strain EC80 significantly inhibited the pathogenic growth with a mean inhibition diameter of 11.88 ± 0.08 mm, while the other four (C79, EC83, EC90, and EC97) showed a weak inhibition. Interestingly, the combination of EC79 and EC80 reduced more biomass of pathogenic fungi than the single one did. EC79 showed positive results for amylase, indole acetic acid (IAA), and biofilm production, whereas EC80 presented positive capabilities for IAA and biofilm production and a negative one for amylase production. In addition, the combined filtrate of EC79 and EC80 presented non-antifungal activity on biocontrol tests in vitro, indicating that bacteria cells played a role in defending against the pathogen. Moreover, both isolates EC79 and EC80 significantly increased seedling biomass than the control. Conclusions The results suggest that those two strains in combination had the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against A. alternata. More studies should be done in the future to evaluate their efficiency under the field conditions.

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