scholarly journals Determination of Bioefficacy and Phytotoxicity of Fungicide Taqat 75% WP (Captan 70% + Hexaconazole 5%) against Leaf Spot and Fruit Spot Diseases in Tomato Crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Rishu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Fruit Spot

scholarly journals Homeopathic and high dilution preparations for pest management to tomato crop under organic production system

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiani A Modolon ◽  
Pedro Boff ◽  
Mari Inês C Boff ◽  
David José Miquelluti
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Production System ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Dilution ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Arnica Montana ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum) under conventional production system are constantly treated against pest and diseases, with organic synthetic pesticides that are used may cause serious disturbance to environment and human health. This research was carried out in order to study the effect of homeopathic and high dilution preparations on pests and diseases management of tomato crop under organic production system. Two experiments were conducted under field conditions and one in greenhouse. All of them in randomized block design with the cultivar Santa Cruz Kada. The treatments consisted of homeopathic preparations Staphysagria, Arsenicum album, Sulphur, Arnica montana, high dilution preparations of Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum aculeatissimum, at the decimal (DH) or centesimal (CH) scale of hahnemanian high dilution. Bordeaux mixture, cupric preparation, and Bacillus thuringiensis were also included in weight doses. The preparation Arnica montana 12DH increased the tomato yield under field conditions. The damage incidence of small borer was efficiently reduced with applications of Sulphur 12CH that equalling to B. thuringiensis. The same treatment did not reduce the large borers. B. thuringiensis reduced also the septoria leaf spot incidence in the field. In greenhouse, the high dilution preparation of tomato at 12DH completely suppressed the septoria leaf spot and drastically reduced the same disease at 24DH. The homeopathic and high dilution preparations have the potential to be effective on replacing pesticides that are used on tomato, and could be suitable to fill legal requirement for organic production system.

Development of an empirical tomato crop disease model: a case study on gray leaf spot

2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-490
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Jorge Antonio Sanchez-Molina ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Manuel Berenguel
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Crop Disease

scholarly journals Testing of different methods for identification of bacterial leaf spot (Siringae pv. maculicola (Mcculloch) Young et al.) plant pathogen in cauliflower leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 174-186
Author(s):  
S.I. Prikhodko ◽  
◽  
A.B. Yaremko ◽  
K.P. Kornev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Plant Quarantine ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Russian Plant

Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (McCulloch) Young et al. is a pathogen of cauliflower bacterial spot that affects many plants of the Cruciferae family. The need for quality diagnostics of this species arose due to the mandatory phytosanitary inspection of places of production of plant products intended for export. Our research aims at determining a set of methods for the diagnosis of the pathogen of cauliflower bacterial leaf spot and evaluating these methods’ applicability in laboratory practice. The object of the research is P. syringae pv. maculicola – the causative agent of cauliflower bacterial leaf spot.The article presents the test results of two methods for the identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola (McCulloch) Young et al. carried out in 2020 at the All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (VNIIKR). The first method is based on the determination of biochemical properties using the API 20E test kit produced by bioMérieux’s (France); the second one – is a conventional PCR. The type bacterial strain CFBP 1657 obtained by specialists of the All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (VNIIKR) from French collection of plant-associated bacteria (Cirm-CFBP) was used in the studies. A comparison of the biochemical properties of 23 bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas showed that there are only two characteristics within this test that distinguish P. s. pv. maculicola from other species pathovars: acetoin products and gelatin hydrolysis. Two pairs of primers with different targets in the P. syringae genome were also tested. PCR with PsyF/PsyR primers demonstrated the highest similarity of the obtained fragments with the NCBI database (97.2 %). The analytical sensitivity of PCR with PsyF/PsyR primers in plant and seed extracts was 105 CFU/ml. Determination of analytical specificity with 33 bacterial strains of the genus Pseudomonas revealed cross-reactions with strains of the following species: P. congelans, P. savastanoi pv. phaseolicola, P. savastanoi pv. glycinea, P. syringae pv. coronafaciens, P. syringae pv. syringae. Thus, to differentiate the species by means of PCR with PsyF/PsyR primers, the nucleotide sequence of the obtained amplification products should be additionally determined by Sanger sequencing.

scholarly journals Glomerella leaf spot in apple: validation of proposed diagrammatic scale and efficiency of fungicides

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1502-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lígia Sayko Kowata ◽  
Michele Strapasson ◽  
Márcio Alberto Challiol ◽  
Louise Larissa May-De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Severity Assessment ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Glomerella Leaf Spot ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Diagrammatic Scale

A diagrammatic scale to assess Glomerella leaf spot severity (Colletotrichum spp) was developed and validated during the tryout of a fungicide efficiency experiment in the field. Apple leaves were collected for determination of minimum and maximum severity limits; intermediate levels were obtained according to "Weber-Fechner's stimulus-response law". Scale validation was performed by four raters, which estimated the severity in 100 leaves; with and without the use of the scale. An experiment was carried out in a commercial orchard in randomized blocks with 10 plants. The treatments and dosages (g 100 L-1 of water) used were: cyprodinil (15); pyrimethanil (30, 37.5, 45); propineb (140) e mancozeb (160) + tebuconazole (12.50), and a control (no spray). The incidence and severity in leaves; number of fruits, weight and incidence in fruit (harvest) and defoliation (after harvest) were evaluated. The proposed scale showed the levels of 0.08; 0.28; 0.99; 3.45; 11.23 and 30.93%. The scale was adequate for severity assessment; R2 changed from 0.68 to 0.96 with the use of the scale. Pyrimethanil treatments did not control the disease. The incidence on fruit was 30 and on leaves 63%. The incidence was reduced in 35.6% (propineb) and 33.7% (mancozeb + tebuconazole) related to the control, these treatments were efficient to control the disease. The defoliation was 44 % in the control against 9.6 and 2.5% to propineb and mancozeb + tebuconazole.

Determination of the severity of Septoria leaf spot in tomato by using digital images

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-356
Author(s):  
Amanda do Prado Mattos ◽  
João Batista Tolentino Júnior ◽  
Adriana Terumi Itako
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

scholarly journals Occurrence of a Fruit Spot Disease of Pear Caused by Septoria pyricola in Tyrnavos Larissa, Northern Greece

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-845
Author(s):  
T. Thomidis ◽  
S. Katerinis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Koch’S Postulates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Spot ◽  
Koch's Postulates ◽  
Wounded Area ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Pear tree (Pyrus communis) is an important crop in Greece. In 2012, fruits of the pear cv. Kontoula were observed in commercial fields located in Tirnavos, Prefecture of Larrisa, Greece, with symptoms of well-defined brown angular margins and their grayish white centers in which a few pycnidia (about 180 × 150 μm) were produced within the spots. Pycnidia were dark, separate, and globe-shaped with an ostiole (opening at the apex) from which conidia (about 40 to 60 × 3 μm) were extruded, and erupted through the surface of the infected tissue. Conidia were produced on short conidiophores. They were clear, narrowly elongated to filiform, and several-celled. The pathogen was isolated on acidified-PDA (2.5 ml 85% lactic acid per liter of nutrient medium) and incubated at 23°C for 7 days. The pathogen was identified as Septoria pyricola Desm. based on morphological characteristics. Koch's postulates were completed in the laboratory by placing a 40-μl drop of suspension (4 × 105 conidia ml−1 of water) on a wounded area of healthy fruits of cv. Kontoula. Fruits were surface sterilized with dipping in 0.1% chlorine solution, allowed to dry in a laminar flow hood. There were 15 inoculated and 15 control fruits (similarly inoculated with sterile distilled water) in a randomized design. Fruits were covered with perforated polythene bags to maintain a high humidity necessary for infection and these bags were removed 48 h after inoculation and maintained at room temperature (23 ± 2°C). Lesion development was recorded daily for each fruit. Koch's postulates were satisfied after re-isolating the fungus from inoculated fruit that developed symptoms similar to those observed on fruits collected from fields. Symptoms of this disease were found in all pear orchards cultivating the cv. Kontoula located in Tyrnavos (a municipality in the Prefecture of Larissa). Symptoms of septoria leaf spot were also observed in the above pear orchards. In contrast, no symptom of septoria fruit spot and septoria leaf spot was observed in apple orchards of the above regions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of S. pyricola as causal agent of fruit spot of pears in Greece. Fruit spotting is relatively uncommon; nevertheless, Sivanesan (3) gives two reports of conidia infecting pear fruits from Italy and South Africa (1,2). References: (1) G. Florenzano. Int. Bull. Plant Prot. 20:17, 1946. (2) A. J. Louw. Farming in South Africa 23:737, 1948. (3) A. Sivanesan. IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, vol. 99, sheet 989. CABI, Wallingford, UK, 1990.

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