FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES - INTEREST RATE SWAP

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Zoran Ivanović ◽  
Elvis Mujačević
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flows ◽  
Basic Form ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Interest Rate Swap ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Forward Contract ◽  
Financial Derivative ◽  
Future Cash Flows ◽  
Interest Payments ◽  
Rate Swap

Swap as a portfolio of forward contract is a financial derivative traded on the over-the-counter market. In its basic form, swap is based on the exchange of future cash flows between two market participants in accordance with the agreed terms. The cash flows that are exchanged are the interest payments and in some circumstances even the notional amount, and transactions are carried out in a period of two to thirty years. Swaps first appeared in 80's, and have evolved from back-to-back loans.

scholarly journals Interest Rate Swap Market Complexity and Its Risk Management Implications

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Steve Y. Yang ◽  
Esen Onur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Interest Rate Swap ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Interest Rate Futures ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
Management Behaviors ◽  
Rate Swap

The primary objective of this paper is to study the post Dodd-Frank network structure of the interest rate swap market and propose a set of effective complexity measures to understand how the swap users respond to market risks. We use a unique swap dataset extracted from the swap data repositories (SDRs) to examine the network structure properties and market participants’ risk management behaviors. We find (a) the interest rate swap market follows a scale-free network where the power-law exponent is less than 2, which indicates that few of its important entities have a significant number of contracts within their subsidiaries (a.k.a. interaffiliated swap contracts); (b) swap rate volatility Granger-causes swap users to increase their risk sharing intensity at entity level, but market participants do not change their risk management strategies in general; (c) there is a significant contemporaneous correlation between the swap rate volatility and the underlying interest rate futures volatility. However, interest rate swap volatility does not cause the underlying interest rate futures volatility and vice versa. These findings provide the market regulators and swap users a better understanding of interest rate swap market participants’ risk management behaviors, and it also provides a method to monitor the swap market risk sharing dynamics.

scholarly journals Credit risk in emerging markets Peruvian listed company

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Kurt Burneo Farfan ◽  
Gabriela Barriga Ampuero ◽  
Edmundo R. Lizarzaburu ◽  
Julio Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Listed Company ◽  
Credit Scoring ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
Banking Credit ◽  
Future Cash Flows ◽  
Interest Payments ◽  
Debt Obligation

The aim of this paper is to introduce the importance of the banking credit risk, the main elements that conform it and the main alternatives that are offered to access to a loan as well as a description of its measurement and management in the sector. There will be a general explanation of credit risk and the main parties involved in it. As the topic is developed it is going to be analyzed the lending process carried out by the banks as well as the quantitative and qualitative elements taken into account when taking a credit decision (The 5C’s of credit, credit scoring and models for quantification of losses for instance). Another thing to considerate is that Credit risk arises whenever a borrower is expecting to use future cash flows to pay a current debt. Also, the investors have the access for the information of a client and they are compensated for assuming credit risk by way of interest payments from the borrower or issuer of a debt obligation and the credit risk is a useful tool for the finance management. The Enterprise risk management in Peru changed in 2015 because the local regulator is in process to review the norm, including some aspects of corporate governance; these changes are not included in this research.

The Collateral-Linked Currency Forward (CLCF) Contract: Blockchain-Enabled OTC Currency Forward Market Infrastructure

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Counterparty Risk ◽  
Forward Contracts ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Forward Contract ◽  
Market Infrastructure

We eliminate the primary source of uncompensated risk from trading in one of the largest sectors of the global financial markets. Market infrastructure enhancements are achieved in the foreign exchange (FX) forward contract market by integrating distributed ledger technology (DLT) into the creation of collateral-linked contracts for currency forwards (CLCF). Specifically, we deploy DLT with embedded automation as the shared platform for bilateral FX forward contracts, including operational provisions of International Swaps and Derivatives Association and Credit Support Annex agreements. Through automation, we link the economics of the currency forward contract and the price-volatility-induced counterparty exposures, bringing intraday counterparty risk to within mutually acceptable ranges. The essential benefits of the over-the-counter market structure are preserved because CLCF contracts remain bilateral to allow for customized terms and conditions between market participants. Reduced concentration risk is also preserved because there is no central counterparty or central clearing organization into which all risks are pooled. As a result, liquidity is enhanced and risk is reduced in the FX forward contract market.

Timberland transaction costs and due diligence: a literature review and assessment of research needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
A. Hiegel ◽  
J. Siry ◽  
P. Bettinger ◽  
B. Mei
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Common Event ◽  
Future Cash Flows

In the last three decades, purchases and sales of large timberland estates have become a common event worldwide. Timberland investments generally entail the purchase of land containing (or suitable for growing) merchantable timber in order to obtain future cash flows and an appreciation in the value of the entire estate. This review documents many of the critical steps involved in a comprehensive due diligence of investable timberland estates, and illustrates the sources and components of the transaction costs involved. Detailed insights into the processes involved in assessing potential timberland transactions and how market participants conduct these transactions are presented. These are followed by the discussion of implications of these findings for investment decisions and the assessment of pertinent research needs. This review attempts to create a framework to discuss and investigate the relevant costs of the due diligence process. Since almost no forestry due diligence literature was discovered, future research may then build upon this framework.

scholarly journals Do Direct Cash Flow Disclosures Help Predict Future Operating Cash Flows and Earnings?

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Orpurt ◽  
Yoonseok Zang
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Balance Sheets ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Forecasting Performance ◽  
Earnings Forecasting ◽  
Future Cash Flows ◽  
Stated Purpose

ABSTRACT: Motivated by recent FASB, IASB, and CFA Institute comments, we explore the predictive value of direct method cash flow disclosures. A primary stated purpose of the direct method is to better forecast future performance. To examine this purpose, we first document that direct method line items, such as cash received from customers, are not reliably estimable using income statements and either balance sheets or indirect method statements of cash flows. When these stimation (articulation) errors are included in cash flows and earnings forecasting models, forecasting performance significantly improves. In addition, employing a future ERC (FERC) methodology, we find evidence suggesting that market participants utilize direct method disclosures for their stated purpose: to better forecast future operating performance. After conducting several tests for self-selection concerns, we conclude that the direct method is valuable to investors when forecasting future cash flows and earnings.

scholarly journals Cross-Currency Interest Rate Swap Application in the Long-Term Currency Risk Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Piotr Wybieralski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Currency Risk ◽  
Money Markets ◽  
Interest Rate Swap ◽  
Risk Hedging ◽  
Rate Swap

<p>Effective currency risk management using various derivatives is particularly important under increased market volatility. The risk is relatively higher for longer than shorter time frames. This study highlights the implementation of selected instruments for long-term hedging. It presents the application of cross-currency interest rate swap as a currency risk hedging tool used by Polish exporters, mainly manufacturers generating their revenues mostly abroad (in euro area), exposed to negative exchange rate fluctuations. The paper covers issues related to the pricing, market risk estimation and collateral required in the OTC market, as well as undertakes a sensitivity analysis in search for exchange rates at which margin call occurs. There is a comparative analysis and back test simulation conducted using market data from exchange and money markets. The study emphasized that the analyzed instrument meets the expectations in terms of hedging the company cash flows, as well as may generate additional benefits due to the still existing interest rate differential.</p>

Dampak Inflasi terhadap Informasi Laba pada Green Investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Ihda Arifin Faiz ◽  
Herman Legowo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Managerial Performance ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
Green Investment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Cash Flows

This study aims to examine the impact of inflation on return attribute as a measure of future uncertainty of company in considering the market response. Inflation has significant contribution in macro-economic level and long-term period for micro-level condition of company. Therefore, investor should consider inflation in avoid bias calculation of investment return, especially green corporation where intense for long-term orientation. The research uses secondary data from MSCI global Islamic indices for portfolio of Islamic corporation as green corporate determination. Simple regression was used for data analysis purposes in research methodology. The results of the study show that inflation has no effect on the importance of profit information in green investment companies. This means that market participants still rely on nominal earnings and managerial performance than long-term purchasing power and future cash flows.

Does the Mandatory Adoption of IFRS Improve the Association between Accruals and Cash Flows? Evidence from Accounting Estimates

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-59
Author(s):  
Jimmy F. Downes ◽  
Tony Kang ◽  
Sohyung Kim ◽  
Cheol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Financial Reporting Standards ◽  
Ifrs Adoption ◽  
Accounting Estimates ◽  
Accounting Accruals ◽  
Future Cash Flows

SYNOPSIS We investigate the effect of mandatory International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption in the European Union on the association between accounting estimates and future cash flows, a key concept of accounting quality within the International Accounting Standard Board conceptual framework. We find that the predictive value of accounting estimates improves after IFRS adoption. This improvement is largely driven by specific types of accounting estimates, such as accounts receivable, depreciation, and amortization expense. We also find that the improvement is concentrated in countries with larger differences between pre-IFRS domestic GAAP and IFRS. Our findings suggest that IFRS allow managers to exercise their judgment to provide information about future cash flows through the more subjective/judgmental portion of accounting accruals. JEL Classifications: M16; M49; O52. Data Availability: The data used in this study are from public sources identified in the study.

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