Anastas Benderev's 1890 Ethnographic Maps

This article deals with a pair of old ethnographic maps made by a Bulgarian officer (bearing the rank of Captain at the time) named Anastas Benderev (1859–1946). The maps were first published as folding attachments in Benderev’s book Military Geography and Statistics of Macedonia and Its Adjacent Territories on the Balkan Peninsula (Voennaia geografiia i statistika Makedonii i sosednikh s neiu oblastei Balkanskago poluostrova), which itself was published in Russian in Saint Petersburg in 1890. The stated purpose of the maps was to elucidate certain passages from the book, particularly those pertaining to the population’s ethnic composition. One of the maps (Etnograficheskaya karta Balkanskogo poluostrova) depicts the ethnicities across the entire Balkan Peninsula, while the other (Etnograficheskaya karta Makedonii) focuses on those within the confines of the historical and geographical territory of Macedonia. Due to a confluence of events, the maps in question are barely known and hardly ever used nowadays, even though they represent valuable relics from the era. This article aims to reintroduce them into the scientific discourse as historical documents of note.

How to get a patent for invention. Recommendations for drawing up application materials

Availability of patents for inventions is a significant indicator of innovative activity in scientific research organization, one of efficiency criterion of its work, creates legal basis for integration innovations into practice and future commercial use. Not every inventor can formulate the point of his invention and describe it correctly according to demands of current legislation.Objective is to help a beginning inventor to form description and formula of invention correctly, to provide information, necessary for giving patent’s application.Recommendations for drawing up a claim according to the patent law of Russia are present in the article with an accent on inventions in the medical area. Conditions of patentability, objects of invention, patent validity periods have been considered. Conditions of creation companies’ inventions have also been highlighted. In the article the demands to a content of applications, structure of description, formula and an abstract of invention have been disclosed in details in compliance with “The Rules of drawing up, applying and considerations of papers (documents), which are the basis for performing legally significant actions in accordance with State registration of inventions” and “Demands to documents of an application of patent of invention”, approved by the Order Minister of Economic Development of Russian Federation, dated on 25.05.2016 No. 316. The example of description of invention in the medical area is given in order to illustrate an invention prototype.According to patent legislation of Russian Federation, a protection is provided to technical decision, which is new, not evident for a specialist in a given filed and is fully revealed in description of an invention in an amount, that is enough for its reproduction, and realization of a stated purpose is confirmed by materials of application. Formula of application must be totally based on a description.

Crafted ambiguity in the Wisdom of Solomon

The Wisdom of Solomon is a text intensely concerned with epistemological questions. What is true knowledge? Where does it come from? What’s its purpose? How does one attain it? In each of its parts, Wisdom can be seen directly and clearly tackling these types of problems. The Wisdom of Solomon is also a text deeply and frustratingly ambiguous. Is this some kind of embarrassing irony, a text so intent on delving into the nature and purpose of understanding ultimately unable to be understood? This study looks at how the ambiguity, surely present at several places throughout the book, is, in fact, rhetorically crafted and designed to guide to the reader to greater clarity and understanding. There is, then, no conflict between the stated purpose of the text, to lead the reader to wisdom and knowledge, and the means by which the author does so. The ambiguity and the epistemology of the Wisdom of Solomon are, in the end, inseparable.

State Legislatures and Distrust

This chapter explains the myriad restrictions that state constitutions place on state legislatures—such as single-subject rules, clear-title, and public-purpose clauses—and the kinds of problems that prompted them. The clear-title rule requires the subject of each bill to be expressed plainly in its title. The single-subject requirement ensures that each bill enacted by the legislature contains just one subject. The original-purpose requirement requires a final bill to line up with the stated purpose of the original bill. These limitations grew naturally out of a preoccupation of the Jacksonian era, curbing special interests. The US Constitution does not place comparable restrictions on Congress.

Reading Confessions of the Flesh as the Second Volume of the History of Sexuality

Summary In this article, I propose a different reading of Foucault’s newly published work than suggested by the publishers and in initial reviews. I question the claim that it represents the fourth volume of the History of Sexuality and rather propose to regard it as an intended second volume. Comparing Foucault’s final plan of publication of the series with the background and stated purpose of Les aveux de la chair, I hold that it is part of a different philosophical project than volumes two and three. Foucault wrote Les aveux de la chair to explore the roots of modern power in the experiences that early Christianity occasioned. This makes the work relevant for current theology and the philosophy of religion.

Establishment of the institution of covert investigation in the criminal justice system of Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to study the formation of the covert investigation institution in the criminal justice system of Ukraine. The subject of research is the prerequisites for the establishment of this institution in Ukraine. Research methods are chosen considering the stated purpose and tasks, object, and topic of the study. Consequently, the article uses general and specific scientific methods. Among the results of the research, the realization of an analysis of the international experience of operation of similar institutions in developed countries stands out. Problematic issues of the formation of the covert investigation institution in Ukraine are identified. In conclusion, it is noted that Ukraine has opted for a covert investigation system, the mechanism of which is more geared towards solving crimes - "incidents", when it is not necessary to hide the fact of the investigation. In terms of the practical implications, the peculiarities of the operation of the covert investigation institution in the criminal justice system of Ukraine are highlighted and, based on the investigation carried out, the definition of the perpetrators of the mentioned legal category is offered.

‘Not in our Name’

In this paper, we draw on our collaborative work running a salon for thinking about care in STS research, which quickly became more about fostering an ethico-politics for thinking with care as a mode of academic intervention. Not dissimilar to the origins of the salon in nineteenth-century France, the salon provided a provocative and disruptive space for early career researchers (ECRs) to think together. As attention and critique increasingly point towards the unequal distribution of harms arising from marketization and the vulnerability of ECRs in the ‘neoliberal university,’ we have witnessed a surge in activities that promise a supportive space, such as pre-conference conferences, seminar series, discussion forums and self-care workshops. In this paper, we ask not only what these modes of care might make possible, but also what exclusionary practices and patterns they mask or render more palatable (Ahmed, 2004; Duclos & Criado, 2020; Martin et al., 2015; Murphy, 2015). Reflecting on our experiences of organizing and participating in the salon, with the stated purpose to explore ‘ecologies of care’ as an embodied socio-material practice (Puig de la Bellacasa, 2017), we move from care ‘out there’ in STS research to care ‘in here’. We follow threads spun by and out from the group to rethink our own academic care practices and how to do the academy otherwise.

Local Norms for Gifted and Talented Student Identification: Everything You Need to Know

Conversations over who should be identified as gifted continue perpetually both within the field and in the popular media. In this article, we focus on the use of local norms as one approach to gifted identification that can increase the equity of advanced educational programs and services while also better achieving their stated purpose of providing additional challenge to those students who need it. In this article, we define local norms, explain their purpose, provide examples of schools that have used local norms, discuss common challenges, and provide a tutorial and external resources on how schools can begin to use local norms as part of their gifted identification process.

A NEW APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF THE LIST OF SYSTEM-FORMING ORGANIZATIONS

At emergence of crisis conditions rendering state support to the organizations, which products or services are important for functioning of national economy or a single region in the current period and in terms of strategic development, assumes formation of the list of the systemically important organizations. Different techniques of formation of such lists, the indistinct and extremely simplified criteria and estimated indicators ignoring branch specifics are used at the level of both country, and certain regions, therefore the formed lists do not answer the stated purpose – identification of the organizations, significant for the economic system. At present, the problem remains unresolved in theoretical and applied aspects. For its decision the author offers a new approach to the formation of the list of the systemically important organizations – proceeding from conditionality of inclusion of the organization in the list by the importance of this organization for this system measured by a contribution of the organization to multicriteria assessment of the system’s condition. The basis of the offered approach is the consideration of the economic system as a structure, the development of which is aimed at improving its inherent system parameters.

The Consequences of Ambiguity: Designing and Implementing the ESSN

The stated purpose of the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN) was to contribute to meeting the basic needs of the most vulnerable refugees in Turkey. In the context of this book’s argument, we ask whether it achieved this goal but also whether and to what extent it contributed to extending elements of market citizenship to forced migrants. We conclude that while the ESSN’s CT program made a limited contribution to meeting basic needs and empowering displaced persons as consumers, other elements of market citizenship, or even “denizenship,” are lacking. With regard to its explicit targets, the effectiveness of ESSN was limited by the ambiguities of its design, linked to the different priorities of the agencies involved, which exclude some vulnerable persons from the program. More broadly, very limited access to the formal labor market remained an obstacle to fuller market citizenship.