FRAME STRUCTURES IN COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC ORGANIZATION OF NARRATIVE

Author(s):  
S.V. Gusarenko ◽  
◽  
M.K. Gusarenko ◽  
Author(s):  
Тамара Валентиновна Рожкова

В статье проведен анализ глаголов, обозначающих различные медицинские процессы, действия и состояния, выявлена степень их терминологичности путем определения их соответствия требованиям, предъявляемым к терминам. Материалом исследования послужили словари и монографии медицинской направленности. Объект исследования - англоязычные глагольные единицы, обозначающие специальные медицинские действия или состояния. Дефиниционный, когнитивный, семантический, словообразовательный, этимологический и сравнительный методы анализа позволили всесторонне описать исследуемые глаголы как языковые единицы, способные к терминологическому функционированию. В настоящей работе на основании семантических, формальных и прагматических требований, предъявляемых к терминам, был проведен анализ специфики глагольных единиц как единиц языка для специальных целей. Исследование показало, что глагольные единицы, обозначающие специальные медицинские процессы, действия и состояния, в полной мере отвечают требованиям терминологичности и реализуют их в медицинском научном тексте. В медицинском дискурсе глаголы проявляют специфические особенности семантической организации обозначаемых ими понятий. Глаголы способны реализовывать терминологическое значение как самостоятельно, так и в сочетании с термином-существительным или прилагательным. Терминологизируясь, глаголы приобретают точное, конкретизированное значение. Некоторые специальные медицинские глаголы могут быть использованы в роли эвфемизмов. Глаголы в роли терминов, подобно терминам-существительным, способны вступать в системные отношения (полисемия, синонимия), образуются при помощи тех же словообразовательных способов, что и термины-существительные, образуются при помощи греко-латинских терминоэлементов, категориально и концептуально связаны с соответствующими терминами-существительными. Глаголы в медицинском дискурсе отражают динамические научные концепты, являются средством сохранения и передачи профессиональной информации. На основе проведенного исследования можно констатировать, что глаголы, функционирующие в медицинском дискурсе, обладают большой степенью терминологичности. Они отвечают классическим требованиям, предъявляемым к терминам. Глаголы также отвечают параметрам, накладываемым современным когнитивным терминоведением. The article analyses English verbs denoting various medical processes, actions and states, reveals their termhood by studying the way they meet requirements for terms. The materials of the study were medical dictionaries and monographs. The verbs denoting medical processes, actions and states became the objects of the investigation. The employed methods of definitional, cognitive, semantic, derivational, etymological, and comparative analyses allowed us to describe the verbs as language units capable of functioning as terms. In the present article the verbs are studied as the elements of the language for special purposes according to the semantic, formal and pragmatic requirements for the terms. The verbs denoting medical processes, actions and states completely meet these requirements and demonstrate them in medical tests. In the medical discourse the verbs manifest the peculiarities of semantic organization of the notions they denote. The verbs can show terminological meaning independently or in a combination with noun or adjective terms. Becoming terms, verbs obtain exact and specificated meaning. Some verbs with medical meaning can be used as euphemisms. Functioning as terms, verbs can enter into systemic relations (like polysemy, synonymy), they are formed by the same word-building methods as noun terms, they are formed from Greek and Latin term elements, the categories and concepts they represent are connected with the ones of corresponding noun terms. Verbs in medical discourse reflect dynamic scientific concepts and are the means to preserve and transfer professional data. The performed analysis demonstrates that the verbs functioning in the medical discourse can be considered as terms. They meet the requirements for terms as well as the requirements of modern cognitive branch of terminology science.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-99
Author(s):  
Eleonora Sasso

This paper takes as its starting point the conceptual metaphor ‘life is a journey’ as defined by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) in order to advance a new reading of William Michael Rossetti's Democratic Sonnets (1907). These political verses may be defined as cognitive-semantic poems, which attest to the centrality of travel in the creation of literary and artistic meaning. Rossetti's Democratic Sonnets is not only a political manifesto against tyranny and oppression, promoting the struggle for liberalism and democracy as embodied by historical figures such as Napoleon, Mazzini, Cavour, and Garibaldi; but it also reproduces Rossetti's real and imagined journeys throughout Europe in the late nineteenth century. This essay examines these references in light of the issues they raise, especially the poet as a traveller and the journey metaphor in poetry. But its central purpose is to re-read Democratic Sonnets as a cognitive map of Rossetti's mental picture of France and Italy. A cognitive map, first theorised by Edward Tolman in the 1940s, is a very personal representation of the environment that we all experience, serving to navigate unfamiliar territory, give direction, and recall information. In terms of cognitive linguistics, Rossetti is a figure whose path is determined by French and Italian landmarks (Paris, the island of St. Helena, the Alps, the Venice Lagoon, Mount Vesuvius, and so forth), which function as reference points for orientation and are tied to the historical events of the Italian Risorgimento. Through his sonnets, Rossetti attempts to build into his work the kind of poetic revolution and sense of history which may only be achieved through encounters with other cultures.


2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Lingxin Zhang ◽  
◽  
Baijie Zhu ◽  
Yunqin Xue ◽  
Jialu Ma ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 136943322098663
Author(s):  
Yi-Qun Tang ◽  
Wen-Feng Chen ◽  
Yao-Peng Liu ◽  
Siu-Lai Chan

Conventional co-rotational formulations for geometrically nonlinear analysis are based on the assumption that the finite element is only subjected to nodal loads and as a result, they are not accurate for the elements under distributed member loads. The magnitude and direction of member loads are treated as constant in the global coordinate system, but they are essentially varying in the local coordinate system for the element undergoing a large rigid body rotation, leading to the change of nodal moments at element ends. Thus, there is a need to improve the co-rotational formulations to allow for the effect. This paper proposes a new consistent co-rotational formulation for both Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko two-dimensional beam-column elements subjected to distributed member loads. It is found that the equivalent nodal moments are affected by the element geometric change and consequently contribute to a part of geometric stiffness matrix. From this study, the results of both eigenvalue buckling and second-order direct analyses will be significantly improved. Several examples are used to verify the proposed formulation with comparison of the traditional method, which demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method in buckling analysis of frame structures under distributed member loads using a single element per member.


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