Biz birgemiz, or Revisiting the Diversification of Russian Language in Kazakhstan

The criteria for pluricentric languages, generalized by the Working Group on NonDominant Varieties of Pluricentric Languages (WGNDV), as well as our earlier condition of tightness, opacity, incomprehensibility of Kazakh Russian were used to discuss the possibility of its gradual formation. Two main conclusions were made: a) the Russian language of the post-Soviet space currently meets the criteria for pluricentric languages; b) the Russian language in Kazakhstan is going through rapid and noticeable diversification processes. The arguments of Kazakhstani linguists who assert (B.Kh. Khasanov, E.A. Zhuravleva, D.D. Shaibakova, etc.) or deny (Z.K. Sabitova, A.K. Kazkenova, etc.) the qualifications of the Russian language as variant in Kazakhstan - a country of long-term and massive Kazakh-Russian bilingualism. Generations of Russian speakers (monolinguals - ethnic Russians, Koreans, Ukrainians and others and bilinguals - Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Uighurs and others) with a dominant Russian or a dominant ethnic language - are involved in the processes of Soviet Russification and modern Kazakhization with different effects. Nowadays the diversification of the Russian language in Kazakhstan is taking place against the background of a fundamental change in the status and functional state of the Kazakh and Russian languages; reducing the number of native Russian speakers; fundamental changes in Kazakh-Russian bilingualism, reflected in the crisis of the linguistic identity of a part of Kazakhstanis, in a linguistic shift towards the Russian language (Koreans, part of Kazakhs, Ukrainians, small ethnic groups, etc.) and a turn of the linguistic shift of Kazakhs; strengthening the position of the Kazakh language in business, culture, education, mass media, interethnic communication; the changed vector of influence of languages (Kazakh Russian) and the openness of the Russian language for oral and written borrowings, especially in media texts; finally, new communication needs of Kazakhstanis. The long-term linguistic and cultural borderland, which forms the internalized conceptual-mental picture of the world inherent in Kazakhstanis, has become a fundamental factor stimulating the diversification processes of the Russian language in Kazakhstan.

Introducing a sensemaking perspective to the service experience

PurposeMost recent service experience research considers customers as sensemakers and sensemaking as a focal process in experience construction. Despite this, the sensemaking theory engendered in organization studies has not been applied in the quest for an in-depth understanding of the service experience. This study introduces a sensemaking perspective to the service experience and develops a conceptualization of how customers construct their experiences cognitively through sensemaking.Design/methodology/approachThe service experience literature is dominated by a focus on firms implementing service experiences for customers. This study, in contrast, investigates service experience and its formation from the customers' viewpoint: how service experiences are formed as a part of customers' everyday life and sensemaking processes instead of under service providers' control.FindingsService experience is characterized as a mental picture – a collage of meanings created by a customer through the sensemaking processes. A sensemaking framework that characterizes service experience formation and its four seminal dimensions, including the self-related, sociomaterial, retrospective and prospective sensemaking, is introduced.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the service literature by introducing a new theoretical lens through which the service experience concept can be investigated and reframed.

A Review of the Bohr’s Model of Hydrogen Atom

In this paper, the classical Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom has been revisited. Two values of fundamental physical properties of an electron in the hydrogen atom has been identified. These physical properties ( & ) are constant in nature. The aim for the review was to contribute to the solution of disagreement between the Bohr’s wavelength ( ) and the Balmer’s experimental observation ( ) for the emission spectrum of hydrogen atom. There are two other constants and that were identified in the Bohr’s equation of the hydrogen atom. The four fundamental physical constants are intrinsic properties of an electron and can be applied to multi-electron system. They can also be obtained from Schrodinger’s equation for hydrogen atom at steady state. These constants may be subjected to scrutiny for their determination for better understanding. Also, since Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom is based on classical mechanics, this paper has provided an alternate method of solving simple problems in atomic physics under Bohr’s model to aid good mental picture of hydrogen atom to scientists.

Ego sentio, ergō sum!

The article offered to your attention is, in substance, a series of conceptually connected excerpts from authorial treatise on the psychological background of pre-cognitive brain activism and some little-known hidden features of the functioning of the higher nervous system. Well and besides, a couple of chapters are devoted here to the innate physiological asymmetry of the hemispheres, and also to the denial of the relevance of true free will to humans. But in general, by and large, in his scientific views the author tries to adhere to the idea of the subjective reality of emotions and the relative illusory nature of sensations. In its spirit, this position is most likely close to Lenin’s than to the earlier - the German classical one (the founder is H. von Helmholtz). The latter, we recall, exactly one and a half centuries ago, developed own theory of perception, whereby subjective images do not resemble the objective qualities of perceived things, but are just their abstract signs (characters). That is, any momentary perception was determined, according to Helmholtz, by the "habitual means" already formed in a given individual, due to which the constancy of the visible world is preserved. While in this article the link between an object and a corresponding mental picture - vice versa - is rather considered as a relation of homomorphism between two non-equinumerous sets. However, to say that such homomorphic images of the same object can, in principle, exist an infinite number - this, perhaps, would be the easiest here. That’s why the author is willy-nilly forced sometimes to turn in the mind's eye to the hierarchical evolution of natural systems (starting from the primary monads) in the context of the progressive development of their psyche. And as far as the actuality around us is concerned, then final correct answer about the sought-for type of the mapping would, obviously, first of all depend here on the spatiotemporal parameters of the Universe and the comprehensive set of quantum characteristics of 5 (at least) stable elementary particles that have lied at the origins of being.

AXIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF RUSSIAN PROVERBS: ON THE ISSUE OF FORMATION OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL COMPETENCE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

Настоящая статья посвящена вопросу использования пословицы, уточнению ее роли в обучении русскому языку как иностранному. В работе применяется аксиологический подход к изучению афористического жанра. Знакомство с пословицей как средоточием ценностных, эстетических ориентиров способствует развитию коммуникативных навыков, формирует представление о русской культуре, ее своеобразии, народных традициях и обычаях, особенностях русского характера. Поэтически закрепляя ментальную картину народной культуры, обнаруживая аналоги в языках разных народов, пословица неизменно привлекает внимание ученых-филологов. Актуальность исследования определяется ценностно ориентированным аспектом изучения народных афоризмов в структуре уроков русского языка как иностранного, соответствующим гуманизирующей роли современного образовательного процесса. В статье рассматриваются пословицы о языке как одной из основополагающих составляющих ценностного мира и особенно интересные всем любителям словесности. Народные изречения расширяют словарный запас обучающихся, сочетают лексические единицы различной стилевой принадлежности, закрепляют необходимость бережного отношения к слову, укрепляют мотивацию к освоению языка. Включение пословиц в уроки русского языка как иностранного является базовым элементом формирования лингвокультурологической компетенции обучающихся. Знание пословичных выражений, умение уместно употреблять их в различных контекстах свидетельствует о высокой степени коммуникативной активности студента-иностранца, делает его речь более естественной и образной. This article is devoted to the issue of using the proverb, clarifying its role in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The work employs an axiological approach to the study of the aphoristic genre. The proverb as a focus of value and aesthetic orientations contributes to the development of communication skills, forms an idea of Russian culture, its originality, folk traditions and customs, and the peculiarities of the Russian character. Poetically fixing the mental picture of folk culture, revealing the analogs in the languages of different peoples, the proverb invariably attracts the attention of philologists. The relevance of the research is determined by the value-oriented aspects of the study of folk aphorisms in the structure of RFL lessons, which correspond to the humanizing role of the modern educational process. The article deals with proverbs about language as one of the fundamental components of the value world and is especially interesting for all lovers of literature. Folk sayings expand the vocabulary of students, combine lexical units of various styles, reinforce the need for careful attitude to the word, strengthen the motivation of learning the language. The inclusion of proverbs in the lessons of the RFL is a basic element of the formation of linguistic and cultural competence of students. Knowledge of proverbial expressions, the ability to use them appropriately in various contexts indicates a high degree of communicative activity of a foreign student, makes his speech more natural and imaginative.

Pengaruh Socio-cultural Influences dan Self-Compassion terhadap Apresiasi Tubuh Wanita: Social Appearance Comparison sebagai Mediator

Self-image in general is an important part of humans. Having an ideal body shape according to the perceptions and norms that develop in society is usually a standard condition to be considered to be attractive. Self-image view is closely related to body image; mental picture of a person, cognitive and emotional assessments of himself, and approximately other people's judgments about the shape and size of his body. A positive body image is a multifaceted construct that is not simple so that it is not only a target of self-criticism but also an attitude of respect and self-acceptance which is called body appreciation. The purpose of this study was to find out the role of sociocultural influences and self-compassion on individual body appreciation and the presumption of the role of social appearance comparison variables as mediators between self-compassion and body appreciation. Participant were individuals aged 20-40 years consisting of 84 women. This research was conducted using multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis, self-compassion contributed 21.7% to body appreciation and the proof of social appearance comparison mediated partially the relationship between self-compassion and body appreciation.

The Basis of Robert Bridges’ Metaphoric System in his Late Lyrics

The author’s metaphorical system is an important feature of an individu-al style. The metaphor studies provide information of peculiarities of the au-thor’sconcepts sphere or his mental picture of the world. The article considers the metaphorical system features in the late lyrics of Robert Bridges, the poet-laureate, a prominent representative of the English poetry of the late 19th –ear-ly 20th centuries. The article focuses on the most frequent concept-targets and concept-sources, namely those phenomena that have attracted the writer’s greatest attention and, to his mind, need to be rethought and concepts that are more intuitively clear in the author’s opinion.As a result of the metaphor analys of the poems by Robert Bridges, the information about the peculiarities of the author’s concepts sphere realized in his late lyrics has been received and the frequency core among the concept-sources and concept-targets has been identified and described. On the basis of the obtained data, the article has compared the peculiarities of the metaphoric interpretation in R. Bridges’ late and early lyrics, identified similar features and differences, as well as made conclusions about changes in the author’s mental picture of the world.

The interrelationship between confidence and correctness in a multiple-choice assessment: pointing out misconceptions and assuring valuable questions

Introduction The aim of this study was to better understand the interfaces of being correct or incorrect and confident or unconfident; aiming to point out misconceptions and assure valuable questions. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of second-year dental students (n = 29) attending a preclinical endodontics course. Students answered 20 multiple-choice questions (“basic” or “moderate” level) on endodontics, all of which were followed by one confidence question (scale). Our two research questions were: (1) How was the students’ performance, considering correctness, misconceptions, and level of confidence? (2) Were the questions valuable, appropriate and friendly, and which ones led to misconceptions? Four situations arouse from the interrelationship between question correctness and confidence level: (1st) correct and confident, (2nd) correct and unconfident, (3rd) incorrect and confident (misconception) and (4th) incorrect and unconfident. Statistical analysis (α = 5%) considered the interaction between (a) students’ performance with misconceptions and confidence; (b) question’s difficulty with correctness and confidence; and (c) misconceptions with clinical and negative questions. Results Students had 92.5% of correctness and 84.6% of confidence level. Nine students were responsible for the 12 misconceptions. Students who had more misconceptions had lower correctness (P < 0.001). High achieving students had low confidence in their incorrect responses (P = 0.047). ‘Moderate’ questions had more incorrectness (P < 0.05) and less confidence (P = 0.02) than ‘basic’. All questions were considered valuable [for example, the ones that presented images or required a mental picture of a clinical scenario, since they induced less misconception (P = 0.007)]. There was no difference in misconceptions between negative questions and other questions (P = 0.96). Conclusion Preclinical endodontic students were highly correct and very confident in their responses. Students who had more misconceptions had also the lowest performance in the assessment. Questions were valuable; but some will worth further improvement for the future. A multiple-choice assessment, when combined with confidence questions, provided helpful information regarding misconceptions and questions value.

The Body Image Profile of Student of Universitas Negeri Padang in Terms of Their Admission

The most basic human needs are physiological needs. Human physical appearance, as a part of physiological needs, is considered as an essential part of people's lives. That essential part determines the formation of body image (self-image) in the community. Body image is a mental picture of the state of the human body. That is how people give values of the size and shape of their bodies or others' opinions about them. This study aims to describe the body image of students in terms of their admission. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of descriptive research. The sampling technique used Simple Random Sampling on 161 students of Universitas Negeri Padang. Data collection techniques through questionnaires with descriptive analysis. The research findings show that a picture of the body image condition of UNP students on average is in the medium category with the reliability of 0.824.

Mythologeme of the Road in Armenian Media Texts

The spiritual dimensions of the road accompanied a person not only in the pre-Gutenberg (oral communication) but also in the post-Gutenberg era. Its mythological manifestations are still relevant today, when communication dominates the Internet space. The research topic is conditioned by this topic. The article presents a mythological image of a road, a number of components of which are woven into the structural and semantical layers of modern media texts. The purpose of the article is to highlight important aspects of this phenomenon based on an analysis of the cultural and political texts of modern Armenian media. In the process of research, we used content and discourse analyses. About thirty publications were selected from different websitesin which through discourse analysis, the substantive features of the mythologeme of the road in Armenian media texts were revealed.His formulation of the problem presupposed the initial presentation of a number of general attributes of the road mythologeme (sacred structure, the road as a “meeting place” of space and time, the presence of horizontal and vertical planes in mythological ideas about the road, the soul’s journey into the inner consciousness and into the world of one’s own “I” , etc. on the basis of which the analysis of cultural and political publications on Armenian websites was made. The research topic is promising, since in its interdisciplinary context it can suggest new ideas not only to media researchers but also to specialists in cultural studies, philosophy, and psychology.In publications on cultural themes, the mythologeme is expensive and enriches the dynamic picture of Armenian cultural life contributing through its spatial-temporal perspective and the author’s inner “I” to the national self-knowledge of the audience. In political publications, where “the road of Thought” is paramount, the culture of internal polemics, the search for the continuation of the key points of the mental road play an important role. The author’s word is transmitted to the reader with the division of time at certain intervals. Thanks to these important criteria, the spiritual and mental picture of the road asserts its distinctive presence in the Armenian media space. Keywords: road, Armenian, media discourse, media text, mythologeme, cultural, political publications