scholarly journals TERMHOOD OF VERBS IN ENGLISH MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Тамара Валентиновна Рожкова
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Semantic Organization ◽  
Medical Tests ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
Latin Term ◽  
Building Methods

В статье проведен анализ глаголов, обозначающих различные медицинские процессы, действия и состояния, выявлена степень их терминологичности путем определения их соответствия требованиям, предъявляемым к терминам. Материалом исследования послужили словари и монографии медицинской направленности. Объект исследования - англоязычные глагольные единицы, обозначающие специальные медицинские действия или состояния. Дефиниционный, когнитивный, семантический, словообразовательный, этимологический и сравнительный методы анализа позволили всесторонне описать исследуемые глаголы как языковые единицы, способные к терминологическому функционированию. В настоящей работе на основании семантических, формальных и прагматических требований, предъявляемых к терминам, был проведен анализ специфики глагольных единиц как единиц языка для специальных целей. Исследование показало, что глагольные единицы, обозначающие специальные медицинские процессы, действия и состояния, в полной мере отвечают требованиям терминологичности и реализуют их в медицинском научном тексте. В медицинском дискурсе глаголы проявляют специфические особенности семантической организации обозначаемых ими понятий. Глаголы способны реализовывать терминологическое значение как самостоятельно, так и в сочетании с термином-существительным или прилагательным. Терминологизируясь, глаголы приобретают точное, конкретизированное значение. Некоторые специальные медицинские глаголы могут быть использованы в роли эвфемизмов. Глаголы в роли терминов, подобно терминам-существительным, способны вступать в системные отношения (полисемия, синонимия), образуются при помощи тех же словообразовательных способов, что и термины-существительные, образуются при помощи греко-латинских терминоэлементов, категориально и концептуально связаны с соответствующими терминами-существительными. Глаголы в медицинском дискурсе отражают динамические научные концепты, являются средством сохранения и передачи профессиональной информации. На основе проведенного исследования можно констатировать, что глаголы, функционирующие в медицинском дискурсе, обладают большой степенью терминологичности. Они отвечают классическим требованиям, предъявляемым к терминам. Глаголы также отвечают параметрам, накладываемым современным когнитивным терминоведением. The article analyses English verbs denoting various medical processes, actions and states, reveals their termhood by studying the way they meet requirements for terms. The materials of the study were medical dictionaries and monographs. The verbs denoting medical processes, actions and states became the objects of the investigation. The employed methods of definitional, cognitive, semantic, derivational, etymological, and comparative analyses allowed us to describe the verbs as language units capable of functioning as terms. In the present article the verbs are studied as the elements of the language for special purposes according to the semantic, formal and pragmatic requirements for the terms. The verbs denoting medical processes, actions and states completely meet these requirements and demonstrate them in medical tests. In the medical discourse the verbs manifest the peculiarities of semantic organization of the notions they denote. The verbs can show terminological meaning independently or in a combination with noun or adjective terms. Becoming terms, verbs obtain exact and specificated meaning. Some verbs with medical meaning can be used as euphemisms. Functioning as terms, verbs can enter into systemic relations (like polysemy, synonymy), they are formed by the same word-building methods as noun terms, they are formed from Greek and Latin term elements, the categories and concepts they represent are connected with the ones of corresponding noun terms. Verbs in medical discourse reflect dynamic scientific concepts and are the means to preserve and transfer professional data. The performed analysis demonstrates that the verbs functioning in the medical discourse can be considered as terms. They meet the requirements for terms as well as the requirements of modern cognitive branch of terminology science.

scholarly journals I Disturbi Alimentari Nella Narrativa Femminile Italiana Dall'unità al Miracolo Economico: Eating Disorders in Italian Women's Writings From Unification to the Economic Boom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Francesca Calamita
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Italian Women Writers ◽  
Italian Women

<p>In the feminist discourse about women’s relationship with food developed in the 1970s and 1980s, eating disorders are perceived as a complex reaction to traditional models of female identity. In the writings of Kim Chernin, Marilyn Lawrence, Morag MacSween and Susie Orbach, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating and other atypical relationships with food and body emerge as an unidiomatic language adopted by women to communicate what words cannot express. Paradoxically, eating disorders become instruments of selfempowerment: on the one hand, unconventional eaters develop abnormal attitudes towards their bodies, but on the other hand, by employing such metaphorical language, they find a way to question the social constrictions and cultural contradictions of women’s position in patriarchal culture. Italian women writers have portrayed openly anorexic, bulimic and compulsive eaters in the characters of their novels and autobiographies since the late 1980s. From Clara Sereni’s pioneering Casalinghitudine (1987) to Michela Marzano’s controversial Volevo essere una farfalla (2011), the fictional depiction of eating disorders in Italian literature has increased epidemically in the last few decades, mirroring the rapid spread of these syndromes. However, as I suggest in my thesis, since the late nineteenth century, when anorexia was officially diagnosed by the medical discourse, Italian women writers such as Neera (1848-1918), Sibilla Aleramo (1876-1960), Wanda Bontà (1902-1986), Paola Masino (1908-1989), Natalia Ginzburg (1916-1991) and others have presented in their fiction a variety of female characters who experience a troubled relationship with their body and with food. In each case, this is coupled with the portrayal of the rebellious feelings that the characters experience towards women’s preestablished social roles. In Neera’s Teresa (1886) and L’indomani (1889), in Aleramo’s Una donna (1906), in Bontà’s Signorinette (1938), Masino’s Nascita e morte della massaia (1945) and in Ginzburg’s “La madre” (1948) and Le voci della sera (1961), as well as other narrative works, the authors do not use the medical terminology of eating disorders in order to illustrate their protagonists’ eating problems, but they often depict behaviours which recall anorexic and bulimic attitudes, as described by the scientific discourse on these pathologies. The anorexic symptoms displayed by the characters become therefore their unspoken protest against the socio-cultural constrictions imposed on Italian women. Employing an interdisciplinary approach, I frame my analysis of modern and contemporary Italian women’s fiction within the feminist perspectives on anorexia, bulimia and binge eating developed in the 1970s and 1980s. By doing so, I attempt to decode a controversial female experience and the language Italian women writers used to express it before it became officially acknowledged as a pathology that reflects women’s anxiety about their identity. Long before feminist scholars identified the strong link between social context and eating disorders in the closing decades of the twentieth century, these writers depict women using the languages of food and the body as one of the possible means of rebelling against patriarchal repression.</p>

scholarly journals I Disturbi Alimentari Nella Narrativa Femminile Italiana Dall'unità al Miracolo Economico: Eating Disorders in Italian Women's Writings From Unification to the Economic Boom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Francesca Calamita
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Women Writers ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Italian Women Writers ◽  
Italian Women

<p>In the feminist discourse about women’s relationship with food developed in the 1970s and 1980s, eating disorders are perceived as a complex reaction to traditional models of female identity. In the writings of Kim Chernin, Marilyn Lawrence, Morag MacSween and Susie Orbach, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating and other atypical relationships with food and body emerge as an unidiomatic language adopted by women to communicate what words cannot express. Paradoxically, eating disorders become instruments of selfempowerment: on the one hand, unconventional eaters develop abnormal attitudes towards their bodies, but on the other hand, by employing such metaphorical language, they find a way to question the social constrictions and cultural contradictions of women’s position in patriarchal culture. Italian women writers have portrayed openly anorexic, bulimic and compulsive eaters in the characters of their novels and autobiographies since the late 1980s. From Clara Sereni’s pioneering Casalinghitudine (1987) to Michela Marzano’s controversial Volevo essere una farfalla (2011), the fictional depiction of eating disorders in Italian literature has increased epidemically in the last few decades, mirroring the rapid spread of these syndromes. However, as I suggest in my thesis, since the late nineteenth century, when anorexia was officially diagnosed by the medical discourse, Italian women writers such as Neera (1848-1918), Sibilla Aleramo (1876-1960), Wanda Bontà (1902-1986), Paola Masino (1908-1989), Natalia Ginzburg (1916-1991) and others have presented in their fiction a variety of female characters who experience a troubled relationship with their body and with food. In each case, this is coupled with the portrayal of the rebellious feelings that the characters experience towards women’s preestablished social roles. In Neera’s Teresa (1886) and L’indomani (1889), in Aleramo’s Una donna (1906), in Bontà’s Signorinette (1938), Masino’s Nascita e morte della massaia (1945) and in Ginzburg’s “La madre” (1948) and Le voci della sera (1961), as well as other narrative works, the authors do not use the medical terminology of eating disorders in order to illustrate their protagonists’ eating problems, but they often depict behaviours which recall anorexic and bulimic attitudes, as described by the scientific discourse on these pathologies. The anorexic symptoms displayed by the characters become therefore their unspoken protest against the socio-cultural constrictions imposed on Italian women. Employing an interdisciplinary approach, I frame my analysis of modern and contemporary Italian women’s fiction within the feminist perspectives on anorexia, bulimia and binge eating developed in the 1970s and 1980s. By doing so, I attempt to decode a controversial female experience and the language Italian women writers used to express it before it became officially acknowledged as a pathology that reflects women’s anxiety about their identity. Long before feminist scholars identified the strong link between social context and eating disorders in the closing decades of the twentieth century, these writers depict women using the languages of food and the body as one of the possible means of rebelling against patriarchal repression.</p>

What Is Fake News: A New Definition

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Simina-Maria Terian
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hybrid View ◽  
Truth Value

Fake news is one of the most debated social phenomena of recent years. It has been the subject not only of several attempts at defining it, but also of numerous comparative analyses of prevalent definitions. Nonetheless, the present article fosters the ambition of offering a new definition. The innovation of my definition stems from the fact that it departs from the dominant “hybrid view” on fake news, which considers the defining traits of the phenomenon to be its truth value (i.e., its falseness) and the intention of its author (i.e., to mislead its public). Opposing this view, the present article argues that the producer’s intent is irrelevant in regard to classifying news as fake news. On the contrary, the defining trait of fake news is, alongside the falsehood of its content, the discourse’s perlocutionary force, which invariably entails a call to action addressed to the text’s recipient.

scholarly journals GOOD ADMINISTRATION: THE PRINCIPLE OF TRANSPARENCY AND ITS USE BY THE INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SOCIETY

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wellington Migliari ◽  
Juli Ponce Solé
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
International Community ◽  
Local Response ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
National Borders

The principle of transparency is one of the cornerstones in governance debate. It orients more creditable practices for the making of public policies and draws citizens’ attention to the combat of corruption. In addition, less opaque relations in public-private businesses may strengthen the confidence of investors and tend to deconstruct asymmetric relations in long-running scenarios. Nonetheless, it is important to bring to the fore in that debate the birth of a transversal rationality that has forged civil society in the international community beyond the national borders. More and more, civil actors on social media networks organise debates and opinions from local platforms to elaborate worldwide topics. The aim of the present article is to suggest transparency as a local response born inside States and conceived by the civil society to confront abuses of global economic powers. Comparative analyses on constitutions and domestic legislations related to transparency usually show how asymmetric can be the perception of private investments and public sectors; the former mostly seen as virtuous and the latter vicious.

scholarly journals The difference between Sand and Pozzolana

1913 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Densmore Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Building Methods

In spite of the amount which recent publications have added to our knowledge of Roman building methods and materials, there is still some inaccuracy to be noted in the use of terms due very often to a misconception of the chemical constituents of the materials in question. In the present article will be discussed the confusion which still exists between the words sand and pozzolana. In Daremberg and Saglio, s.v. arena, Guillaume states that in the composition of hydraulic cements, “le sable fossile, noir, blanc ou rouge preféré par Vitruve, est probablement la pouzzolane.” In the recent articles by Miss Van Deman on Roman construction, one finds frequently the term pozzolana-arena, and the statement is made that “mortar is composed of pozzolana, which is called by Vitruvius arena fossicia, and lime.” In the new translation of Vitruvius, by J. Prestel, while the word pulvis is correctly translated in the text as “eine staubartige Erdmasse,” in the notes pulvis is translated as “sandreiche Erde.” Moreover, further on in the text, this same pulvis is described as a kind of sand, “Sandart.” Finally may be mentioned the reference in Delbrück's Hellenistische Bauten in Latium where it is stated that in the construction of opus caementicium, the Romans employed a “sharp volcanic sand.” This I shall hope to show to be a contradiction of terms, as “sharp” sand has nothing to do with volcanic activity.

scholarly journals Formality as a Style-Forming Property of Academic English: Synchronic Analysis of Medical Research Texts

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Anna Stebletsova ◽  
Irina Torubarova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Lexical Diversity ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Lexical Density ◽  
High Level

The paper discusses academic formality as a basic linguistic and stylistic property which indicates academic discourse. The objective of the research is to identify specific features and means of formality representation in medical discourse. The material of the research includes a corpus comprised of fifteen authentic open – access research articles published in European Journal of Epidemiology in 2019. The texts of the articles were processed within the framework of descriptive linguistic analysis. The quantitative analysis and statistic processing was performed with Compleat Lexical Tutor v.8.3. The results of the research have revealed lexical, syntactical, grammatical and stylistic means of formality representation in medical research texts. The lexical diversity coefficient ranges from 0.22 to 2.27, which demonstrates a high level of vocabulary complexity and a relatively low level of vocabulary diversity. The high level of lexical density is acquired by a frequent use of noun groups, nominalization and medical terminology including abbreviations and acronyms. Stylistic repetitions of vocabulary and syntactic structures are registered on all texts of the research corpus. Along with a widespread use of passive and impersonal structures the texts of the research have demonstrated a tendency to use subjective language (we / our pronouns) for an author stance. The authors have made a conclusion that this might be an indication of a shift towards simplicity and ersonification in academic formality representation.

Bridging the gap: Toward a cognitive semantic analysis of the Lithuanian superlexical prefix be-

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Korostenskienė
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Perspective ◽  
Syntactic Approach ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe present article explores the Lithuanian aspectual prefix be- from a cognitive perspective while building on the generative syntactic approach to be- as a superlexical prefix. The prefix be- is peculiar in that, while being able to stack on lower, the so-called lexical, prefixes, it is used to form a number of constructions, most notably those with continuative, prospective, or modality readings. In addition, it forms two separable compound prefixes, the continuative tebe- and discontinuative nebe-. Building on previous cognitive examinations of the English progressive and Slavic prefixation and incorporating the Ontological Semantic inventory of modalities, the prefix is approached in light of the Figure/ Ground distinction as well as the notion of epistemicity. The article focuses on the relationship holding between the prefix and modality-shaded meanings.

scholarly journals LA ELABORACIÓN DE LOS CONCEPTOS CIENTÍFICOS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Vélez U
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Scientific Concepts

One of the Lines of research of the interinstitutional Doctorat on Education ofSciences, coordinated by the Universidad Pedagogica Nacional, is titled “Elaborationof the scientific Concepts” The present article tries to explain, justify and delimitatethe field of action of the Line. The article is divided in two parts. In the first one, wegive an example of what we understand about such Elaboration. In the second one,we establish the theorical frame of the Lines.

scholarly journals A PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO DA IMAGEM MASCULINA DA FAMÍLIA BURGUESA EM “OS FIOS DAS MISSANGAS”

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Luís Ferando Marozo
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Latin Term ◽  
Traditional Image

A literatura pode contribuir tanto para ampliar a noção social quanto para atender as necessidades simbólicas das pessoas. Sob esse viés, o livro de contos “Os fios das missangas”, do moçambicano Mia Couto, surge como o terreno no qual as reflexões sobre família e sexualidade germinam. O termo família, do latim famulus, designa o servidor, o criado. Do mundo antigo centrado no pater onde faziam parte esposa, filhos, patrimônios, animais e servidores, à família burguesa composta por marido, esposa e filhos, este núcleo social sempre vinculou deveres, funções e interditos. Cada membro tem além de um “papel social”, também uma determinada “imagem” de pai, de mãe ou de filho, que corresponde a uma expectativa de comportamento emocional e sexual. Neste sentido, o presente artigo problematiza a imagem tradicional do pai, do filho e do amante a partir dos contos “As três irmãs”, “O fio e as missangas” e “Peixe para Eulália” e apresenta novas formas de simbolizar o desejo e o sentimento amoroso.Palavras-chave: Mia Couto. Fio das Missangas. Família. Desejo.ABSTRACTLiterature can contribute both to broaden the social notion, as well as, to meet people symbolic needs. The book of short stories, “Os fios da missanga”, by the Mozambican Mia Couto emerges as the ground in which reflections on family and sexuality germinate. The latin term famulus designates the server, the servant. From the ancient world centered on the pater formed by the wife, children, assets, animals and servants to the bourgeois family composed by husband, wife and children, this social nucleus has Always been associated to duties, functions and interdicts. Each member has not only a “social role”, but also a certain father, mother or child ‘image’; which corresponds to an expectation of emotional and sexual behavior. In this sense, the present article from the short stories “As três irmãs”, “O fio e as missangas” e “Peixe para Eulália”, problematizes the traditional image of the father, of the son and of the lover, presenting new ways of symbolizing the desire and the loving feeling.Keywords: Mia Couto. Fio das Missangas. Family. Desire.

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