scholarly journals Nearly Zero Energy Standard for Non-Residential Buildings with High Energy Demands—An Empirical Case Study Using the State Related Properties of Bavaria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keltsch ◽  
Werner Lang ◽  
Thomas Auer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
New Buildings

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 calls for the Nearly Zero Energy Standard for new buildings from 2021 onwards: Buildings using “almost no energy” are powered by renewable sources or energy produced by the building itself. For residential buildings, this ambitious new standard has already been reached. But for other building types this goal is still far away. The potential of these buildings to meet a Nearly Zero Energy Standard was investigated by analyzing ten case studies representing non-residential buildings with different uses. The analysis shows that the primary characteristics common to critical building types are a dense building context with a very high degree of technical installation (such as hospital, research and laboratory buildings). The large primary energy demand of these types of buildings cannot be compensated by building and property-related energy generation including off-site renewables. If the future Nearly Zero Energy Standard were to be defined with lower requirements because of this, the state related properties of Bavaria suggest that the real potential energy savings available in at least 85% of all new buildings would be insufficiently exploited. Therefore, it would be useful to instead individualize the legal energy verification process for new buildings to distinguish critical building types such as laboratories and hospitals.

scholarly journals Nearly Zero Energy Standard for Non-Residential Buildings with High Energy Demands—An Empirical Case Study Using the State Related Properties of Bavaria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Keltsch ◽  
Werner Lang ◽  
Thomas Auer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
New Buildings

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 calls for the Nearly Zero Energy Standard for new buildings from 2021 onwards: Buildings using “almost no energy” are powered by renewable sources or energy produced by the building itself. For residential buildings, this ambitious new standard has already been reached. But for other building types this goal is still far away. The potential of these buildings to meet a Nearly Zero Energy Standard was investigated by analyzing ten case studies representing non-residential buildings with different uses. The analysis shows that the primary characteristics common to critical building types are a dense building context with a very high degree of technical installation (such as hospital, research and laboratory buildings). The large primary energy demand of these types of buildings cannot be compensated by building and property-related energy generation including off-site renewables. If the future Nearly Zero Energy Standard were to be defined with lower requirements because of this, the state related properties of Bavaria suggest that the real potential energy savings available in at least 85% of all new buildings would be insufficiently exploited. Therefore, it would be useful to instead individualize the legal energy verification process for new buildings to distinguish critical building types such as laboratories and hospitals.

Architectural Elements with Respect to the Energy Performance of Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Ingeli ◽  
Katarína Minarovičová ◽  
Miroslav Čekon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Building Operation

Buildings account for 40% of the primary energy use and 24%of the generation of green house gases worldwide. Therefore, a reduction of the specific energy demand of buildings and increased use of renewable energy are important measures of climate change mitigation. On the 18th of May 2010 a recast of the EPBD was approved which further clarifies the intention that buildings shall have a low energy demand. The recast of the EPBD specifies that by the end of 2020 all new buildings shall be “nearly zero-energy buildings”. A nearly zero-energy building is defined as a building with a very high energy performance and very simple shape. The current focusing on the energy efficiency of the building operation may lead to uniform cuboid architecture with heavy insulated building envelopes. The paper deals with the influence of energy concept on architectural elements (and their properties as shape, material, colour, texture etc.)

Energy Performance of SOFC Cogeneration System for Residential Buildings in Chinese Cold Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Xin Zhi Gong ◽  
Yasunori Akashi ◽  
Daisuke Sumiyoshi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Beijing City ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Cogeneration System

Primary energy reduction and energy efficiency improvement are important targets to be achieved in every society and in residential buildings in particular. An energy-efficient and low-emissions solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cogeneration system is a promising electric and thermal energy generation technology for implementation in future residential buildings. This paper aims to analyze the energy performance in terms of primary energy demand and its reduction rate when SOFC cogeneration system is used in residential buildings. This study outlines SOFC cogeneration system and its simulation method, and then develops a standard family model for simulation under cold weather condition in China and selected Beijing city as an example, and finally compares them with traditional power and heat generation system based on gas and electricity. The results show that SOFC cogeneration system is an energy-efficient alternative power and thermal energy cogeneration technology for cold climatic cities such as Beijing, and can offer a large reduction rate (about 15.8% in winter) of primary energy demand in residential buildings. This study also finds that the significant reductions in primary energy demand of SOFC system result for the periods with air temperature decreasing.

scholarly journals Ambition Levels of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) Definitions: An Approach for Cross-Country Comparison

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Garcia ◽  
Lukas Kranzl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Since buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption and 36% of CO2 emissions in the European Union (EU), the directive 2010/31/EU “Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPDB)” among other legal provisions concerning the reduction of energy consumption of buildings has been enforced. According to this legislation, all new buildings must be nearly zero energy buildings “nZEB” by 31 December 2020 (public buildings by 31 December 2018). Nonetheless, the assessment of the “high energy performance” of a building is ambiguous and a cross country comparison seems to be intricate since different national building codes and nZEB definitions employ different energy indicators and methods. This paper delves into the question of how do the ambition levels of “nZEB” definitions and the transposition of the Directive 2010/31/EU into national law differ in four selected EU Countries: Austria, Germany, Spain, and England (as part of UK). The energy performance of some exemplary buildings is assessed by means of a simplified MATLAB model that is based on the norm DIN V-18599. The results drawn from this work show how diverse are building codes scopes and national “nZEB” definitions. Only 9 of the 36 studied cases of residential buildings obtain consistently the “nZEB” compliance status in all four selected countries. The results show that climate conditions, energy requirements, primary energy factors, ambition levels, and calculation methodologies lead to the problem of an uneven cross-country comparison. Moreover, primary energy consumption [kWh/m2a] set as the main quantitative energy indicator by the directive 2010/31/EU might not be the most suitable one for an EU level comparison.

scholarly journals Transformation of an Office Building into a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB): Implications for Thermal and Visual Comfort and Energy Performance

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ballarini ◽  
Giovanna De Luca ◽  
Argun Paragamyan ◽  
Anna Pellegrino ◽  
Vincenzo Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Efficiency Measures

Directive 2010/31/EU promotes the refurbishment of existing buildings to change them into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs). Within this framework, it is of crucial importance to guarantee the best trade-off between energy performance and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The implications of a global refurbishment scenario on thermal and visual comfort are assessed in this paper pertaining to an existing office building. The retrofit actions applied to achieve the nZEB target consist of a combination of envelope and technical building systems refurbishment measures, involving both HVAC and lighting. Energy and comfort calculations were carried out through dynamic simulation using Energy Plus and DIVA, for the thermal and visual performance assessments, respectively. The results point out that energy retrofit actions on the building envelope would lead to significant improvements in the thermal performance, regarding both energy savings (−37% of the annual primary energy for heating) and thermal comfort. However, a daylighting reduction would occur with a consequent higher electricity demand for lighting (36%). The research presents a detailed approach applicable to further analyses aimed at optimizing the energy efficiency measures in order to reduce the imbalance between visual and thermal comfort and to ensure the best performance in both domains.

scholarly journals The possibility of achievement of the nZEB state of a refurbished detached house powered solely by renewable energy sources in Southern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Jacek Biskupski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Pv Generator

This paper gives a thorough description of the two different scenarios of retrofit of an existing detached country house (with high primary energy demand) to a net zero energy building (nZEB) or near zero energy (nearZEB) by using energy form on-site RES. Using a designed piece of modelling software author pointed out two possible solutions. First one, based on a bio boiler and small on-site PV generator (on-grid) and the other based on large PV generator and three heat pumps. A 24 months test was performed in order to find out the output of both scenarios. In first period, the bio boiler delivered energy for space heating and DHW, while energy from PV was used to cover all electricity needs of the household during the 12 months testing period. In the later, the energy received from 10 kWp PV of was partly used to cover the current needs of the entire household (switchable on/off-grid system), and surplus was stored in the national electricity grid and regained later in the winter for the space heating (by a GSHP) and ventilation (ASHP) and DHW (dedicated ASHP). In both cases the system proofed the possibility to achieve the nZEB (nearZEB in first scenario) state of the household, as all (in the first near all) energy needs were covered by renewable energy produced on-site.

scholarly journals Accelerating Energy Renovation Solution for Zero Energy Buildings and Neighbourhoods—The Experience of the RenoZEB Project

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Vavallo ◽  
Marco Arnesano ◽  
Gian Marco Revel ◽  
Asier Mediavilla ◽  
Ane Ferreiro Sistiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
European Level ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
A Value ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
New Buildings

Buildings are the key factor to transform cities and to contribute to recent European energy efficiency objectives for 2030 and long-term 2050. New buildings account to only 1–2% annually. Yet, ninety percent of the existing building stock in Europe was built before 1990, it is therefore necessary to promote their energy renovation to achieve the set objectives. Renovation solutions are available on the market, yet a wrong implementation and integration due to a lack of knowledge neither maximizes the energy performance of the post-retrofitting nor the financial optimisation and viability of the projects. This paper presents research on a plug & play, modular, easy installable façade and ICT decision making technologies to provide affordable solutions in order to overcome those deep renovation barriers. The paper sets out by defining a value framework that can be applied by real estate investors for making better retrofitting decisions for residential buildings, through mapping targeted building typologies and investigating new building revalorisation strategies, new renovation concepts and KPIs for evaluation. Thereafter the paper presents the modular and easy-to-install façade system that is replicable and scalable at European level.

scholarly journals Towards Nearly-Zero Energy in Heritage Residential Buildings Retrofitting in Hot, Dry Climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13934
Author(s):  
Hanan S. S. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Z. Khan ◽  
Yehya Serag ◽  
Shady Attia
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Dry Climates

Retrofitting “nearly-zero energy” heritage buildings has always been controversial, due to the usual association of the “nearly-zero energy” target with high energy performance and the utilization of renewable energy sources in highly regarded cultural values of heritage buildings. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of turning heritage building stock into a “nearly-zero energy” in hot, dry climates, which has been addressed in only a few studies. Therefore, a four-phase integrated energy retrofitting methodology was proposed and applied to a sample of heritage residential building stock in Egypt along with microscale analysis on buildings. Three reference buildings were selected, representing the most dominant building typologies. The study combines field measurements and observations with energy simulations. In addition, simulation models were created and calibrated based on monitored data in the reference buildings. The results show that the application of hybrid passive and active non-energy generating scenarios significantly impacts energy use in the reference buildings, e.g., where 66.4% of annual electricity use can be saved. Moreover, the application of solar energy sources approximately covers the energy demand in the reference buildings, e.g., where an annual self-consumption of electricity up to 78% and surplus electricity up to 20.4% can be achieved by using photo-voltaic modules. Furthermore, annual natural gas of up to 66.8% can be saved by using two unglazed solar collectors. Lastly, achieving “nearly-zero energy” was possible for the presented case study area. The originality of this work lies in developing and applying an informed retrofitting (nearly-zero energy) guide to be used as a benchmark energy model for buildings that belong to an important historical era. The findings contribute to fill a gap in existing studies of integrating renewable energy sources to achieve “nearly-zero energy” in heritage buildings in hot climates.

scholarly journals Influence of Thermal Retrofitting on Annual Energy Demand for Heating in Multi-Family Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Życzyńska ◽  
Zbigniew Suchorab ◽  
Dariusz Majerek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Energy Factors ◽  
Heat Meters

The paper presented the analysis of heat consumption for heating in multi-family residential buildings before and after thermal retrofitting. The analysis involved four groups of buildings, i.e., 43 buildings in total, located in various localities, belonging to one weather station. The predicted level of energy savings resulting from thermal retrofitting was achieved from the energy audits. The actual heat consumption, following the calculation into so-called external standard conditions, was obtained based on the readouts from heat-meters. For each building, the values of heat consumption over the periods of 6–10 years were read. The performance measurements involved the periods before, during, and after thermal retrofitting. The following statistical tests were used for data analysis: Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney, Shapiro–Wilk, Bartlett, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn and Holm post-hoc. The performed analyses showed that the mean value of energy savings predicted by audits reached 38.5% when the real mean value of savings, achieved from heat-meters, equaled 30.3%. The annual energy demand factors for heating were calculated for final energy and non-renewable primary energy factors. It was established that most of the analyzed objects fulfilled the primary energy factor requirements found in the Polish technical and construction regulations, which were valid at the time of investment.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ENERGY DEMAND FOR LOW-ENERGY MULTI-DWELLING BUILDINGS OF DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION / SKIRTINGOS KONFIGŪRACIJOS MAŽAENERGIŲ DAUGIABUČIŲ PASTATŲ ENERGIJOS POREIKIŲ TYRIMAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrė Streckienė ◽  
Elena Polonis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Family House

To meet the goals established by Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on the energy performance of buildings, the topics of energy efficiency in new and old buildings must be solved. Research and development of new energy solutions and technology are necessary for increasing energy performance of buildings. Three low-energy multi-dwelling buildings have been modelled and analyzed in the presented study. All multi-dwelling houses are made of similar single-family house cells. However, multi-dwelling buildings are of different geometry, flat number and height. DesignBuilder software was used for simulating and determining heating, cooling and electricity demand for buildings. Three different materials (silicate, ceramic and clay concrete blocks) as bearing constructions of external walls have been analyzed. To decrease cooling demand for buildings, the possibility of mounting internal or external louvers has been considered. Primary energy savings for multi-dwelling buildings using passive solar measures have been determined. Norint pasiekti Europos Sąjungos direktyvos 2010/31/EB tikslus dėl pastatų energinio naudingumo, reikia spręsti energijos efektyvumo klausimus naujų ir esamų pastatų srityje. Naujų energinių sprendinių ir technologijų tyrimai bei plėtra būtini norint padidinti pastatų energinį naudingumą. Šiame tyrime modeliuojami ir analizuojami trys mažaenergiai daugiabučiai pastatai. Visi jie sudaryti iš vienodo dydžio butų, tačiau pastatai tarpusavyje skiriasi geometrija, butų skaičiumi ir aukštingumu. Siekiant nustatyti ir išnagrinėti pastatų šilumos, vėsos ir elektros energijos poreikius, naudotasi DesignBuilder programa. Visų daugiabučių pastatų atvejais nagrinėjamos trys skirtingos išorės sienų laikančiųjų konstrukcijų medžiagos: silikatiniai, keraminiai ir keramzitbetonio blokeliai. Siekiant sumažinti vėsos poreikį pastatuose taip pat buvo analizuojama galimybė sumontuoti vidines arba išorines žaliuzes. Nustatyti sutaupytieji pirminės energijos kiekiai daugiabučių pastatų atvejams taikant pasyviąsias apsaugos nuo saulės priemones.

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