scholarly journals Slag Formation During Reduction of Iron Oxide Using Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masab Naseri Seftejani ◽  
Johannes Schenk ◽  
Daniel Spreitzer ◽  
Michael Andreas Zarl
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Slag Formation ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Continuous Feeding

Replacing carbon by hydrogen is a huge step towards reducing CO2 emissions in the iron- and steel-making industry. The reduction of iron oxides using hydrogen plasma smelting reduction as an alternative to conventional steel-making routes has been studied at Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Austria. The aim of this work was to study the slag formation during the reduction process and the reduction behaviour of iron oxides. Furthermore, the reduction behaviour of iron ore during continuous feeding was assessed. Mixtures of iron ore and calcined lime with a basicity of 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.3, and 2.9 were melted and reduced by hydrogen. The off-gas composition was measured during the operations to calculate the process parameters. The reduction parameters, namely the degree of reduction, degree of hydrogen utilisation, produced iron, and slag, are presented. The results of the batch-charged experiments showed that at the beginning of the reduction process, the degree of hydrogen utilisation was high, and then, it decreased over the operation time. In contrast, during the continuous-feeding experiment, the degree of hydrogen utilisation could be kept approximately constant. The highest degrees of reduction and hydrogen utilisation were obtained upon the application of a slag with a basicity of 2.3. The experiment showed that upon the continuous feeding of iron ore, the best conditions for the reduction process using hydrogen could be applied.

scholarly journals Slag Formation during Reduction of Iron Oxide Using Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masab Naseri Seftejani ◽  
Johannes Schenk ◽  
Daniel Spreitzer ◽  
Michael Andreas Zarl
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Slag Formation ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Steel Making ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Continuous Feeding

Replacing carbon by hydrogen is a huge step towards reducing CO2 emissions in the iron- and steel-making industry. The reduction of iron oxides using hydrogen plasma smelting reduction as an alternative to conventional steel-making routes has been studied at Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Austria. The aim of this work was to study the slag formation during the reduction process and the reduction behaviour of iron oxides. Furthermore the reduction behaviour of iron ore during continuous feeding was assessed. Mixtures of iron ore and calcined lime with a basicity of 0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.3, and 2.9 were melted and reduced by hydrogen. The off-gas composition was measured during the operations to calculate the process parameters. The reduction parameters, namely the degree of reduction, degree of hydrogen utilisation, produced iron, and slag, are presented. The results of the batch-charged experiments showed that at the beginning of the reduction process, the degree of hydrogen utilisation was high, and then, it decreased over the operation time. In contrast, during the continuous-feeding experiment, the degree of hydrogen utilisation could be kept approximately constant. The highest degrees of reduction and hydrogen utilisation were obtained upon the application of a slag with a basicity of 2.3. The experiment showed that upon the continuous feeding of iron ore, the best conditions for the reduction process using hydrogen could be applied.

scholarly journals Physics and Chemistry of Solid State Direct Reduction of Iron Ore by Hydrogen Plasma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Kali Charan Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
State Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron

Presently, Iron is produced from iron ores by using carbon from coal. The production process is consisting of many stages. The involvement of multi-stages needs high capital investments, large-scale equipments, and produces large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) responsible for environmental pollution. There have been significant efforts to replace carbon with hydrogen (H2). Although H2 is the strongest reductant, it still also has thermodynamic and kinetic limitations. However, these thermodynamic and kinetic limitations could be removed by hydrogen plasma (HP). HP comprises rovibrationally excited molecular, atomic, and ionic states of hydrogen. All of them contribute to thermodynamic advantage by making the Gibbs standard free energy more negative, which makes the reduction of iron oxides feasible at low temperatures. Apart from the thermodynamic advantage, these excited species increase the internal energy of HP, which reduces the activation energy, thereby making the reduction easier and faster. Apart from the thermodynamic and kinetic advantage of HP, the byproduct of the reaction is environmentally benign water. This review discusses the physics and chemistry of iron ore reduction using HP, emphasizing the solid-state reduction of iron ore. HP reduction of iron ore is a high potential and attractive reduction process.

scholarly journals Reduction of Haematite Using Hydrogen Thermal Plasma

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masab Naseri Seftejani ◽  
Johannes Schenk ◽  
Michael Andreas Zarl
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Degree Of Reduction ◽  
Reduction Behaviour ◽  
Hydrogen Utilization

The development of hydrogen plasma smelting reduction as a CO2 emission-free steel-making process is a promising approach. This study presents a concept of the reduction of haematite using hydrogen thermal plasma. A laboratory scale and pilot scale hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HPSR) process are introduced. To assess the reduction behaviour of haematite, a series of experiments have been conducted and the main parameters of the reduction behaviour, namely the degree of hydrogen utilization, degree of reduction and the reduction rate are discussed. The thermodynamic aspect of the hematite reduction is considered, and the pertinent calculations were carried out using FactSageTM 7.2. The degree of hydrogen utilization and the degree of reduction were calculated using the off-gas chemical composition. The contribution of carbon, introduced from the graphite electrode, ignition pin and steel crucible, to the reduction reactions was studied. The degree of reduction of haematite, regarding H2O, CO and CO2 as the gaseous reduction products, was determined. It is shown that the degree of hydrogen utilization and the reduction rate were high at the beginning of the experiments, then decreased during the reduction process owing to the diminishing of iron oxide. Conducting experiments with the high basicity of slag B2 = 2 led to a decrease of the phosphorus concentration in the produced iron.

Sustainable steel through hydrogen plasma reduction of iron ore: process, kinetics, microstructure, chemistry

2021 ◽  
pp. 116971
Author(s):  
I.R.Souza Filho ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
M. Kulse ◽  
D. Ponge ◽  
B. Gault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Process Kinetics ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Plasma Reduction

Smelting reduction of iron ore

1989 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 120-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Barin ◽  
Michael Lemperle ◽  
Michael Modigell
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Iron

scholarly journals Fate of titanium in alkaline electro-reduction of sintered titanomagnetite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Bjareborn ◽  
Tanzeel Arif ◽  
B Monaghan ◽  
Christopher Bumby
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Front ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Iron Metal ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Iron Titanate ◽  
Commercial Iron ◽  
Ti Content ◽  
Preferential Alignment

Direct electrochemical reduction of iron ore in concentrated NaOH electrolyte has been proposed as a potential route to substantially reducing the global steel industry’s CO2 emissions. Here, we report the solid-state electro-reduction of sintered pellets formed from titanomagnetite ironsand. This commercial iron ore contains ∼4 wt.% Ti which is directly incorporated within the magnetite lattice. At 110 °C, these pellets are electrochemically reduced and exhibit a well-defined reaction front which moves into the pellet as the reaction progresses. The electro-reduction process selectively produces iron metal, whilst the Ti content is not reduced. Instead, Ti becomes enriched in segregated oxide inclusions, which are subsequently transformed to a sodium iron titanate phase through taking up Na+ from the electrolyte. These inclusions adopt an elongated shape and appear to exhibit locally preferential alignment. This suggests that they may nucleate from the microscopic titanohematite lamellae which naturally occur within the original ironsand particles. The expulsion of contaminant Ti-oxides from the final reduced metal matrix has implications for the potential to development of an industrial electrochemical iron-making process utilising titanomagnetite ore. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

scholarly journals Raceway Smelting Reduction Process with Fine Iron Ore Injection from Blast Furnace Tuyeres

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentarou NOZAWA ◽  
Koichiro SHIBATA ◽  
Masakata SHIMIZU ◽  
Heinrich Wilhelm GUDENAU
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Smelting Reduction ◽  
Fine Iron
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