scholarly journals Serological Test is an Efficient Supplement for Detecting RNA to Confirm SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-Shao Xia ◽  
Gui-Qiang Wang ◽  
Wen-Feng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Low Sensitivity

To date, viral RNA detection is almost the only way to confirm SARS-CoV-2infectionin practice.However, variousreasons can cause low sensitivity for RNA detection, and thisposes aserious challenge to disease control. We tested the performance of detecting total antibody(Ab) and IgM levels in serum by the methods of chemiluminescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and colloidal golddetection. The datashowed that the sensitivity and specificity for detecting total Ab and IgM levels were high by all three methods, and the sensitivity was higher for detecting total Ab than for detecting IgM. Evidence from studieshas shown thatviral RNA testingcombinedwith serological testing could increase the diagnostic sensitivity while maintaining a high specificity. Specific serology testsfor SARS-CoV-2 havegreat value for clinical practice and public health.

scholarly journals Serological Test is an Efficient Supplement of RNA Detection for Confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-Shao Xia ◽  
Gui-Qiang Wang ◽  
Wen-Feng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Until now, viral RNA detection is almost the only way to confirm the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in practice. But varied reasons lead to the low sensitivity by RNA detection, which proposes serious challenge to disease control. We tested the performance of detecting total antibody(Ab) and IgM antibody in serum by the methods of chemiluminescence, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA), and colloidal gold. Data showed that the sensitivity and specificity for total Ab and IgM detection were high by all the three methods, and compared with IgM, the sensitivity was higher for total Ab detection. Evidence from studies showed viral RNA testing combining with serological testing could increase the sensitivity of diagnosis, while remaining the high specificity. Specific serolody test for SARS-CoV-2 has great value for clinical practice and public health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Recombinant Proteins of Burkholderia mallei for Serodiagnosis of Glanders

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijai Pal ◽  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Malik ◽  
Ganga Prasad Rai
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Burkholderia Mallei ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Elisa Format ◽  
Low Sensitivity

ABSTRACTGlanders is a contagious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacillusBurkholderia mallei. The number of equine glanders outbreaks has increased steadily during the last decade. The disease must be reported to the Office International des Epizooties, Paris, France. Glanders serodiagnosis is hampered by the considerable number of false positives and negatives of the internationally prescribed tests. The major problem leading to the low sensitivity and specificity of the complement fixation test (CFT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been linked to the test antigens currently used, i.e., crude preparations of whole cells. False-positive results obtained from other diagnostic tests utilizing crude antigens lead to financial losses to animal owners, and false-negative results can turn a risk into a possible threat. In this study, we report on the identification of diagnostic targets using bioinformatics tools for serodiagnosis of glanders. The identified gene sequences were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins. The purified recombinant proteins ofB. malleiwere used in an indirect ELISA format for serodiagnosis of glanders. Two recombinant proteins, 0375H and 0375TH, exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity for glanders diagnosis. The proteins also did not cross-react with sera from patients with the closely related disease melioidosis. The results of this investigation highlight the potential of recombinant 0375H and 0375TH proteins in specific and sensitive diagnosis of glanders.

Is Endoscopic Assessment of the Esophagus and Stomach Enough to Determine the Need for Biopsy at These Sites in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Endoscopy for Elevated TTG?

2021 ◽  
pp. 109352662199148
Author(s):  
M. Cristina Pacheco ◽  
Nicole Green ◽  
Jane Dickerson ◽  
Dale Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Endoscopic Assessment

Objectives The goal of our study was to determine whether visual assessment of the esophagus and stomach could predict abnormal histology and determine the frequency of interventions based on biopsies in patients undergoing endoscopy for elevated tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A antibody (TTG). Methods Pathology records were searched for patients with biopsy performed for elevated TTG. Pathology report, endoscopy report, and follow-up were obtained and slides from the duodenum reviewed. Pathology was considered gold standard for sensitivity and specificity calculations. Results 240 patients were included. 215 patients had esophageal biopsies performed. Esophageal endoscopic visual assessment had sensitivity of 47% and specificity of 93% for abnormal histology. 16(7%) patients had therapy or referral related to results and, of these, 6(38%) had visually normal endoscopy. 237 biopsies were performed of stomach. Gastric endoscopic visual assessment had a sensitivity and specificity of 20% and 87%. 24(10%) patients had therapy based on findings and, of these, 12 (50%) had visually normal endoscopy. Conclusions Endoscopic assessment of esophagus and stomach has low sensitivity and high specificity for pathologic abnormalities when indication for endoscopy is elevated TTG. When endoscopy is visually normal clinical interventions based on biopsy are rare, and foregoing biopsy may be considered.

scholarly journals Performance of an ELISA and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay in Serological Diagnosis of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Marzieh Ashrafmansouri ◽  
GholamReza Hatam ◽  
Parvaneh Habibi ◽  
Samaneh Abdolahi Khabisi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent

Serological assays have been extensively evaluated for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and considered as a routine method for diagnosis of VL while these methods are not properly evaluated for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study aimed to assess the performance of indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Sixty-one sera samples from parasitologically confirmed CL patients and 50 sera from healthy controls along with 50 sera from non-CL patients were collected. Antigen was prepared from promastigotes and amastigotes ofLeishmania major. IFA was used to detect anti-LeishmaniaIgG while ELISA was used to detect anti-LeishmaniaIgM, total IgG, or IgG subclasses (IgG1 and 4). ELISA, for detection of total IgG and IgM, showed sensitivity of 83.6% and 84.7% and specificity of 62.7% and 54.6%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for detecting IgG1 and IgG4 were 64%, 75% and 85%, 49%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of IFA were 91.6% and 81%.Conclusion. Findings of this study demonstrated that serological test, especially IFA, can be used for proper diagnosis of CL.

scholarly journals Use of a Rapid Test for Diagnosis of Dengue during Suspected Dengue Outbreaks in Resource-Limited Regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 2090-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Hunsperger ◽  
Tyler M. Sharp ◽  
Paul Lalita ◽  
Kini Tikomaidraubuta ◽  
Yolanda Rebello Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Nonstructural Protein 1 ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks

Dengue is major public health problem, globally. Timely verification of suspected dengue outbreaks allows for public health response, leading to the initiation of appropriate clinical care. Because the clinical presentation of dengue is nonspecific, dengue diagnosis would benefit from a sensitive rapid diagnostic test (RDT). We evaluated the diagnostic performance of an RDT that detects dengue virus (DENV) nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and anti-DENV IgM during suspected acute febrile illness (AFI) outbreaks in four countries. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and anti-DENV IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to verify RDT results. Anti-DENV IgM RDT sensitivity and specificity ranged from 55.3 to 91.7% and 85.3 to 98.5%, respectively, and NS1 sensitivity and specificity ranged from 49.7 to 92.9% and 22.2 to 89.0%, respectively. Sensitivity varied by timing of specimen collection and DENV serotype. Combined test results moderately improved the sensitivity. The use of RDTs identified dengue as the cause of AFI outbreaks where reference diagnostic testing was limited or unavailable.

scholarly journals Role of endoscopy in suspicion of atrophic gastritis with and without intestinal metaplasia in comparison to histopathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
H Ibrahim ◽  
A Shams El-Deen ◽  
ZA Kasemy ◽  
M Saad ◽  
AA Sakr
Keyword(s):  
Atrophic Gastritis ◽  
Intestinal Metaplasia ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Background and study aims : Atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are established premalignant gastric lesions. Many studies documented a poor correlation between esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and histopathological (HP) findings of precancerous gastric lesions. The aim was to bridge the gap between endoscopy and HP in detection of chronic gastritis, AG and IM. Patients and methods : a prospective single-center study involved 150 patients with endoscopic criteria of gastric lesions with upper gastrointestinal symptoms referred for upper GI endoscopy met the endoscopic criteria and classified according to HP of biopsies from targeted gastric lesions into chronic gastritis (GI), AG(GII) or IM(GIII). We correlated the endoscopic criteria of the 3 groups with the HP results. Results : (73males & 75 females) with ages ranged17-75 years and mean± SD was 41.96 ± 15.95. GI, GII &GIII were [42 patients (28%),82 patients (54.7%) and 26 patients (17.3%)], respectively. Diffuse gastric mottling was more common in GI (74.3%, P<0.001), visible submucosal vessels, gastric atrophy predominated in GII (75.6, 82.3 & 73.1% (P 0.005,0.4 & <0.01)), respectively. Whitish raised lesions were more specific in GIII (85.7%) (P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic suspicion of chronic gastritis were (86&88% in GI), (87&85% in GII) and (54% &100% in GIII) (p-0.001). The logistic regression model for risk factors was χ2= 25.74 and 49.32, p < 0.001. Conclusion : Conventional endoscopy has high sensitivity and specificity for suspicion of chronic gastritis and AG, but low sensitivity and very high specificity for IM. Targeted biopsies may be valuable with image enhanced techniques.

scholarly journals Frequency of serum anti-cysticercus antibodies in the population of a rural Brazilian community (Cássia dos Coqueiros, SP) determined by ELISA and immunoblotting using Taenia crassiceps antigens

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia M. BRAGAZZA ◽  
Adelaide J. VAZ ◽  
Afonso D.C. PASSOS ◽  
Osvaldo M. TAKAYANAGUI ◽  
Paulo M. NAKAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Taenia Crassiceps ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
The Impact

Considering the impact of cysticercosis on public health, especially the neurologic form of the disease, neurocysticercosis (NC), we studied the frequency of positivity of anti-Taenia solium cysticercus antibodies in serum samples from 1,863 inhabitants of Cássia dos Coqueiros, SP, a municipal district located 80 km from Ribeirão Preto, an area considered endemic for cysticercosis. The 1,863 samples were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an antigenic extract from Taenia crassiceps vesicular fluid (Tcra). The reactive and inconclusive ELISA samples were tested by immunoblotting. Of the 459 samples submitted to immunoblotting, 40 were strongly immunoreactive to the immunodominant 18 and 14 kD peptides. Considering the use of immunoblotting as confirmatory due to its high specificity, the anti-cysticercus serum prevalence in this population was 2.1%.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and specificity of loss of heterozygosity analysis for the classification of rare germline variants in BRCA1/2: results of the observational AGO-TR1 study (NCT02222883)

2020 ◽  
pp. jmedgenet-2020-107353
Author(s):  
Jan Hauke ◽  
Philipp Harter ◽  
Corinna Ernst ◽  
Alexander Burges ◽  
Sandra Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loss Of Heterozygosity ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Germline Variants ◽  
Variants Of Unknown Significance ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Variant-specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses may be useful to classify BRCA1/2 germline variants of unknown significance (VUS). The sensitivity and specificity of this approach, however, remains unknown. We performed comparative next-generation sequencing analyses of the BRCA1/2 genes using blood-derived and tumour-derived DNA of 488 patients with ovarian cancer enrolled in the observational AGO-TR1 trial (NCT02222883). Overall, 94 pathogenic, 90 benign and 24 VUS were identified in the germline. A significantly increased variant fraction (VF) of a germline variant in the tumour indicates loss of the wild-type allele; a decreased VF indicates loss of the variant allele. We demonstrate that significantly increased VFs predict pathogenicity with high sensitivity (0.84, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.91), poor specificity (0.63, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.73) and poor positive predictive value (PPV; 0.71, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.79). Significantly decreased VFs predict benignity with low sensitivity (0.26, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.35), high specificity (1.0, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00) and PPV (1.0, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.00). Variant classification based on significantly increased VFs results in an unacceptable proportion of false-positive results. A significantly decreased VF in the tumour may be exploited as a reliable predictor for benignity, with no false-negative result observed. When applying the latter approach, VUS identified in four patients can now be considered benign. Trial registration numberNCT02222883.

scholarly journals Investigating Performance of cVEMP and oVEMP in the Identification of Superior Canal Dehiscence in Relation to Dehiscence Location and Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-462
Author(s):  
Maxime Maheu ◽  
Ahlem Elblidi ◽  
Issam Saliba
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Superior Canal Dehiscence ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Canal Dehiscence

Compare the sensitivity and specificity of cVEMP (500 Hz), oVEMP (500 Hz and 4 kHz) in the identification of SSCD. A secondary objective was to identify the influence of dehiscence size and location on cVEMP and oVEMP responses. Methods: Individuals with unilateral (n = 16) and bilateral (n = 10) scan confirmed SSCD were assessed using air-conducted cVEMP and oVEMP Results: For cVEMP, an amplitude cutoff of 286.9 μV or a threshold cutoff of 67.5 dBnHL revealed, respectively, a sensitivity of 75% and 70.6% and a specificity of 69.4% and 100%. For oVEMP (500 Hz), an amplitude cutoff of 10.8 μV or a threshold cutoff of 77.5 dBnHL revealed a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 87.5% and 80%, respectively. oVEMP (4 kHz), an amplitude cutoff of 3.1 μV, revealed a high specificity of 100% but a low sensitivity of 47.2%. A positive correlation was noted between the length of the SSCD and the cVEMP and oVEMP (500 Hz) thresholds and cVEMP amplitude. Conclusions: Our results support the use of oVEMP in the identification of SSCD. The presence of oVEMP (500 Hz) with an amplitude higher or equal to 10.8 μV, a threshold lower or equal to 77.5 dBnHL or oVEMP (4 kHz) amplitude of 3.1 μV represents the most useful to identify SSCD.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Enzyme Immunoassay/Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Leonid Tarassishin
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Low Sensitivity

50 years ago the Enzyme Immunoassay Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, mostly known as ELISA was developed. This is a powerful but simple method that is very widely used in the diagnostic practice, as well as in biomedical research. During this time a number of ELISA modification were developed that significantly increased its properties, especially the senstivity, such as avidin-biotin assay, immuno-PCR, nano-ELISA and finally, the digital ELISA. This short review describes the principles of ELISA and the evolution from a conventional assay to the modern ultra-sensitive method. Most of the immunological methods have two components: antigen and antibody. The high specificity of their interaction gives a possibility to detect one of them if other one is included in the reaction as a specific partner. The simplest method for antigen detection in the presence of the antibody is immune diffusion (radial immune diffusion in that case), which practically the formation of precipitate of the “antigen-antibody” complex, when the target antigen diffuses from well into agarose containing the specific antibody. Unfortunately, this assay, as well as other traditional methods, like hemagglutination or complement fixation, have a low sensitivity and are unwieldy.

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