Predictive Simulation of Concurrent Debris Flow: How Slope Failure Locations Affect Predicted Damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Yamanoi ◽  
Satoru Oishi ◽  
Kenji Kawaike ◽  
Hajime Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Debris Flow ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Predictive Simulation ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Case Simulation ◽  
Failure Location ◽  
Downstream Area ◽  
Debris Flow Initiation

Predictive simulation of concurrent debris flow using only pre-disaster information has proven to be difficult as a result of problems in predicting the location of debris-flow initiation (i.e., slope failure). However, because catchment topography has concave characteristics, with all channels in a catchment joining each other as they flow downstream, it is possible to predict damage to downstream area using relatively inaccurate initiation points. Based on this, this paper presents methodologies employing debris-flow initiation points generated randomly using statistical slope failure prediction. A many-case simulation across numerous initiation points was performed to quantify the effect of slope-failure location in terms of deviations in the predicted water level and terrain deformation. It was found that the relative standard deviation diminished as the points approached the downstream area, indicating a location-based predictability effect.

scholarly journals Change Detection and Feature Extraction of Debris-Flow Initiation by Rock-Slope Failure Using Point Cloud Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaoying He ◽  
Zeqing Yu ◽  
John M. Kemeny ◽  
Ann Youberg ◽  
Yunkun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Rock Slope ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Processing ◽  
Point Cloud Processing ◽  
Debris Flow Initiation

Our understanding of debris-flow initiation by slope failure is restricted by the challenge of acquiring accurate geomorphic features of debris flows and the structural setting of the rock mass in the remote mountainous terrain. Point cloud data of debris flows in Sabino Canyon, Tucson, Arizona, July 2006, with initiation by joint-controlled rock slope were obtained using multitemporal LiDAR scanning. Topographic changes were detected by comparing historical LiDAR scanning data of this area since 2005 by adopting open-source CloudCompare software. The results showed persistent scour and erosion in the debris flows after 2006. Point cloud data of joint-controlled rock in the initiation zone were generated by the means of photogrammetry using Pix4D software. The joint planes, the dip direction and the dip value of the joint plane, the joint spacing, and the joint roughness were therefore acquired by point cloud processing. Our study contributes a foundation for analyzing the relationship between the rock features, the generation of slope failure, and the initiation of debris flows.

scholarly journals The effect of flood on slope stability along downstream riverbank of MuaraBangkahulu River, Bengkulu City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
L Z Mase ◽  
K Amri ◽  
M Frisky ◽  
P W Anggraini ◽  
M N Fikri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Water Level ◽  
River Water ◽  
Critical Condition ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Maximum Discharge ◽  
Downstream Area

Abstract The flood which occurred due to the rainfall intensity in Bengkulu City of Indonesia could inundate the downstream area of MuaraBangkahulu River, especially TanjungAgung Sub-District. In 2019, a huge flood had occurred in Bengkulu City and triggered the environmental effect to riverbank in TanjungAgung. This environmental effect is a massive slope failure on downstream riverbank in TanjungAgung. This study is therefore conducted to analyze the slope stability in the area during the normal and the critical conditions. A slope stability analysis using finite element method is performed. First, the maximum discharge of MuaraBangkahulu River is estimated. Furthermore, slope stability analyses are conducted by considering the normal condition and the increase of river water level due to the maximum discharge (the critical condition). Mapping of factor of safety for riverbank slope and soil deformation is conducted. The results showed that slope along downstream riverbank of MuaraBangkahulu could undergo slope failure under both normal and critical condition. The results also showed that the factor of safety decreases due to the increase of river water level. The results of this study could be used by local government to consider slope countermeasure in the study area

An Automated Procedure for the Determination of Ammonia in Tobacco

1972 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F. Collins ◽  
W.W. Lawrence ◽  
J.F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Tobacco Sample ◽  
Automated Determination

AbstractA procedure for the automated determination of ammonia in tobacco has been developed. Ammonia is extracted from the ground tobacco sample with water and is determined with a Technicon Auto Analyser system which employs separation of the ammonia through volatilization followed by colourimetry using the phenate-hypochlorite reaction. The procedure has been applied to a variety of tobaccos containing from 0.02 to 0.5 % ammonia with an overall relative standard deviation of 2 %. The accuracy of the procedure as judged by recovery tests and by comparison to a manual distillation method is considered adequate

How Certain Are the Reported Ionic Conductivities of Thiophosphate-Based Solid Electrolytes? an Interlaboratory Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneyuki Ohno ◽  
Tim Bernges ◽  
Johannes Buchheim ◽  
Marc Duchardt ◽  
Anna-Katharina Hatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Ionic Conductivities ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Relative Standard

<p>Owing to highly conductive solid ionic conductors, all-solid-state batteries attract significant attention as promising next-generation energy storage devices. A lot of research is invested in the search and optimization of solid electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity. However, a systematic study of an <i>interlaboratory reproducibility</i> of measured ionic conductivities and activation energies is missing, making the comparison of absolute values in literature challenging. In this study, we perform an uncertainty evaluation via a Round Robin approach using different Li-argyrodites exhibiting orders of magnitude different ionic conductivities as reference materials. Identical samples are distributed to different research laboratories and the conductivities and activation barriers are measured by impedance spectroscopy. The results show large ranges of up to 4.5 mScm<sup>-1</sup> in the measured total ionic conductivity (1.3 – 5.8 mScm<sup>-1</sup> for the highest conducting sample, relative standard deviation 35 – 50% across all samples) and up to 128 meV for the activation barriers (198 – 326 meV, relative standard deviation 5 – 15%, across all samples), presenting the necessity of a more rigorous methodology including further collaborations within the community and multiplicate measurements.</p>

scholarly journals Modeling hydrologic processes associated with soil saturation and debris flow initiation during the September 2013 storm, Colorado Front Range

Landslides ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujana Timilsina ◽  
Jeffrey D. Niemann ◽  
Sara L. Rathburn ◽  
Francis K. Rengers ◽  
Peter A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Colorado Front Range ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Hydrologic Processes ◽  
Soil Saturation ◽  
Debris Flow Initiation

scholarly journals Indirect and Direct Determination of the Casein Content of Milk by Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analysis: Collaborative Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna M Lynch ◽  
David M Barbano ◽  
J Richard Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Milk Casein

Abstract The classic method for determination of milk casein is based on precipitation of casein at pH 4.6. Precipitated milk casein is removed by filtration and the nitrogen content of either the precipitate (direct casein method) or filtrate (noncasein nitrogen; NCN) is determined by Kjeldahl analysis. For the indirect casein method, milk total nitrogen (TN; Method 991.20) is also determined and casein is calculated as TN minus NCN. Ten laboratories tested 9 pairs of blind duplicate raw milk materials with a casein range of 2.42- 3.05℅ by both the direct and indirect casein methods. Statistical performance expressed in protein equivalents (nitrogen ⨯ 6.38) with invalid and outlier data removed was as follows: NCN method (wt%), mean = 0.762, sr = 0.010, SR = 0.016, repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) = 1.287℅, reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSDR) = 2.146%; indirect casein method (wt℅), mean = 2.585, repeatability = 0.015, reproducibility = 0.022, RSDr = 0.560℅, RSDR = 0.841; direct casein method (wt℅), mean = 2.575, sr = 0.015, sR = 0.025, RSDr = 0.597℅, RSDR = 0.988℅. Method performance was acceptable and comparable to similar Kjeldahl methods for determining nitrogen content of milk (Methods 991.20, 991.21,991.22, 991.23). The direct casein, indirect casein, and noncasein nitrogen methods have been adopted by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

scholarly journals A computer-controlled potentiometric/spectrophotometric titrator

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
John D. Stong
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
System Control ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Spectrophotometric Titrations ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
Diode Array Spectrophotometer

A laboratory computer controlled potentiometric titrator interfaced to a diode array spectrophotometer is described. The titrator consists of widely used, commercially available components; therefore, major attention is given to modes of interconnection and software implementation in data format and system control. Replicate potentiometric titrations of glycines gave a relative standard deviation in titre of 1.035% and a relative standard deviation in pH of 0.745%. Replicate spectrophotometric titrations of bromophenol blue were analysed at three wavelengths to yield pKa= 3.898 ± 0.075 (1.9% rsd).Methods of data presentation and manipulation are presented.

scholarly journals HPLC Quantification of Cytotoxic Compounds fromAspergillus niger

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Paula Karina S. Uchoa ◽  
Leandro Bezerra de Lima ◽  
Antonia T. A. Pimenta ◽  
Maria da Conceição F. de Oliveira ◽  
Jair Mafezoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
Marine Strain

A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantification of the cytotoxic compounds produced by a marine strain ofAspergillus niger. The fungus was grown in malt peptone dextrose (MPD), potato dextrose yeast (PDY), and mannitol peptone yeast (MnPY) media during 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, and the natural products were identified by standard compounds. The validation parameters obtained were selectivity, linearity (coefficient of correlation > 0.99), precision (relative standard deviation below 5%), and accuracy (recovery > 96).

Evaluation of Spectrophotometric and Fluorometric Methods for Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Determination in Ewe's Milk

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1258-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. SCINTU ◽  
E. DAGA ◽  
A. LEDDA
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Alp Activity ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Ewe's Milk ◽  
European Method

The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test has been used since 1935 to assess the effectiveness of pasteurization. Different analytical methods exist for detecting ALP in milk. Unfortunately, there is little information about ALP activity in ewe's milk. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the official European method (spectrophotometric method) and the Fluorophos method (fluorometric method) regarding their use in ewe's milk. Bulk ewe's milk samples were taken from a flock and from three different dairies. A portion of the original sample was pasteurized at 63°C for 30 min in a circulating bath; another portion was heated to and kept at 95°C for about 2 min, and 0.1% (vol/vol) of raw milk was added. The samples obtained were analyzed in duplicate using the spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The relation between ALP activity determined by the two methods was characterized by the following equation: Y = 1.34 + 0.0039X (where Y = ALP in μg of phenol per ml of milk and X = ALP in mU/liter; R2 = 91.5%). Precision parameters (repeatability [r], standard deviation of repeatability [sr], and relative standard deviation of repeatability [RSDr]) for both methods were calculated. The values of RSDr for the Fluorophos method were 4.30 for pasteurized milk and 2.96 for 0.1% raw milk, close to the value indicated by Rocco in whole cow's milk (RSDr = 4.4). The repeatability for the official method (r = 2.16) was close to that indicated for whole cow's milk (r = 2).

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