scholarly journals Positive Deviance for Dual-Method Promotion among Women in Uganda: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodaka Kosugi ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Junko Kiriya ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Stephen Mucunguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Dual Method ◽  
Sexual Risks ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Dual Burden ◽  
Depth Interviews

Dual-method use is the most reliable form of protection against unintended pregnancies and HIV/STIs. Although dual-method use remains uncommon among women in stable relationships, some women do practice it. In this study, we explored the barriers that make dual-method use rare and the behaviors of women who practice dual-method use using a positive deviance framework in Uganda. We screened 150 women using highly effective contraceptives at five health facilities. We identified nine women who practiced dual-method use and 141 women who did not. In a qualitative study, we conducted in-depth interviews with all nine women practicing dual-method use and 10 women randomly selected out of the 141 who did not. We performed a thematic analysis using the positive deviance framework. Regardless of practicing dual-method use or not, women faced perceived barriers against dual-method use, such as partner’s objection, distrust, shyness about introducing condoms into marital relationships, and limited access to condoms. However, women practicing dual-method use had higher levels of risk perception about unintended pregnancies and HIV/STIs. They also engaged in unique behaviors, such as influencing their partners’ condom use by initiating discussions, educating their partners on sexual risks and condom use, and obtaining condoms by themselves. These findings will be useful in developing effective community-led and peer-based interventions promoting dual-method use to reduce the dual burden of unintended pregnancies and HIV/STIs among women in Uganda.

scholarly journals Positive Deviance for Dual-Method Promotion among Women in Uganda: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5009
Author(s):  
Hodaka Kosugi ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Junko Kiriya ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Stephen Mucunguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Dual Method ◽  
Sexual Risks ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Depth Interviews

Dual-method use is the most reliable form of protection against unintended pregnancies and human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STIs). Although dual-method use remains uncommon among women in stable relationships, some women do practice it. In this study, we explored the barriers that make dual-method use rare and the behaviors of women who practice dual-method use using a positive deviance framework in Uganda. We screened 150 women using highly effective contraceptives at five health facilities. We identified nine women who practiced dual-method use and 141 women who did not. In a qualitative study, we conducted in-depth interviews with all nine women practicing dual-method use and 10 women randomly selected out of the 141 who did not. We performed a thematic analysis using the positive deviance framework. Regardless of practicing dual-method use or not, women faced perceived barriers against dual-method use, such as partner’s objection, distrust, shyness about introducing condoms into marital relationships, and limited access to condoms. However, women practicing dual-method use had higher levels of risk perception about unintended pregnancies and HIV/STIs. They also engaged in unique behaviors, such as influencing their partners’ condom use by initiating discussions, educating their partners on sexual risks and condom use, and obtaining condoms by themselves. These findings will be useful in developing effective community-led and peer-based interventions promoting dual-method use to reduce the dual burden of unintended pregnancies and HIV/STIs among women in Uganda.

scholarly journals Positive deviance for dual-method promotion among women in Uganda: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodaka Kosugi ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Junko Kiriya ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Stephen Mucunguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Dual Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Dual-method use is known as the most reliable protection against unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However, it is not commonly used in sub-Sharan Africa, especially among women using highly effective contraceptives. This article describes a protocol to evaluate the effect of an intervention formulated under the positive deviance approach for promoting dual-method use in Uganda. Methods One hundred women will be interviewed using a structured questionnaire to find those practicing dual-method use. Then, in-depth interviews will be conducted with all women using dual-method and ten women using only highly effective contraceptives to identify their unique practice. Then, a cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted to examine the effect of an intervention formulated under the positive deviance approach on dual-method uptake and adherence. Twenty health facilities will be randomized to an intervention or control arm, and 480 women will be enrolled in each group. The participants will be followed up for eight months. Discussion This trial focuses on women who already adapted dual-method use and identifies their unique solutions to promote dual-method use. This trial could tackle barriers for dual-method use, which expert outsiders may fail to recognize, by analyzing and promulgating their unique behaviors. This study could provide evidence that the positive deviance approach can address unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections as well as other health problems which usual approaches have failed to address.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study on the Experience of Military Life and Ministry of Korean Christian Female Military Pastors

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Jieun Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
Seminary Education ◽  
Military Life ◽  
Family Balance ◽  
Role Confusion ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of this study was to understand who female military pastors are in the Korean military and examine their military lives and ministry experiences through in-depth interviews and qualitative analysis. Six of the eight female military pastors currently working participated in this study. Seven major themes were identified: motivation to apply, role confusion and ambiguity, token women in the Korean military, perceived barriers or bias, equality experience, lack of network or mentor, and work and family balance. This study was helpful for obtaining a deeper understanding of female military pastors who exist as a minority in the Korean military. This study also provides basic information for the seminary education of future female military pastors and policies for female leaders working in the Korean military.

scholarly journals Positive deviance for promoting dual-method contraceptive use among women in Uganda: a cluster randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodaka Kosugi ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Junko Kiriya ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Stephen Mucunguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Dual Method ◽  
List Type ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies

AbstractBackgroundDual-method contraceptive use, or using condoms with highly effective contraceptives, is effective at preventing both unintended pregnancies and HIV infections. Although it remains uncommon among women in long-term relationships in sub-Saharan Africa, some do practice it. The positive deviance approach aims to promulgate practices of such individuals to other members in the community. We examined the effects of a positive deviance intervention on the dual-method use among married or in-union women.MethodsWe conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in 20 health facilities in Mbarara District, Uganda, with 960 women aged 18–49 years. The intervention was a combination of clinic- and phone-based counseling and a participatory workshop, which was developed based on the qualitative study of women practicing the dual-method use in the study area. The control group received regular clinic-based counseling and health-related messages via phone. We assessed dual-method contraceptive use at the last sexual intercourse and its consistent use at two, four, six, and eight months after enrollment.FindingsMore women in the intervention group reported dual-method contraceptive use at the last sexual intercourse at two months (AOR = 4.29; 95% CI: 2.12–8.69; p < 0.001) and at eight months (AOR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.07–4.48; p = 0.032) than in the control group. Consistent dual-method contraceptive use was also more prevalent in the intervention group at two months (AOR = 13.71; 95% CI: 3.59–52.43; p < 0.001), and the intervention effect remained at four, six, and eight months.ConclusionDual-method contraceptive use increased significantly among women in the intervention group. The positive deviance intervention can be a potential option for promoting the dual-method use among women in long-term relationships in Uganda.Key questionsWhat is already known about this topic?Dual-method contraceptive use is incredible for preventing both unintended pregnancies and HIV infections but remains uncommon among women in long-term relationships in sub-Saharan Africa.The positive deviance approach aims to promulgate behaviors of individuals who have achieved rare success to other members in the community and has the potential to achieve sustainable behavioral change.What are the new findings?The proportion of women practicing dual-method contraception at the last sexual intercourse increased from 8.5% at baseline to 42.6% at two months after enrollment in the intervention group.Over 15% and 11% of women in the intervention group reported consistent dual-method contraceptive use at two and eight months, respectively.Between the intervention and control groups, the significant difference was detected for their consistent dual-method contraceptive use during the eight-month follow-up period.What do the new findings imply?The positive deviance intervention is effective in reducing the dual risk of unintended pregnancies and HIV infections through promoting dual-method contraceptive use among women in Mbarara District, Uganda.The positive deviance approach can help women to uptake and adhere to dual-method contraceptive use by disseminating the local solutions found among women already practicing it in the community.

scholarly journals Positive deviance for dual-method promotion among women in Uganda: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodaka Kosugi ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Junko Kiriya ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Stephen Mucunguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Dual Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Dual-method use is known as the most reliable protection against unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However, it is not commonly used in sub-Sharan Africa, especially among women using highly effective contraceptives. This article describes a protocol to evaluate the effect of an intervention formulated under the positive deviance approach for promoting dual-method use in Uganda.Methods One hundred women will be interviewed using a structured questionnaire to find those practicing dual-method use. Then, in-depth interviews will be conducted with all women using dual-method and ten women using only highly effective contraceptives to identify their unique practice. Then, a cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted to examine the effect of an intervention formulated under the positive deviance approach on dual-method uptake and adherence. Twenty health facilities will be randomized to an intervention or control arm, and 480 women will be enrolled in each group. The participants will be followed up for eight months.Discussion This trial focuses on women who already adapted dual-method use and identifies their unique solutions to promote dual-method use. This trial could tackle barriers for dual-method use, which expert outsiders may fail to recognize, by analyzing and promulgating their unique behaviors. This study could provide evidence that the positive deviance approach can address unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections as well as other health problems which usual approaches have failed to address.

scholarly journals Positive deviance for dual-method promotion among women in Uganda: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hodaka Kosugi ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Junko Kiriya ◽  
Ken Ing Cherng Ong ◽  
Stephen Mucunguzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Dual Method ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Cluster Randomized

Abstract Background Dual-method use is known as the most reliable protection against unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. However, it is not commonly used in sub-Sharan Africa, especially among women using highly effective contraceptives. This article describes a protocol to evaluate the effect of an intervention formulated under the positive deviance approach for promoting dual-method use in Uganda.Methods One hundred women will be interviewed using a structured questionnaire to find those practicing dual-method use. Then, in-depth interviews will be conducted with all women using dual-method and ten women using only highly effective contraceptives to identify their unique practice. Then, a cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted to examine the effect of an intervention formulated under the positive deviance approach on dual-method uptake and adherence. Twenty health facilities will be randomized to an intervention or control arm, and 480 women will be enrolled in each group. The participants will be followed up for eight months.Discussion This trial focuses on women who already adapted dual-method use and identifies their unique solutions to promote dual-method use. This trial could tackle barriers for dual-method use, which expert outsiders may fail to recognize, by analyzing and promulgating their unique behaviors. This study could provide evidence that the positive deviance approach can address unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections as well as other health problems which usual approaches have failed to address.

An Exploration of Aftercare Services for Female Drug Users

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Talent Mhangwa ◽  
Madhu Kasiram ◽  
Sibonsile Zibane
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Aftercare Services ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Female Drug Users ◽  
Depth Interviews

The number of female drug users has been on the rise in South Africa, with statistics reflecting a rise in the number of women who attend treatment centres annually. This article presents empirical data from a broader qualitative study which aimed to explore perceptions concerning the effectiveness of aftercare programmes for female recovering drug users. The main data source was transcripts of in-depth interviews and focus groups with both service users and service providers from a designated rehabilitation centre in Gauteng, South Africa. Framed within a biopsychosocial-spiritual model, this article explores the perceptions and meanings which the female recovering drug users and the service providers attach to aftercare programmes. The findings of the research outlined the range of factors promoting recovery, alongside noteworthy suggestions for improvement in aftercare services. While acknowledging multiple influences on behaviour, this article highlights the significance of these findings in planning and implementing holistic aftercare programmes.

scholarly journals A positive deviance-based qualitative study of stress, coping, and feeding practices among low-income, Hispanic mothers whose children do versus do not meet guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-604
Author(s):  
Eleanor Shonkoff ◽  
Sara C Folta ◽  
Theodore Fitopoulos ◽  
Cynthia N Ramirez ◽  
Ricky Bluthenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Deviance ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Hispanic Mothers

Abstract Less than 1% of children in the United States concurrently meet guidelines for fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity, screen time, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Prior evidence suggests that parents of this 1% potentially cope with stress differently. This qualitative study used a positive deviance-based approach to locate mothers whose children avoided negative feeding outcomes despite being ‘high-risk’ for obesity. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Spanish for two groups: low-income, Hispanic mothers whose children were normal weight and met recommendations for fruits/vegetables and physical activity (n = 5); and a comparison group whose children had obesity and did not meet guidelines (n = 8). Topics included weight-related parenting practices, attitudes toward health, and stress management. Interviews were transcribed, translated, and coded using NVivo for theoretically driven thematic analysis. Results suggested that mothers viewed stress differently. Mothers of healthy weight children believed stress could be prevented, such as by paying children more attention or directing one’s attention away from stressors; comparison group mothers tended to report stress about managing their child’s eating and about financial worries. Future research is needed to understand the underlying sources of these differences (e.g. personality traits, coping practices) and test whether stress prevention interventions can promote healthy parental feeding practices.

scholarly journals Understanding the Occupational Adaptation Process and Well-Being of Older Adults in Magallanes (Chile): A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palma ­Candia ◽  
Hueso­Montoro ◽  
Martí-García ◽  
Fernández-Alcántara ◽  
Campos-Calderón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Occupational Adaptation ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background: Aging and longevity are important topics nowadays. Purpose: To describe how older adults perform the occupational adaptation process in the extreme region of Magallanes (Chile), and to identify the factors that might contribute to successful occupational adaptation and well-being. Method: Qualitative study, with a phenomenological interpretative approach. In-depth interviews were carried out with 16 older adults, with high or low levels of well-being, assessed with the Ryff Scale. An inductive content analysis according to Elo and Kyngäs was performed. Findings: Resilience, self-esteem and interdependence with significant others are key elements that promote well-being. Participants develop strategies to minimize the effects of environmental factors. The occupation’s function in terms of socialization, use of time, and social participation is revealed as a conditioning factor of occupational adaptation. Implications: Interventions with older people to achieve a successful occupational adaptation process must take into consideration the commitment to meaningful activities.

Games people play: sex, alcohol and condom use among urban Norwegians

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bente Træen ◽  
Arild Hovland
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Symbolic Value

What makes adults have unprotected casual sex under the influence of alcohol? In 1995 afield qualitative study on alcohol and sexuality was undertaken among 33 guests to three clubs designed to attract people from different social layers in Oslo. Men were reluctant to use condoms because of reduced pleasure and sensation. Females’ problems dealt with social stigmatization and with what was sought in the sexual encounter. Condoms were not likely to be used if the woman used oral contraception. The informants trusted the partner would tell of diseases. Trusting was connected to the partner's social status. In love contexts, the symbolic value of sex without condoms may be greater than for sex with condoms. In non-love contexts, condom use was connected to acting responsibly. The informants tended to blame the alcohol for not using condoms. However, rather than failing to use condoms, people more likely never intended to use them.

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