scholarly journals A Novel Earwax Method to Measure Acute and Chronic Glucose Levels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Herane-Vives ◽  
Susana Espinoza ◽  
Rodrigo Sandoval ◽  
Lorena Ortega ◽  
Luis Alameda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Standard Serum

Increased chronic glucose is associated with pandemic diseases. To date, there is not a practical, as well as accurate sample for reflecting that level. We measured earwax glucose in 37 controls. They provided standard serum samples, Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) and earwax samples on two time-points, one month a part. The specimens measured baseline fasting glucose, a follow-up postprandial glucose level and a between sample chronic glucose, calculated using the average level on the two occasions. The baseline earwax sample was obtained using a clinical method and the follow-up using a novel self-sampling earwax device. The earwax analytic time was significantly faster using the novel device in comparison to the clinical use of the syringe. Earwax accurately reflected glucose at both assessments with stronger correlations than HbA1c. Follow-up postprandial concentrations were more significant than their respective fasting baseline concentrations, reflecting differences in fasting and postprandial glycaemia and more efficient standardisation at follow up. Earwax demonstrated to be more predictable than HbA1c in reflecting systemic fasting, postprandial and long-term glucose levels and immune by confounders. Earwax glucose was approximately 60% more predictable than HbA1c in reflecting glycaemia over a month. The self-sampling device provided a sample that might accurately reflect chronic glycaemia.

scholarly journals A Novel Earwax Method to Measure Acute and Chronic Glucose Levels

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1069
Author(s):  
Andrés Herane-Vives ◽  
Susana Espinoza ◽  
Rodrigo Sandoval ◽  
Lorena Ortega ◽  
Luis Alameda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Postprandial Glycemia ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Standard Serum

Diabetes is the fourth cause of death globally. To date, there is not a practical, as well as an accurate sample for reflecting chronic glucose levels. We measured earwax glucose in 37 controls. Participants provided standard serum, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and earwax samples at two time-points, one month apart. The specimens measured baseline fasting glucose, a follow-up postprandial glucose level and a between sample chronic glucose, calculated using the average level on the two occasions. The baseline earwax sample was obtained using a clinical method and the follow-up using a novel self-sampling earwax device. The earwax analytic time was significantly faster using the novel device, in comparison to the clinical use of the syringe. Earwax accurately reflected glucose at both assessments with stronger correlations than HbA1c. Follow-up postprandial concentrations were more significant than their respective fasting baseline concentrations, reflecting differences in fasting and postprandial glycemia and more efficient standardization at follow up. Earwax demonstrated to be more predictable than HbA1c in reflecting systemic fasting, postprandial and long-term glucose levels, and to be less influenced by confounders. Earwax glucose measurements were approximately 60% more predictable than HbA1c in reflecting glycemia over a month. The self-sampling device provided a sample that might accurately reflect chronic glycemia.

scholarly journals A Novel Earwax Self-Sampling Device: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4882
Author(s):  
Andrés Herane-Vives ◽  
Rodrigo Sandoval ◽  
Lorena Ortega ◽  
Susana Espinoza ◽  
Anthony Cleare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
New Method ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Right

(1) Background: Earwax might provide the long-term concentration of substances that are altered in chronic diseases. Standardised earwax extraction has to be exclusively performed by clinicians. We investigated the safety, reliability, and tolerance of a novel self-sampling earwax device in comparison with a clinical method; (2) Methods: We compared the reliability between both methods in a longitudinal study. We first cleaned both ears at baseline in 37 controls. Secondly, we obtained a sample a month after by extracting earwax from the right ear with a novel self-sampling device, and from the left ear by using the clinical method. Reliability of both methods was measured by coefficients of variation; (3) Results: The weight of the baseline samples was not significantly different between ear sides. The reliability of the two methods was not significantly different. The self-extraction method removed eight times more earwax than the clinical method. The new method proved to be well tolerated; (4) Conclusions: The novel device was as reliable as the clinical method in sampling earwax. In view of its practicality, safety, tolerability and efficiency, the new method may have clinical applications at a reduced cost.

Measuring Earwax Cortisol Concentration Using a Non-Stressful Method (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Herane-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND “Short-term” samples are not the most appropriate for reflecting Chronic Cortisol Concentration (CCC). Although hair is used for reflecting the systemic cortisol level over “long-term”, its use appears clinically problematic. Local stress and non-stress related factors may release a circumscribed cortisol secretion that is accumulated in hair. Non-stressful earwax extraction methods may provide a more accurate specimen to measure CCC. OBJECTIVE Correlate cortisol levels using hair, serum and earwax samples METHODS Earwax from both ears of 37 controls were extracted using a clinical procedure commonly associated with local pain. One month later, earwax from the left ear side was extracted using the same procedure, and earwax from the right ear side was comfortably extracted, using an earwax self-sampling device. Participants also provided one centimetre of hair that represented the retrospective month of cortisol output, and one serum sample that reflected the effect of systemic stressors on cortisol levels. Earwax (ECC), Hair (HCC) and Serum (SCC) Cortisol Concentration were correlated and compared. Confounders´ effect on cortisol levels were studied. RESULTS Serum showed the largest and hair the lowest cortisol concentration (p<0.01). Left-ECC was larger than Right-ECC (p=0.03). Right-ECC was the only sample unaffected by confounders (all p>0.05). Right-ECC and HCC showed the only significant association (r=0.39; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The self-sampling device did not represent a local stressor for the ceruminous glands. It provided the cortisol level with the least likely to be affected by confounding factors over the previous month. ECC using the novel device may constitute another accurate, but more suitable and affordable specimen for measuring CCC.

scholarly journals The role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors in fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Sergeevich Ametov ◽  
Dinara Gadgimagomedovna Gusenbekova
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To evaluate the influence of combined therapy of sitagliptin and metformin on fat metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods. The study included 82 patients (age, 55.3±9.1 years) with obesity and lipid metabolism disorders. None of the patients had reached their target glycated haemoglobin levels after metformin and diet therapy. Patients in group 1 (n=42) received 1.5–2-g metformin daily before the study and were switched to a formulation of 100-mg sitagliptin and 2-g metformin once a day. Patients in group 2 (n=40) were on a diet therapy before inclusion and were started on 2-g metformin/day. The following were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of therapy: fasting glucose levels, postprandial glucose levels, glycated haemoglobin, weight, body mass index, waist circumference and lipid profile; insulin, proinsulin, leptin and adiponectin levels; insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In addition, magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess the amount of visceral fat for the total cohort.Results. After 6 months, glycated haemoglobin decreased by 18.52% (p 0.001) in group 1 and by 8.17% (p 0.001) in group 2. Fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose levels in group 1 were reduced by 21% (p 0.001) and 26.35% (p 0.001), respectively; the corresponding reductions in group 2 were 1.45% (p 0.05) and 5.31% (p 0.05), respectively. HOMA-β increased by 33% in group 1 (p 0.001) and by 11% in group 2 (p 0.05). Adiponectin levels increased by 27.06% (p 0.001) in group 1 and by 7.16% in group 2 (p 0.001). Leptin levels were reduced by 30.47% (p 0.001) in group 1 and by 5.41% in group 2 (p 0.001). Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 7.52% reduction in visceral fat for group 1 (p 0.001) and a 1.76% reduction for group 2 (p 0.01). The comparison of subcutaneous fat dynamics did not show statistically significant differences between the groups.Conclusion. Compared with metformin monotherapy, sitagliptin and metformin combination therapy had a prominent effect on non-glycaemic parameters, with more marked decreases in visceral fat and leptin and increases in adiponectin levels.

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of abnormal PSA recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémie Lautenbach ◽  
Michael Müntener ◽  
Paolo Zanoni ◽  
Lanja Saleh ◽  
Karim Saba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Heterophilic Antibodies ◽  
Psa Test ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Standard Serum ◽  
Roche Diagnostics ◽  
Test Result

Abstract Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is of paramount importance as a diagnostic tool for the detection and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. In the presence of interfering factors such as heterophilic antibodies or anti-PSA antibodies the PSA test can yield significantly falsified results. The prevalence of these factors is unknown. Methods: We determined the recovery of PSA concentrations diluting patient samples with a standard serum of known PSA concentration. Based on the frequency distribution of recoveries in a pre-study on 268 samples, samples with recoveries <80% or >120% were defined as suspect, re-tested and further characterized to identify the cause of interference. Results: A total of 1158 consecutive serum samples were analyzed. Four samples (0.3%) showed reproducibly disturbed recoveries of 10%, 68%, 166% and 4441%. In three samples heterophilic antibodies were identified as the probable cause, in the fourth anti-PSA-autoantibodies. The very low recovery caused by the latter interference was confirmed in serum, as well as heparin- and EDTA plasma of blood samples obtained 6 months later. Analysis by eight different immunoassays showed recoveries ranging between <10% and 80%. In a follow-up study of 212 random plasma samples we found seven samples with autoantibodies against PSA which however did not show any disturbed PSA recovery. Conclusions: About 0.3% of PSA determinations by the electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) of Roche diagnostics are disturbed by heterophilic or anti-PSA autoantibodies. Although they are rare, these interferences can cause relevant misinterpretations of a PSA test result.

scholarly journals Personalized Postprandial Glucose Response–Targeting Diet Versus Mediterranean Diet for Glycemic Control in Prediabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orly Ben-Yacov ◽  
Anastasia Godneva ◽  
Michal Rein ◽  
Smadar Shilo ◽  
Dmitry Kolobkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Time

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> To compare the clinical effects of a Personalized Postprandial-Targeting (PPT) diet vs a Mediterranean (MED) diet, on glycemic control and metabolic health in prediabetes. <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS </b>We randomly assigned adults with prediabetes (n=225) to follow a MED diet or a PPT diet for a 6-month dietary intervention and additional 6-month follow-up. The PPT diet relies on a machine-learning algorithm that integrates clinical and microbiome features to predict personal postprandial-glucose-responses (PPGR). During the intervention, all participants were connected to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and self-reported dietary intake using a smartphone application.</p> <p><b>RESULTS </b>Among 225 participants randomized (58.7% women; mean±SD age, 50±7 years; BMI, 31.3±5.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup>; HbA1c, 5.9±0.2% (41±2.4 mmol/mol); fasting plasma glucose 114±12mg/dl [6.33±0.67 mmol/L]), 200 (89%) completed the 6-month intervention. A total of 177 participants additionally contributed 12-month follow-up data. Both interventions reduced the daily time with glucose levels above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) and HbA1c levels, but reductions were significantly greater in PPT compared to MED. The mean 6-month change in ‘time above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L)’ was -0.3±0.8 hour/day and -1.3±1.5 hour/day for MED and PPT, respectively (95% CI between-group difference, -1.29 to -0.66; p<0.001). The mean 6-month change in HbA1c was -0.08±0.19% (-0.9±2.1 mmol/mol) and -0.16±0.24% (-1.7±2.6 mmol/mol) for MED and PPT, respectively (95% CI between-group difference, -0.14 to -0.02; p=0.007). The significant between-group differences maintained at 12-month follow-up. No significant differences were noted between the groups in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, CGM-measured). </p> <b>CONCLUSIONS </b>In this clinical trial in prediabetes,<b> </b>a PPT diet improved glycemic control significantly more than a MED diet as measured by daily time of glucose levels above 140 mg/dl (7.8 mmol/L) and HbA1c. These findings may have implications to dietary advice in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Study on Correlations Between Glycated Haemoglobin, Lipid Profiles and Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetics Living at Moderate High Altitude

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajashekar Rao B ◽  
Parineetha PB ◽  
Venkata Raman Vc
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Introduction: The study was conducted to look for the effects of polycythaemia on Glycosylated Haemoglobin (GHb) levels and to the see the correlations between the levels of haemoglobin, GHb, blood glucose, and lipid profiles including Atherogenic Index of plasma (AIP), in type 2 diabetics living 5800ft above sea level at Gangtok in Sikkim, India. GHb is used to predict the risk of long term complications of Diabetes mellitus (DM) like coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of Group I (Type 2 DM male patients with PPG levels 200mg/ dl) and age matched healthy males formed the control group. Results: In Group I, GHb levels correlated positively with AIP, but not with TC/HDL-C ratio. In Group II, both PPG and GHb levels correlated positively with Total cholesterol (TC), LDL Cholesterol, TC /HDL-C ratio and AIP. This shows that higher PPG levels are associated with more Atherogenic lipid profiles. Study also showed higher GHb levels in controls at 7.61%, and correlated positively with postprandial glucose (PPG) levels (r = 0.92). Conclusion: In predicting risk for future CAD, PPG levels and AIP can be used as an adjunct parameter.

Anticardiolipin Antibodies Are Elevated in HIV-1 Infected Haemophiliacs but Do Not Predict for Disease Progression

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 081-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Panzer ◽  
Christoph Stain ◽  
Hubert Hartl ◽  
Robert Dudczak ◽  
Klaus Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factor Viii Concentrates ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

SummaryLevels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were measured in 55 patients with haemophilia A in serum samples obtained in 1983 and in 1987. Twenty-one patients were negative for anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983 and remained negative in 1987; 34 patients had anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983; 17 of these latter patients remained asymptomatic, whereas 17 patients developed ARC or AIDS during the 4 years follow-up. Thirteen anti HIV-1 negative patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; subsequently, a significant decrease was observed in all these subjects (p <0.001). All anti HIV-1 positive patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; normal values were found in 9 patients in 1987. Yet, these changes were not significant (p >0.05). ACA levels were significantly higher in HIV-1 infected patients than in those without anti HIV-1 antibodies (p <0.05). There was no difference of ACA levels between the two anti HIV-1 positive patient groups, be it in 1983 or be it in 1987 (p >0.05). There was no correlation of ACA levels with serum IgG concentrations, CD4+ lymphocytes, or the consumption of factor VIII concentrates.

EFFICACY OF A NOVEL DEVICE TO DETECT, ALERT AND RESOLVE NEONATAL APNEA - PILOT STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 608-613
Author(s):  
Dr. Swapna Lingaldinna,Dr. Himabindu Singh,Mona Sharma*
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Care ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Care Community ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Sick Newborn ◽  
Central Apneas ◽  
Neonatal Apnea

Objective: To measure the accuracy of a novel device in detecting Bradycardia andDesaturation (B&D) events and to determine its efficacy in resolving apneas innewborns with comparison to standard monitor (which only detects B&D eventsand alerts).Design: This was a prospective observational study.Setting: Sick Newborn Care Unit of a large tertiary referral hospital in Hyderabad,India.Methods: 31 newborns were provided with a novel device, which monitored oxygensaturation and pulse rate and alarmed when values dropped below a set thresholdwhich is referred as an event, henceforth. The novel device also provided footstimulation in response to above-mentioned events. When the monitor alarmed, anurse attended to the baby to confirm whether the baby was breathing and whetherthe event had been resolved by the device. If the event had not resolved, appropriateaction as per the standard-of-care was performed.Results: The novel device “ApneBootTM” positively detected B&D events 94.03% oftimes as compared to the standard reference monitor. 56 of 67 observed B&D eventswere visually confirmed to be apneas, indicating that 83.6% of B&D eventscoincided with apneas. Of the 56 apneic events, 50 were central apneas, of which 35were resolved by the novel device, making the device’s efficacy of apnea resolution70%.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that this novel device “ApneBootTM”is very effective in detecting and alarming B&D events, which coincides with theapnea, and resolving it by providing foot stimulation.Keywords: Novel Device, Neonatal Apnea, Low Birth Weight, Body Temperature,Kangaroo Mother Care, Community Health,

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