scholarly journals Effectiveness of tDCS to Improve Recognition and Reduce False Memories in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Melendez ◽  
Encarnación Satorres ◽  
Alfonso Pitarque ◽  
Iraida Delhom ◽  
Elena Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Older People ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Main Effect

Background. False memories tend to increase in healthy and pathological aging, and their reduction could be useful in improving cognitive functioning. The objective was to use an active-placebo method to verify whether the application of tDCS in improving true recognition and reducing false memories in healthy older people. Method. Participants were 29 healthy older adults (65-78 years old) assigned to active or placebo group; active group received anodal stimulation at 2mA for 20 min over F7. An experimental task was used to estimate true and false recognition. The procedure took place in two sessions on two consecutive days. Results. A mixed ANOVA of true recognition showed a significant main effect of session (p = .004), indicating an increase from before treatment to after it. False recognition showed a significant main effect (p = .004), indicating a decrease from before treatment to after it and a significant session x group interaction (p < .0001). Conclusions. Overall, our results show that tDCS is an effective tool for increasing true recognition and reducing false recognition in healthy older people, and suggest that stimulation improves recall by increasing the number of items a participant can recall and reducing the number of memory errors.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of tDCS at Improving Recognition and Reducing False Memories in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Juan Meléndez ◽  
Encarnación Satorres ◽  
Alfonso Pitarque ◽  
Iraida Delhom ◽  
Elena Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Older People ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Main Effect

Background: False memories tend to increase in healthy and pathological aging, and their reduction could be useful in improving cognitive functioning. The objective of this study was to use an active–placebo method to verify whether the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improved true recognition and reduced false memories in healthy older people. Method: Participants were 29 healthy older adults (65–78 years old) that were assigned to either an active or a placebo group; the active group received anodal stimulation at 2 mA for 20 min over F7. An experimental task was used to estimate true and false recognition. The procedure took place in two sessions on two consecutive days. Results: True recognition showed a significant main effect of sessions (p < 0.01), indicating an increase from before treatment to after it. False recognition showed a significant main effect of sessions (p < 0.01), indicating a decrease from before treatment to after it and a significant session × group interaction (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Overall, our results show that tDCS was an effective tool for increasing true recognition and reducing false recognition in healthy older people, and suggest that stimulation improved recall by increasing the number of items a participant could recall and reducing the number of memory errors.

Emotional valence and semantic relatedness differentially influence false recognition in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and healthy elderly

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATJA BRUECKNER ◽  
STEFFEN MORITZ
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Positive Valence

AbstractThis study examined whether patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are at higher risk for later Alzheimer disease (AD) display deficits comparable to patients with diagnosed dementia. We assessed 27 patients with MCI, 36 patients with AD, and 20 healthy older adults with an emotional variant of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott-paradigm. Participants studied four lists that were semantically related to a nonpresented critical theme word. These theme words were either depression-related (i.e., loneliness) or delusion-related (betrayal) or had a positive (holidays) or neutral (window) valence. Despite a normal overall emotional memory and a normal corrected overall false recognition, patients with MCI, as predicted, produced as many false memories as patients with AD. On closer examination, both patient groups showed enhanced false memories to unrelated stimuli and a significant bias to falsely remember stimuli with a positive valence. We conclude that although patients with MCI are not distinguishable from healthy older adults in terms of their overall emotional recognition, positively valenced memories and more specifically false positive memories may represent the signature of a breakdown of emotional memory along the continuum between normal aging and AD. (JINS, 2009, 15, 268–276.)

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Item-Specific Encoding and Conservative Responding to Reduce False Memories in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christopher Malone ◽  
Katherine W. Turk ◽  
Rocco Palumbo ◽  
Andrew E. Budson
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease Dementia

Abstract Objective: Patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia are more susceptible to false memories than healthy older adults. Evidence that these patients can use cognitive strategies to reduce false memory is inconsistent. Method: In the present study, we examined the effectiveness of conservative responding and item-specific deep encoding strategies, alone and in combination, to reduce false memory in a categorized word list paradigm among participants with mild Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD), amnestic single-domain mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy age-matched older controls (OCs). A battery of clinical neuropsychological measures was also administered. Results: Although use of conservative responding alone tended to reduce performance in the MCI and OC groups, both deep encoding alone and deep encoding combined with conservative strategies led to improved discrimination for both gist memory and item-specific recollection for these two groups. In the AD group, only gist memory benefited from the use of strategies, boosted equally by deep encoding alone and deep encoding combined with conservative strategies; item-specific recollection was not improved. No correlation between the use of these strategies and performance on neuropsychological measures was found. Conclusions: These results suggest that further evaluation of these strategies is warranted as they have the potential to reduce related and unrelated memory errors and increase both gist memory and item-specific recollection in healthy older adults and individuals with amnestic MCI. Patients with AD were less able to benefit from such strategies, yet were still able to use them to reduce unrelated memory errors and increase gist memory.

scholarly journals Differentiating True and False Schematic Memories in Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina E Webb ◽  
Nancy A Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Related Information

Abstract Objective While schemas aid memory for schematically related information, the gist induced by the schema can also lead to high rates of false memories, especially in older adults. The neural mechanisms that support and differentiate true and false memories in aging are not well understood. The current study sought to clarify this, using a novel scene paradigm to investigate the role of schemas on true and false memories in older adults. Methods Healthy older adults encoded schematic scenes (e.g., bathroom). At retrieval, participants were tested on their memory for both schematic and nonschematic targets and lures while functional magnetic resonance imaging data was collected. Results Results indicate that true memories were supported by the typical retrieval network, and activity in this network was greater for true than false memories. Schema specific retrieval was supported by medial prefrontal cortex, extending this common finding to aging. While no region differentiated false memories compared to correct rejections, results showed that individual differences in false memory rates were associated with variability in neural activity. Discussion The findings underscore the importance of elucidating the neural basis of cognition within older adults, as well as the specific contribution of individual differences to the neural basis of memory errors in aging.

scholarly journals Diurnal Profiles of Locomotive and Household Activities Using an Accelerometer in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5337
Author(s):  
Harutoshi Sakakima ◽  
Seiya Takada ◽  
Kosuke Norimatsu ◽  
Shotaro Otsuka ◽  
Kazuki Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Older People ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Household Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Severe Chronic Pain ◽  
Household Activities

The present study investigates the diurnal profiles of locomotive and household activities in older adults with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) using an accelerometer. Furthermore, we examined the effect of chronic pain on their diurnal profiles in both activities. Seventy-one older adults with MSDs (73–89 years) were included in this cross-sectional survey, and 25 age-matched older adults (75–86 years) were selected as healthy older adults. The daily physical activities, including steps walked and locomotive and household activity intensities, were recorded using a triaxial accelerometer in terms of metabolic equivalent task-hours per week (MET-h/week). The diurnal profiles of steps and locomotive activities in older adults with MSDs were considerably lower than those of healthy older adults. In contrast, there was no significant decline in household activity. However, the locomotive and household activities were reduced by severe chronic pain. This survey demonstrated that the diurnal profiles of household activity in older people with MSDs as well as those in age-matched healthy older adults were maintained. Furthermore, severe chronic pain influenced both activities. Therefore, the maintenance of household activity throughout the day, as well as the management of chronic pain, may be important strategies for the promotion of physical activity in older people with MSDs.

scholarly journals Age differences in false memories for visual scenes and the effect of prior recall

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xixi Dang ◽  
Bi Zhu ◽  
Chuansheng Chen ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Free Recall ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Filler Task ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visual Scenes

Abstract This study investigated age differences in false memory for visual scenes and the effect of immediate recall on subsequent recognition. Eighty children (7–9 years), 74 adolescents (14–16 years), 92 young adults (19–26 years) and 82 older adults (50–80 years) studied four visual scenes and then took a recognition test after either a free-recall task or a filler task. Results showed an age-related decline in false recognition for visual scenes, but this trend was eliminated when participants were asked to free-recall before recognition. Prior recall decreased false recognition in children, but increased false recognition in older adults. Across the lifespan, adolescents had the loosest criterion, children had the lowest false recall, and prior recall increased true recognition in older adults.

Evidence for age-invariance in associative false recognition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanrada Pansuwan ◽  
Friederike Breuer ◽  
Taranah Gazder ◽  
Zen Juen Lau ◽  
Sara Cueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Older People ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Critical Lure ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bayesian Evidence ◽  
Incidental Encoding ◽  
Related Increase

Older people are more prone to memory distortions and errors than young people, but do not always show greater false recognition in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task. We report two preregistered experiments investigating whether recent findings of age-invariant false recognition extend to designs in which studied items are blocked. According to Tun, Wingfield, Rosen, &amp; Blanchard (1998), age effects on false recognition in the DRM task are due to a greater reliance on gist processing which is enhanced under blocked study conditions. Experiment 1 assessed false recognition in an online variant of the DRM task where words were presented visually, with incidental encoding. The results showed Bayesian evidence against greater false recognition by older adults, whether lures were semantically associated with studied lists, or perceptually related (presented in the same distinctive font as studied lists) or both. Experiment 2 used a typical DRM procedure with auditory lists and intentional encoding, closely reproducing Tun et al.’s (1998) Experiment 2 but omitting an initial test of recall. The results showed evidence against an age-related increase in critical lure false recognition under these conditions. Together, the data suggest that older people do not make more associative memory errors in recognition tests than young people.

VERIDICAL AND FALSE MEMORIES IN HEALTHY OLDER ADULTS AND IN DEMENTIA OF THE ALZHEIMER'S TYPE

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 361-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Balota ◽  
Michael J. Cortese ◽  
Janet M. Duchek ◽  
David Adams ◽  
Henry L. Roediger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Healthy Older Adults
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