scholarly journals Preventing Evaporation Products for High-quality Metal Film in Directed Energy Deposition: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Hyung Kim ◽  
Chan-Hyun Jung ◽  
Dae-Yong Jeong ◽  
Soong-Keun Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Metal Film ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Film Layer ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Quality Metal

Directed Energy Deposition (DED) is a process that enables high-speed deposition with a sub-millimeter thickness using laser technology. Thus far, defect studies on additive manufacturing, including DED, have focused mostly on preventing pores and crack defects that reduce fatigue strength. On the other hand, evaporation products, fumes and spatters, generated by the high energy have often been neglected despite being some of the main causes of porosity and defects. In high-quality metal deposition, the problems caused by evaporation products are difficult to solve, but they have not yet caught the attention of metallurgists and physicists. This review examines the effect of the laser, material, and process parameters on the evaporation products to help obtain a high-quality metal film layer in thin-DED.

scholarly journals Preventing Evaporation Products for High-Quality Metal Film in Directed Energy Deposition: A Review

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Kang-Hyung Kim ◽  
Chan-Hyun Jung ◽  
Dae-Yong Jeong ◽  
Soong-Keun Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Metal Film ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Quality Metal

Directed energy deposition (DED), a type of additive manufacturing (AM) is a process that enables high-speed deposition using laser technology. The application of DED extends not only to 3D printing, but also to the 2D surface modification by direct laser-deposition dissimilar materials with a sub-millimeter thickness. One of the reasons why DED has not been widely applied in the industry is the low velocity with a few m/min, but thin-DED has been developed to the extent that it can be over 100 m/min in roller deposition. The remaining task is to improve quality by reducing defects. Thus far, defect studies on AM, including DED, have focused mostly on preventing pores and crack defects that reduce fatigue strength. However, evaporation products, fumes, and spatters, were often neglected despite being one of the main causes of porosity and defects. In high-quality metal deposition, the problems caused by evaporation products are difficult to solve, but they have not yet caught the attention of metallurgists and physicists. This review examines the effect of the laser, material, and process parameters on the evaporation products to help obtain a high-quality metal film layer in thin-DED.

From mine to part: directed energy deposition of iron ore

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Himani Naesstroem ◽  
Frank Brueckner ◽  
Alexander F.H. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Melt Pool ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Melt Pool Size

Purpose This paper aims to gain an understanding of the behaviour of iron ore when melted by a laser beam in a continuous manner. This fundamental knowledge is essential to further develop additive manufacturing routes such as production of low cost parts and in-situ reduction of the ore during processing. Design/methodology/approach Blown powder directed energy deposition was used as the processing method. The process was observed through high-speed imaging, and computed tomography was used to analyse the specimens. Findings The experimental trials give preliminary results showing potential for the processability of iron ore for additive manufacturing. A large and stable melt pool is formed in spite of the inhomogeneous material used. Single and multilayer tracks could be deposited. Although smooth and even on the surface, the single layer tracks displayed porosity. In case of multilayered tracks, delamination from the substrate material and deformation can be seen. High-speed videos of the process reveal various process phenomena such as melting of ore powder during feeding, cloud formation, melt pool size, melt flow and spatter formation. Originality/value Very little literature is available that studies the possible use of ore in additive manufacturing. Although the process studied here is not industrially useable as is, it is a step towards processing cheap unprocessed material with a laser beam.

Effect of External Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of 316L Stainless Steel Fabricated by Directed Energy Deposition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yachao Wang ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Yutai Su
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Horizontal Magnetic Field ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Directed Energy

Abstract Directed energy deposition (DED) is a major additive manufacturing (AM) process, which employs high energy beams as the heat source to melt and deposit metal powder in a layer-by-layer fashion such that complex components can be manufactured. In this study, a magnetic-field-assisted DED method is applied to control the microstructure and element distribution in the deposited materials. For this purpose, to control the microstructure of DED-built 316L stainless steel, a horizontal magnetic field is introduced during the DED process at different levels of magnetic field intensities (i.e., 0T, 1.0T and 1.8T). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) are used to characterize the microstructure of components obtained with different magnetic field strengths. The results show that the microstructure of deposited materials is significantly affected by the external magnetic field. Also, the result of interdendritic microsegregation pattern presents a transformation from continuous morphology to discrete morphology because of the applied magnetic field. Along with the increasing horizontal magnetic field intensity, nickel and chromium content are changed significantly in austenite and ferrite.

Directed energy deposition and characterization of high-carbon high speed steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 100838 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ur Rahman ◽  
L. Capuano ◽  
S. Cabeza ◽  
M. Feinaeugle ◽  
A. Garcia-Junceda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Directed Energy

scholarly journals In-situ Observations of Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing Using High-Speed X-ray Imaging

JOM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Wolff ◽  
Samantha Webster ◽  
Niranjan D. Parab ◽  
Benjamin Aronson ◽  
Benjamin Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Directed Energy

scholarly journals In-situ high-speed X-ray imaging of piezo-driven directed energy deposition additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Wolff ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Niranjan Parab ◽  
Cang Zhao ◽  
Kornel F. Ehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Directed Energy

scholarly journals Porosity Formation and Meltpool Geometry Analysis Using High-speed, in situ Imaging of Directed Energy Deposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2556-2557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Webster ◽  
Sarah Wolff ◽  
Jennifer Bennett ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Jian Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
Directed Energy Deposition ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Geometry Analysis ◽  
In Situ Imaging
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