scholarly journals The Spanish and Portuguese Keyboards, the Best Options to Type in all Romance Languages for US-QWERTY Users

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Miguel Tébar Martínez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
European Languages ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Western European ◽  
Keyboard Layout

While adequate for English-speaking users in the United States, as well as many Commonwealth countries and other English-speaking jurisdictions (e.g., Canada, Australia, New Zealand or South Africa among others), typing in Romance Languages (Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian) by using a standard US-QWERTY Keyboard is not easy since it is not adapted to special characters such as accented vowels, tildes and cedillas or ligatures, used in Romance Languages. With regard to the International Layout, intended to enable access to the most common diacritics used in Western European Languages, the problem comes from the fact that accented vowels are spread throughout the Keyboard layout, and their uppercase versions need chord combinations which can require good manual dexterity. This paper will analyze how the Spanish or Portuguese Keyboards are the best options for these users since they are QWERTY-based and the most compatible ones for the different character sets in Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian Languages.

Introduction to Clubs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Barrows ◽  
Michael Robinson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
First Time

Private clubs have existed for as long as people have desired to gather in groups to do things together. It has been suggested that private clubs (and their predecessors) date to the Roman baths but probably pre-date even those. It is doubtful that the Roman baths represented the first time people congregated in groups to socialize, discuss commerce, politics, or just engage in a mutually agreeable activity. Certainly, most agree that the ‘modern’ clubs (in the English speaking world) originated in England, were limited to ‘gentlemen’ and organized for social, political, business and/or pleasure reasons. The concept was then ‘exported’ along with ex-patriots all around the world. Clubs have since evolved to the point where they exist in countries around the world although they are embraced to a greater or lesser extent in different places. Examples of private clubs can be found in such countries as England (and the greater UK), Ireland, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, Switzerland, Hong Kong, India, Pakistan, Japan, Singapore, and the UAE. Perhaps no country has adopted the idea of clubs as much as the USA, where they have evolved into a veritable industry, are protected by law, and number into the thousands. Humans, being social creatures, long to spend quality time with others – ‘others’, historically, representing those of their own kind. Perhaps it is for this reason that clubs have, rightly or wrongly, developed a reputation for being discriminatory. People generally find benefits from spending time with others. These benefits may accrue in many forms, including personal, professional, and political.

scholarly journals Contemporary trends in names of wines and wineries in the English-speaking world

Onomastica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Ahren ◽  
Sheila Embleton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
West Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Washington State ◽  
The West ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World

Over the last fifty years, the number of wineries in the English-speaking world has rapidly grown and with it the number of wines available has also increased. We are referring particularly to Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. With the increase in the number of wineries and wines has come an attempt by wineries to differentiate themselves by their names and the names of their wines. We discover that the names chosen mainly rely on regional history and culture as well as on humour. We take the Niagara region in Ontario, Canada, as our main example for systematic analysis, and then make reference to other English-speaking wine-producing regions in Canada (British Columbia), Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the west coast of the United States (California, Washington State and Oregon).

scholarly journals Greater female first author citation advantages do not associate with reduced or reducing gender disparities in academia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1297
Author(s):  
Mike Thelwall ◽  
Pardeep Sud
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Small Fields ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Author Citation ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Weak Tendency

Ongoing problems attracting women into many Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects have many potential explanations. This article investigates whether the possible undercitation of women associates with lower proportions of, or increases in, women in a subject. It uses six million articles published in 1996–2012 across up to 331 fields in six mainly English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States. The proportion of female first- and last-authored articles in each year was calculated and 4,968 regressions were run to detect first-author gender advantages in field normalized article citations. The proportion of female first authors in each field correlated highly between countries and the female first-author citation advantages derived from the regressions correlated moderately to strongly between countries, so both are relatively field specific. There was a weak tendency in the United States and New Zealand for female citation advantages to be stronger in fields with fewer women, after excluding small fields, but there was no other association evidence. There was no evidence of female citation advantages or disadvantages to be a cause or effect of changes in the proportions of women in a field for any country. Inappropriate uses of career-level citations are a likelier source of gender inequities.

The Anglosphere and the American Embrace: The End of the British Empire and After

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Carl Bridge ◽  
Bart Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
British Empire ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
American Hegemony ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Security Structure

In 1919 and 1945, an English-speaking alliance had a seeming solidity born of victory. In the inter-war period, a British-led Anglosphere continued and even increased trading connections in times of crisis and remained a defence unit, while the Americans went into isolation, which was broken up by another war. After 1945, American hegemony of the Anglosphere, and the rest of the Western world, was a given and trumped the British Empire. This led to NATO, as the British imperial element of this ‘Anglo’ order was undergoing change. Australia and New Zealand could not join NATO, while Canada did, and formed ANZUS with the United States and without Britain. Trade divergence ensued, as Britain joined the EEC and the former Dominions went separate ways embedded in their regions. In the post-Cold War era, the Anglosphere remains one of the cornerstones of a global security structure, whereas, ominous for Brexit, in the important area of world trade, the Anglosphere has no relevance.

Britain and decolonization in an Era of Global Change

2017 ◽  
pp. 64-84
Author(s):  
Sarah Elizabeth Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Informal Empire ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Liberal Imperialism

This chapter considers processes of decolonization in Britain’s ‘empires’, incorporating discussion not just of the key dynamics and manifestations of decolonization in the colonial empire in India, Africa, the Caribbean and elsewhere, but also in Britain’s residual ‘informal’ empire in the Middle East, and in the ‘old’ Commonwealth countries of Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. The chapter argues that decolonization across these different contexts was driven by geo-political forces operating across the European empires, as the international order was reconfigured by two world wars, tilting power away from Britain and other European imperial powers. Stockwell nevertheless identifies elements of British imperial exceptionalism. She suggests that these were not to be found, as contemporaries liked to claim, in the form of a British liberal imperialism. Rather, Britain, which was at the centre of an empire larger than any other, retained a semblance of great power status, shaping British relations with the United States and Britain’s ambitions to exercise influence after empire.

Mining supply disruptions mask mounting demand fears

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Disruptions ◽  
Copper Mines ◽  
Southern Neighbour

Subject COVID-19-related disruptions to the mining supply chain. Significance The severity and length of COVID-19-related lockdowns has varied by country, but disruptions have quickly affected production. While West Africa, Russia and initially Mexico struggled to define a clear policy for mining, strict initial prohibition hit production in New Zealand, Peru, Argentina, South Africa, Ecuador and India in late March and into April. Spain, Australia, Chile, Quebec and Finland stuck to the middle ground, phasing policies in and out and permitting selected activity. Impacts Key plants, including iron ore mines in Australia and copper mines in Chile and the United States, are seeing little disruption so far. Mongolia, the first nation to close its borders with China, has also been the first to resume coal exports to its southern neighbour. Western Australia banned some fly-in, fly-out commuting arrangements to mines; similar such bans could persist elsewhere for months.

Linaria vulgaris (common toadflax).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Gassmann ◽  
Chris Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Range ◽  
The Usa

Abstract L. vulgaris is a perennial flowering plant with a spreading root system. It forms dense mats which can compete with crops and suppress native vegetation, reducing pasture productivity and/or biodiversity (ISSG, 2015). Native to temperate areas of Europe and Asia, it has been widely introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, and is regarded as noxious in many of these countries. By inclusion in indexes of invasive species it is regarded as invasive widely in Canada and in the USA (Alberta Invasive Species Council, 2014; Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, 2015). L. vulgaris received an invasive index of 69 (out of a maximum of 100) in Alaska, USA (ANHP, 2011). It is also regarded as invasive within its native range in Serbia (Dzigurski and Nikolic, 2014).

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