scholarly journals Secure Air Traffic Control at the Hub of Multiplexing on the Centrifugo-Pneumatic Lab-on-a-Disc Platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Ducrée
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Algorithmic Optimization ◽  
Point Of Use

Fluidic larger-scale integration (LSI) resides at the heart of comprehensive sample-to-answer automation and parallelization of assay panels for frequent and ubiquitous bioanalytical testing in decentralized the point-of-use / point-of-care settings. This paper develops a novel “digital twin” strategy with an emphasis on rotational, centrifugo-pneumatic flow control. The underlying model systematically connects retention rates of rotationally actuated valves as a key element of LSI to experimental input parameters; for the first time, the concept of band widths in frequency space as the decisive quantity characterizing operationally robustness is introduced, a set of quantitative performance metrics guiding algorithmic optimization of disc layouts is defined, and the engineering principles of advanced, logical flow control and timing are elucidated. Overall, the digital twin enables efficient design for automating multiplexed bioassay protocols on such “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) systems featuring high packing density, reliability, configurability, modularity and manufacturability to eventually minimize cost, time and risk of development and production.

scholarly journals Secure Air Traffic Control at the Hub of Multiplexing on the Centrifugo-Pneumatic Lab-On-a-Disc Platform

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Jens Ducrée
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Algorithmic Optimization ◽  
Point Of Use

Fluidic larger-scale integration (LSI) resides at the heart of comprehensive sample-to-answer automation and parallelization of assay panels for frequent and ubiquitous bioanalytical testing in decentralized point-of-use/point-of-care settings. This paper develops a novel “digital twin” strategy with an emphasis on rotational, centrifugo-pneumatic flow control. The underlying model systematically connects retention rates of rotationally actuated valves as a key element of LSI to experimental input parameters; for the first time, the concept of band widths in frequency space as the decisive quantity characterizing operational robustness is introduced, a set of quantitative performance metrics guiding algorithmic optimization of disc layouts is defined, and the engineering principles of advanced, logical flow control and timing are elucidated. Overall, the digital twin enables efficient design for automating multiplexed bioassay protocols on such “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) systems featuring high packing density, reliability, configurability, modularity, and manufacturability to eventually minimize cost, time, and risk of development and production.

scholarly journals Secure Air Traffic Control at the Hub of Multiplexing on the Centrifugo-Pneumatic Lab-on-a-Disc Platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Ducrée
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Fabrication Cost ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Scale Integration

Larger-scale integration (LSI) resides at the heart of comprehensive sample-to-answer automation and parallelisation of assay panels for frequent and ubiquitous bioanalytical testing in decentralised the point-of-use / point-of-care settings. With an emphasis on rotational, centrifugo-pneumatic flow control, this paper employs a virtual “digital twin” strategy, considering experimental tolerances, to efficiently design such “Lab-on-a-Disc” systems featuring high packing density, reliability, configurability, modularity, manufacturability, performance while minimizing development and fabrication cost.

scholarly journals Design Optimization of Centrifugal Microfluidic “Lab-on-a-Disc” Systems towards Fluidic Larger-Scale Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5839
Author(s):  
Jens Ducrée
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Scale Integration

Enhancing the degree of functional multiplexing while assuring operational reliability and manufacturability at competitive costs are crucial ingredients for enabling comprehensive sample-to-answer automation, e.g., for use in common, decentralized “Point-of-Care” or “Point-of-Use” scenarios. This paper demonstrates a model-based “digital twin” approach, which efficiently supports the algorithmic design optimization of exemplary centrifugo-pneumatic (CP) dissolvable-film (DF) siphon valves toward larger-scale integration (LSI) of well-established “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) systems. Obviously, the spatial footprint of the valves and their upstream laboratory unit operations (LUOs) have to fit, at a given radial position prescribed by its occurrence in the assay protocol, into the locally accessible disc space. At the same time, the retention rate of a rotationally actuated CP-DF siphon valve and, most challengingly, its band width related to unavoidable tolerances of experimental input parameters need to slot into a defined interval of the practically allowed frequency envelope. To accomplish particular design goals, a set of parametrized metrics is defined, which are to be met within their practical boundaries while (numerically) minimizing the band width in the frequency domain. While each LSI scenario needs to be addressed individually on the basis of the digital twin, a suite of qualitative design rules and instructive showcases structures are presented.

scholarly journals Anti-Counterfeit Technologies for Microfluidic “Lab-on-a-Disc” Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Ducrée
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Economy Of Scale ◽  
Microfluidic Flow ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Hardware Encryption

Non-genuine medical products, including diagnostic devices, have become a lucrative business for fraudsters, causing significant damage to revenues and reputation of companies, as well as posing a significant risk to the health of people and societies. Along a “digital twin” representing centrifugal microfluidic flow control on exemplary “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) systems, a novel, two-pronged strategy to safeguard miniaturized point-of-care devices by means of secret features and manufacturing challenges is outlined; such “hardware encryption” is flexibly programmed for each chip during production, and deciphered from a secure, local or online database at the time of use. This way, unlicensed copying may be efficiently deterred by an unfavourable economy-of-scale, even in absence of legal prosecution.

scholarly journals On-Board Reagent Storage and Release by Solvent-Selective, Rotationally Opened Membranes – A Digital Twin Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Ducrée
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Spindle Motor ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Algorithmic Design ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Term Storage

Decentralized bioanalytical testing in resource-poor settings ranges among the prime applications of microfluidic systems. The high operational autonomy in such point-of-care / point-of-use scenarios requires on-board stored liquid reagents, which need to be safely contained during long-term storage, transport and handling, and reliably released prior to activation. Over the recent decades, centrifugal microfluidic technologies have demonstrated the capability of integrated, automated and parallelized sample preparation and detection of bioanalytical protocols. This paper introduces a novel concept for onboard storage of liquid reagents which can be delivered in a well-defined manner by a rotational stimulus of the system-innate spindle motor, while still aligning with the conceptual simplicity of such “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) concepts. The reagent storage technology is captured by a digital twin which allows making complex performance analysis and algorithmic design optimization according to given objectives as expressed by target metrics.

scholarly journals Design Optimization of Centrifugal Microfluidic "Lab-on-a-Disc" Systems towards Fluidic Larger-Scale Integration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Ducrée
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Band Width ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Scale Integration

Enhancing the degree of functional multiplexing while assuring operational reliability and manufacturability at competitive costs are crucial ingredients for enabling comprehensive sample-to-answer automation, e.g., for use in common, decentralized “Point-of-Care” or “Point-of-Use” scenarios. This paper demonstrates a model-based ‘digital twin’ approach which efficiently supports the algorithmic design optimization of exemplary centrifugo-pneumatic (CP) dissolvable-film (DF) siphon valves towards larger-scale integration (LSI) of well-established “Lab-on-a-Disc” (LoaD) systems. Obviously, the spatial footprint of the valves and their upstream laboratory unit operations (LUOs) have to fit, at a given radial position prescribed by its occurrence in the assay protocol, into the locally accessible disc space. At the same time, the retention rate of a rotationally actuated CP-DF siphon valve and, most challenging, its band width related to unavoidable tolerances of experimental input parameters, need to slot into a defined interval of the practically allowed frequency envelope. To accomplish particular design goals, a set of parametrized metrics is defined, which are to be met within their practical boundaries while (numerically) minimizing the band width in the frequency domain. While each LSI scenario needs to be addressed individually on the basis of the digital twin, a suite of qualitative design rules and instructive showcases structures are presented.

Abstract 17116: Incidence and Outcomes of Out-of-hospital Maternal Cardiac Arrest and Compliance With Resuscitation Guidelines

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A Lipowicz ◽  
Sheldon Cheskes ◽  
Sarah H Gray ◽  
Farida Jeejeebhoy ◽  
Janice Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Resuscitation Guidelines ◽  
Regional Health Authorities

Background: Published survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) are lower than in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA). Current estimates for the incidence and rate of survival for maternal cardiac arrest are published only for IHCA. There are no studies that report the incidence and outcomes of maternal OHCA. Current cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines contain specific maternal recommendations, although compliance with recommended benchmarks has not been reported. The objective of this study was to report maternal OHCA incidence, outcomes, and compliance with resuscitation and maternal specific guidelines. Methods: This was a population-based cohort study of consecutive maternal OHCA between May 2010 and April 2014. The denominator was estimated from the total regional population of all women of childbearing age obtained from census and age-specific pregnancy rates provided by regional health authorities. Resuscitation performance was measured against the 2010 AHA Guidelines. Results: A total of 6 maternal OHCA occurred amongst 1,085 OHCA occurring in females of child bearing age (15-49) over 4yrs; Incidence-1.85:100,000 (95% CI 1.76 to 1.95) vs. 19.4 per 100,000 (95% CI, 19.37 to 19.43). Maternal and neonatal survival to discharge was 16.7% and 33.3%, respectively. Compliance with CPR quality metrics averaged 83% with a range from 75% to 100%. Compliance with maternal-specific resuscitation guidelines averaged 46.9%, with a range from 0% to 100%. The only performance metrics with 100% compliance was intravenous line insertion above the diaphragm and prehospital activation of the maternal cardiac arrest team. Uterine displacement compliance was low at 0%. Conclusion: The incidence of maternal OHCA was 1.85:100,000, which is lower than the published estimate for maternal IHCA. Survival after OHCA for mother and for child was higher than OHCA occurring in non-pregnant adult females of child bearing age; however, the number of survivors was small (<5). Compliance rates with recommended resuscitation guidelines were high, yet compliance with maternal-specific guidelines were low suggesting targeted training and implementation optimization at the point of care is required to prepare for this rare event involving two lives.

Equity or Disparity: Do Performance Funding Policies Disadvantage 2-Year Minority-Serving Institutions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Y. Li ◽  
Denisa Gándara ◽  
Amanda Assalone
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Education ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
Performance Funding ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Gateway Courses ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
Funding Formulas ◽  
Minority Serving Institutions

Objective: We investigate whether performance funding—an increasingly prevalent state policy that allocates appropriations based on outcomes that prioritize retention and completion—places minority-serving institutions (MSIs) at a financial disadvantage due to these institutions serving a greater proportion of historically underrepresented students. Method: Using data from 2004-05 to 2014-15 within Texas and Washington, we compare state funding allocations to 2-year institutions designated as MSIs versus non-MSIs, before and after performance funding policies are implemented. We additionally compare funding allocations for each performance metric. Results: On average, MSIs in Texas and Washington are allocated the same or less in per-student state funding after performance funding compared to non-MSIs. MSIs in Texas are advantaged in performance metrics for transfers and for gateway courses in math (credit-bearing courses that serve as a “gateway” to continued study), and MSIs in Washington are advantaged in developmental education courses. However, MSIs are typically disadvantaged in metrics for degree completions. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MSIs in Texas and Washington are not financially disadvantaged due to performance funding because the funding formulas in both states incentivize milestones in addition to outputs. We recommend that policy makers consider incorporating performance metrics for developmental education and gateway courses in addition to retention rates and degree completions, and tailor metrics to the student population of institutions to mitigate the potentially inequitable funding consequences of performance funding policies.

scholarly journals Macroscopic Traffic Flow Control Via State Estimation

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
H. Abouaïssa ◽  
H. Majid
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
State Estimation ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Traffic State ◽  
Loop Detectors ◽  
Traffic State Estimation ◽  
Estimation And Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract The studies presented in this paper deal with traffic control in case of missing data and/or when the loop detectors are faulty. We show that the traffic state estimation plays an important role in traffic prediction and control. Two approaches are presented for the estimation of the main traffic variables (traffic density and mean speed). The state constructors obtained are then used for traffic flow control. Several numerical simulations show very promising results for both traffic state estimation and control.

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